温度和碳源对分解羽毛的枯草芽孢杆菌YYW-1生长特性的影响

利用发酵罐研究了32℃、37℃和42℃培养温度对枯草芽孢杆菌菌体生长及芽孢形成的影响。结果表明,37℃能够获得最大菌量,42℃开始形成芽孢的时间最早;37℃和42℃条件下生长的延滞期比32℃明显缩短。利用摇瓶培养研究了糖类、醇类和盐类碳源对菌体生长性能的影响。结果表明,各类碳源中葡萄糖、环状糊精、马铃薯淀粉、甘油、甘露醇明显缩短了培养的延滞期;不同碳源对发酵液菌量影响差异很大,柠檬酸钠、醋酸钠和环状糊精的最高菌量分别比基础培养基提高了1.32、1.09、1.02倍,马铃薯淀粉、葡萄糖和甘露醇处理分别提高了98.1%、78.6%和74.0%,可溶性淀粉处理菌量提高了21.4%,甘油处理提高了7.7%。在各类碳源中只有盐类碳源即柠檬酸钠和醋酸钠能正常形成芽孢。     

不同培养条件对球孢链霉菌JK-1生长及其产生抗菌物质的影响

[目的]研究不同培养条件对球孢链霉菌JK-1生长及其产生抗菌物质的影响,明确该菌生长及其产生抗菌物质的最适培养条件.[方法]在不同培养条件下分别测量球孢链霉菌JK-1的菌体干重,并以稻瘟菌为指示菌,采用菌丝生长速率法测定不同培养条件下JK-1发酵液的抑菌活性.[结果]在供试的7种培养基中,LB培养基最有利于菌体生长,PSB培养基最有利于产生抗菌物质.JK-1在10~35℃范围内均可以生长并产生抗菌物质,25℃为菌体生长和产生抗菌物质的最适温度.JK-1在PSB中培养5d菌体干重可达最大值,培养7d抑菌活性可达到最大值.适宜于JK-1生长及其产生抗菌物质的pH值范围为6~8,最适为pH 7.JK-1能够有效利用多种碳源和氮源进行生长和产生抗菌物质,其中分别以甘油为碳源和酪氨酸为氮源时生长最好;以麦芽糖为碳源和硫酸铵为氮源时发酵液的抑菌活性最强.[结论]球孢链霉菌JK-1生长和产生抗菌物质的最佳培养条件为pH 7的PSB培养基,25℃条件下培养7d,甘油和酪氨酸最适于该菌的菌体生长,麦芽糖和硫酸铵最适于产生抗菌物质.     

Evoked release of norepinephrine and serotonin from brain slices: inhibitoon by lithium

Slices of mammalian brain accumulate H(3)-norepinephrine and H(3)-serotonin when incubated in a physiologic medium containing these tritiated monoamines. When these tissues are subjected to mild electrical stimulation of short duration, which is associated with depolarization of nerve membranes, a striking increase in the rate of efflux of the exogenous labeled monoamines occurs. Stimulation-induced release of both labeled monoamines is diminished by the presence of lithium ions in the perfusing medium; related monovalent cations had no such effect. Evoked release from slices of brain from animals treated intraperitoneally with lithium chloride for 3 days was also reduced.     

奶牛胚胎直接投入液氮冷冻保存试验

将奶牛7日龄胚胎,常温下在含128.9g/L甘油PBSS肉孵育20min后移入193.2g/L甘油+85.6g/L蔗糖PBSS内孵育7min,装管后即投入液氮内冷冻保存。182d后解冻8枚,用含342.3g/L蔗糖PBSS脱去甘油,7枚可供移植用,胚胎可用率为87.5％(7/8),移植给7头受体牛,3头妊娠,妊娠率为42.9％。     

Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in human fetal liver

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a biotransformation product of theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) in the human fetus. Liver explants, obtained from human fetuses with gestational ages of 12 to 20 weeks, were incubated with theophylline and produced caffeine and, in lesser amounts, 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. These findings suggest that the predominant pathway in theophylline metabolism in the fetus and newborn infant is the methylation reaction producing caffeine. This may contribute to the neonate's exceedingly slower elimination of caffeine relative to theophylline. Caffeine produced from theophylline may add to the pharmacologic effects of theophylline in newborn infants with apnea.     

玉米胚芽碱溶性蛋白提取条件及其胶凝性研究

选取NaOH浓度,料液比和酸沉pH三个因素进行正交试验,优化碱溶蛋白的提取条件。在NaOH浓度为0.3%,料液比1 10,酸沉pH为4.7时,碱溶蛋白提取率最高,可达64%。用以上碱溶性蛋白进行胶凝试验,评价不同蛋白、甘油浓度和pH条件下形成热凝胶的感官及其机械强度的测定。结果表明,与室温和40℃条件下干燥相比,60℃干燥条件下成膜的碱溶性蛋白凝胶强度有所增强;在碱溶性蛋白浓度在10%,pH 6~8,甘油浓度2%,60℃静置2 h,室温静置24 h,凝胶性能较好。     

丙三醇对牛瘤胃发酵、尿嘌呤衍生物、消化率、能量代谢及氮平衡的影响

 【目的】研究丙三醇对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵、尿嘌呤衍生物含量、日粮养分表观消化率、能量代谢及氮平衡的影响。【方法】选用8头体重450 kg、年龄3岁、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮上添加丙三醇100、200和300 g?d-1。【结果】日粮添加200 g?d-1和300 g?d-1丙三醇,瘤胃pH、乙酸/丙酸比例和氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组和100 g?d-1组（P＜0.05）,瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比显著高于对照组和100 g?d-1组（P＜0.05）;200 g?d-1和300 g?d-1丙三醇组玉米秸秆DM、OM、NDF、ADF和混合精料DM、OM降解率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,200 g?d-1组和300 g?d-1组混合精料CP降解率显著低于对照组和100 g?d-1组（P＜0.05）;200 g?d-1组和300 g?d-1组尿囊素和尿嘌呤衍生物含量显著高于100 g?d-1组和对照组（P＜0.05）;200 g?d-1组和300 g?d-1组OM、EE、CP、NFE、NDF和ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。200 g?d-1组和300g?d-1组消化能和代谢能显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;200 g?d-1组和300 g?d-1组沉积能显著高于100 g?d-1组和对照组（P＜0.05）;200 g?d-1组和300 g?d-1组沉积氮显著高于对照组和100 g?d-1组（P＜0.05）。【结论】丙三醇的适宜添加水平为200 g?d-1。     

不同条件下酶法测定蜂蜜中甘油含量的研究

为了探究在不同条件下蜂蜜中的甘油含量,通过甘油酶制剂法测定其含量,实验结果表明,利用甘油酶制剂法能较稳定的测定蜂蜜中的甘油含量,其加标回收率实验的回收率在95.7%~115.0%之间,精密度实验甘油含量的RSD在2%~7%,重复性实验甘油含量的RSD在1%~5%;同时pH为3.00~7.00时,蜂蜜中的甘油含量变化较稳定,在7 d内,通过此法测定蜂蜜中甘油的含量无明显变化,在4~25℃条件下,蜂蜜中甘油含量变化较稳定。同时采用此法对不同蜂蜜中的甘油含量进行测定,能够达到生产上基本测定的要求。     

高渗胁迫对玉米大斑病菌生长发育及STK1表达的影响

【目的】观测高渗胁迫对玉米大斑病菌（Setosphaeria turcica）生长发育的影响,探讨甘油是否为病菌细胞中的渗透调节物质,分析STK1在高渗胁迫下的表达规律。【方法】采用2种高渗胁迫条件处理玉米大斑病菌,分析高渗胁迫对病菌生长发育的影响;检测高渗胁迫下菌丝细胞中甘油含量的变化,明确甘油是否为病菌中的渗透调节物质;利用半定量RT-PCR方法,分析高渗胁迫条件下STK1表达规律。【结果】玉米大斑病菌菌丝细胞的等渗液浓度为0.78 mol•L-1;在高渗胁迫条件下,菌落颜色均发生显著变化。1 mol•L-1 NaCl处理后菌落呈红褐色,菌落的生长速率也受到到明显的抑制;在1 mol•L-1NaCl胁迫下菌丝细胞中原生质体浓缩,出现明显的浓缩颗粒;随胁迫时间的延长和渗透胁迫物质浓度的增加,细胞中甘油含量显著增加;STK1在高渗胁迫48 h内表达量稳定增加。【结论】高渗胁迫抑制玉米大斑病菌菌落生长,改变菌落颜色,使菌丝细胞中原生质体高度浓缩,部分菌丝膨大呈球状;甘油是病菌细胞中的一种渗透调节物质;STK1参与调控病菌的渗透胁迫反应。     

施硅对稻田土壤氮矿化的影响

供试土壤分别采自日本山形县农业试验场（土壤A）和鹤冈市吉田农户的水稻田（土壤B）。将两种水稻土分别与硅酸钙和硅酸混合，在密闭条件下恒温培养4周，测定施硅对土壤氮矿化的影响。在培养土壤中加入^15N标记硫酸铵以评价施硅对加入土壤中氮去向的影响，结果表明：在培养1周内，施用硅酸钙1g.kg^-1,2g.kg^-1与不施硅相比，土壤 fu lk 0。2-0。3，NH4^ -N总积累量分别增加20%，26%（土壤A）和9%，11%（土壤B），土壤氮净矿化速率分别增加26%，35%（土壤A）和13%，13%（土壤B）。处理间差异在培养开始后的第1周大于第4周，硅酸对土壤pH及氮矿化速率没有影响，两种硅肥对施入土壤中氮的去向均无明显影响，研究结果揭示，硅酸钙促进土壤氮矿化的原因不是硅元素本身，其可能机制是通过增加土壤pH而加速氮的矿化。     

小鼠胚胎直接投入液氮冷冻保存试验

室温下,将292枚小鼠胚胎在含128.9g/L甘油PBSS(含20％犊牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲液)和含193.2g/L甘油+85.6g/L蔗糖PBSS内分别孵育片刻,装管后直接投入液氮冷冻保存。冻胚快速解冻后,用含342.3g/L蔗糖PBSS脱去甘油,用PBSS清洗后镜下观察评定,胚胎回收率为86.9％(254/292),胚胎形态正常率为77.1％(196/254)。其中部分桑椹胚经体外培养,囊胚发育率为71.4％(20/28)。将110枚冻胚移植给7只受体,3只妊娠,产仔12只(5,7),妊娠率为43％(3/7),产仔率为10.9％(12/110),其中囊胚移植1只受体妊娠产仔3只,产仔率为25％(3/12)。     

克百威与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

[目的]探讨克百威与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。[方法]采用同步荧光光谱法,研究在pH 7.40 Tris-HCl缓冲体系下克百威与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用,计算不同温度下的结合常数,并探讨了克百威与BSA之间的作用力类型。[结果]在正常生理条件下克百威对牛血清白蛋白的较强的猝灭作用为静电作用。根据不同的药物浓度及温度的变化,判断其猝灭方式可能为静态猝灭。在25、37、50℃温度下反应的结合常数KSV分别为1.17×104、1.07×104和0.99×104L/mol,克百威与BSA按1∶1的比例结合。[结论]该研究对从分子水平上了解克百威的体内转运与代谢具有一定的指导意义。     

功夫菊酯在植烟土壤中的降解

采用室内模拟方法,借助气相色谱分析技术,研究了功夫菊酯在6种植烟土壤(分别来自湖南湘西、云南保山、广东南雄、河南三门峡、福建光泽、山东泰安)中的降解半衰期(T_(1/2))与土壤理化性质的关系.结果表明:功夫菊酯在河南三门峡的植烟土壤中降解最快,T_(1/2)为8.68 d,而在福建光泽的植烟土壤中降解最慢,T_(1/2)为17.20 d;随着植烟土壤中有机质含量的增加,功夫菊酯的降解半衰期延长;在pH值为6.35～6.60的植烟土壤中.功夫菊酯降解半衰期较短,在此范围外,随着pH值的升高或降低,半衰期均有延长趋势;功夫菊酯降解半衰期与植烟土壤粘粒含量的关系较为复杂,粘粒含量低于180 g/kg时以物理吸附为主,大于180 g/kg时以化学吸附为主.     

宁夏固原站大气干湿沉降变化初探

利用宁夏固原站2002年以来降水pH值和大气干沉降通量观测数据,分析了固原市区降水pH值和干沉降通量的时间、频率的分布特征及相关关系。结果表明,固原的降水呈弱碱性,存在的明显的月、季变化,冬春pH值高,达到7.40以上,夏秋逐渐降低,在7.00附近变化,呈现出单峰单谷值的变化趋势,且近年来呈上升趋势。大气干沉降通量在5月份存在极大值,12月份达到极小值。3-7月均为正距平,8-次年2月为负距平,呈明显的单峰谷型分布,自2004年以来,呈缓慢减少趋势。大气干沉降通量、降水月pH值与降水量三者之间存在一定的相关关系。     

Norepinephrine: release from brain by d-amphetamine in vivo

After injection of H(3)-norepinephrine into the left lateral cerebral ventricle of cats, the lateral and third cerebral ventricles were perfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Addition of d-amphetamine to the perfusion fluid caused a significant increase in the concentration of H(3)-norepinephrine in the effluent.     

Raney Ni-Sn catalyst for H2 production from biomass-derived hydrocarbons

Hydrogen (H2) was produced by aqueous-phase reforming of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons at temperatures near 500 kelvin over a tin-promoted Raney-nickel catalyst. The performance of this non-precious metal catalyst compares favorably with that of platinum-based catalysts for production of hydrogen from ethylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol. The addition of tin to nickel decreases the rate of methane formation from C-O bond cleavage while maintaining the high rates of C-C bond cleavage required for hydrogen formation.     

Tritiated norepinephrine: release from brain slices by electrical stimulation

Slices of rat brain and heart that had concentrated H(3)-norepinephrine were superfused and electrically stimulated. Stimulation induced a marked release of H(3)-norepinephrine with a threshold and a maximum repsonse. Release also occurred with increased concentrations of potassium, presumably due to neuronal depolarization. Inhibition of electrically induced release occurred with low calcium and with chlorpromazine and pentobarbital.     

A cell line expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fuses at low pH

A stable cell line expressing a complementary DNA clone encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fused and formed polykaryons at pH 5.5. The formation of polykaryons was dependent on the presence of glycoprotein anchored at the cell surface and could be prevented by incubation of cells with a monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein. Fusion occurred at a pH 0.5 unit lower than that observed for cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.     

Interferon binding: the first step in establishment of antiviral activity

Chick cells incubated at 1 degrees C with interferon fail to develop antiviral activity, but this activity appears subsequent to a 7-hour incubation at 37 degrees C after removal of interferon by repeated washings. Treatment with actinomycin D blocks the development of the latter activity. Cells incubated with interferon at 1 degrees C for up to 1 hour and then washed and incubated for 2 hours at 37 degrees C develop a degree of antiviral activity proportional to the concentration of interferon at initial incubation; at any concentration, the antiviral activity increased with the duration of initial incubation at 1 degrees C, but a maximal response was reached at 10 or 20 minutes. Treatment with trypsin after incubation with interferon at 1 degrees C inhibited development of antiviral activity. Interferon is rapidly bound to a superficial cell site, and this binding is necessary for development of antiviral activity in chick cells.     

Facilitation of brain self-stimulation by central administration of norepinephrine

Rats with electrodes implanted in the medial forebrain bundle stimulated their own brains at sharply reduced rates after systemic administration of disulfiram or intraventricular administration of diethyldithiocarbamate. Both drugs inhibit dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine. The suppressed behavior was reinstated by intraventricular injections of 1-norepinephrine, but not by injection of its biologically inactive isomer, d-norepinephrine. Intraventricular administration of dopamine and serotonin did not restore self-stimulation. The rewarding effect of medial forebrain bundle stimulation may depend on the availability of norepinephrine as a transmitter, but not on dopamine or serotonin.