参与式农村评估在铜壁关自然保护区等嘎片区的运用

采用参与式农村评估（PRA）的农村社会调查研究方法，对铜壁关自然保护区等嘎片区调查分析，制定社区环境行动计划，概述了等嘎一队及班岭二队的基本情况，并对主要问题进行了分析研究，提出了拟定社区发展项目，成立森林共管委员会，建立严格的资金管理制度，制定森林共管规章制度4项措施。     

阿姆山自然保护区社区共管情况调查分析

阿姆山自然保护区生物多样性极其丰富。采用参与式农村评估方法,对保护区社区共管进行了调查,分析周边社区对保护区构成的威胁,阐述保护区开展社区共管实践中取得的成效,从社区共管机制化、引进资金和技术、提供激励机制、加强自身发展能力等几方面对进一步开展社区共管的措施进行了探讨。     

后河自然保护区实施社区共管的调查与研究

笔者介绍了社区共管的概念,对湖北后河自然保护区的资源及管理存在的问题、试点社区的背景及存在的问题和村民的需求进行了调查研究,对社区共管模式的引入、实施步骤及存在的问题进行了调查分析。提出了我国今后自然保护区的社区共管工作的几点建议。     

轿子山国家级自然保护区社区共管研究

采用参与式农村评估方法(PRA)对轿子山自然保护区周边社区进行调查,阐述社区共管所取得的成效,分析周围社区居民生产、生活活动对自然保护区自然资源的威胁,包括生态保护意识弱、传统的资源消耗模式、过度放牧等。从转变资源利用方式、完善机构设置、加强管理、实施生态移民、提高社区居民素质和争取外援、开展合作交流等方面对进一步开展好社区共管进行了探讨。     

永德大雪山自然保护区社区共管浅析

位于云南省西南部的永德大雪山国家级自然保护区总面积17 541hm2,为自然生态系统类别中的森林生态系统类型的自然保护区,生物多样性丰富,森林覆盖率93.08%。分析了保护区实施社区共管的意义、目前所采取的措施,提出社区共管应进一步采取的措施:建立和完善社区共管机构、加强宣教工作、开展多种经营及加强社区基本建设。     

纳板河流域国家级自然保护区社区共管组织建设初探

文章通过对纳板河流域国家级自然保护区社区共管组织的调查,对保护区社区共管组织的建设和所开展的工作进行了总结,分析了社区共管组织建设中存在的问题,并提出了对策和措施。     

谁是自然保护区的保护主体--云南YUEP项目的理论与实践创新

根据执行“中国云南省山地生态系统生物多样性保护项目”的经验，对现有自然保护区管理模式进行反恩后认为，当地村民懂得自然资源的管理技术，并有管护的有效办法；社区森林既产生经济收益，也产生生态效益；村民主体性并不否认政府部门和科技人员的作用。同时指出，村民是社区共管的主要实施者和变革农村社区的决定性力量，坚持社区共管中的村民主体性是社区共管组织可持续性的保障。文章还介绍了该项目实施的社区保护与发展基金的运作方式。     

云南省文山国家级自然保护区社区共管案例调查分析

社区共管作为实现自然保护区资源和生物多样性有效保护和寻求改善保护区内及周边社区村民生活水平的有效途径之一，目前正引起国际社会的高度关注，并在世界范围内广泛探索和应用。作根据采用农村快速评估法(RRA)和问卷调查等方法对云南省山国家级自然保护区进行调查的结果，介绍了山自然保护区开展社区共管的现状，分析了实施社区共管的效果和存在的问题，并就如何促进社区参与保护区管理提出了建议。     

完善社区共管,促进生物多样性保护与农村经济的可持续发展

社区共管是二十世纪90年代以来国际上兴趣的一种新型自然资源管理模式,它明确了自然资源的权属,具有明显的激励作用,能够促进生物多样性保护与农村经济的可持续发展。我国于1995年开展社区共管的试点工作的,取得了一定的成效,但也存在缺乏共管激励机制、管理人员素质有待提高等问题。在分析存在问题基础上提出完善社区共管的建议。     

格化箐村社区共管示范项目成效调查研究

采用参与式乡村评估(PRA)调查方法,对2003年开展社区共管项目的格化箐村进行跟踪调查,通过对比分析项目实施前后以及该村与非项目村的差异,对项目成效进行评估.结果认为,社区共管示范项目对于缓解保护区与社区矛盾、改善村民生活质量、提高社区自我管理能力等方面起到了积极作用,但也产生一些问题和负面影响.提出了建立资源保护与经济发展的长效机制和将社区共管纳入地区发展规划等社区发展建议.     

山西省沁源县“3·29”森林火灾突发事件应急处置及启示

本文以2019年3月29日山西省沁源县王陶村突发森林火灾为例,从事件火灾发生背景、林火扑救过程、气象应急保障、事件处置管理、起火原因调查等方面进行了分析,从多个角度总结了本次突发事件应急处置中气象与森林消防等多部门联合作战及带来的启示,为研究复杂困难局面下的森林火灾应急处置工作提供了依据。     

Phytosociological characteristics and diversity of trees in a comanaged protected area of Bangladesh: Implications for conservation

ABSTRACT

The Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS), a degraded protected area in southeastern Bangladesh, had been under comanagement since 2004. This study examined phytosociological characteristics and diversity of trees in CWS and discussed villagers’ opinions on the impact of comanagement on forest conservation. Following a stratified and systematic sampling 140 circular plots, 17.84-m radius each, were laid out in seven forest beats for the assessment of phytosociological characteristics and tree diversity. Several key-informant interviews and 15 focus group discussions were held to explore the impact of comanagement on forest conservation and on villagers’ livelihood. A total of 93 tree species were identified having a diameter at breast height (dbh) of ≥ 5 cm in 36 plant families. The dominant species were Acacia auriculiformis, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Ficus hispida, and Tectona grandis. The average density of trees was 239 trees/ha of which 60% was composed of planted exotic species. Nearly 90% trees were belonging to 5- to 15-cm dbh class and the Shannon-Wiener index was 3.15. The comanagement governance had brought positive changes in forest conservation. However, to sustain the engagement of poor villagers in the comanagement and conservation of degraded CWS, more collective efforts are needed to support their living.     

松桃县林农股份合作制营林案例

为解决林地权属关系造成的森林管护矛盾,特别是森林被无情偷砍盗伐,民族社区结合市场运作规律,结合传统乡土知识中的村规民约,让社区充分参与林地管理,采用林农股份合作制,将企业、村寨领袖、村民有机组织起来,有效地管护森林.     

Comanaged Forests in West Bengal

Abstract

The forests of West Bengal have recently come under a comanagement initiative called Joint Forest Management. This paper will examine changing forestry regimes in southern West Bengal since the 1930s to suggest that the redefinition of forest management in the region since the mid 1980s cannot adequately be explained in terms of property rights. The nature of village community, overlapping jurisdictions of different agencies and groups in forest management, and the nature of expertise qualifying the scope of jurisdictions-that of foresters and villagers-are intersecting issues that have to be analyzed to understand the institutional politics of comanaging natural resources worldwide.     

爱沙尼亚林业发展现状及对中国的启示

随着经济社会的发展,林业的作用越来越重要。全面了解爱沙尼亚林业发展的实践和经验,可为我国林业建设提供借鉴。文中研究分析了爱沙尼亚森林资源、林业政策法规、林业机构和管理体制、国有林和私有林管理、自然保护区和森林公园、生物多样性保护、林产品贸易、林业科研教育现状,概述了其林业发展特点并提出对我国林业发展的启示:1）制定和完善林业相关的法律法规,发挥林业规划的引导作用,实行分类补贴政策;2）建立完备的森林认证体系,提高森林经营技术水平和管理手段,合理保护和利用各类森林资源;3）促使科研教育与森林文化相结合,通过森林户外教育和体验,树立人们尊重自然、顺应自然和保护自然的理念;4）加强森林公园建设,探索建立国家公园体制。     

美国引导林农参与碳市场的经验及启示

林农参与林业碳汇项目对提高其生计能力和收入以及应对气候变化具有重要意义.文中主要以美国家庭林主为研究对象,简要介绍其参与碳市场的背景、美国碳市场关于林业项目的规定以及美国引导家庭林主参与碳市场的经验,针对我国林农参与碳市场遇到的障碍,提出如下建议:1)合理制定碳汇交易规则,保障林业碳汇项目有序开展;2)完善中介服务体系...     

The Importance of Social Learning for the Development of Community Based Forest Management in Indonesia: The Case of Community Forestry in Lampung Province

Community-based forest management is unlikely to be sustainable without a process of social learning between the internal and external actors. This situation is evident in West Lampung District in Lampung Province, Indonesia. This research assessed the processes and outcomes of social learning within three villages (i.e. Villages A, B and C) in West Lampung District that were engaged in a community forestry (CF) program. The data was gathered through questionnaire and interview which then analyzed with Likert Scale. The CF program outcomes were different in each village. Village A had the highest scores for facilitation, egalitarian atmosphere, repeated meetings, and diverse participation. This has resulted in a high level of community involvement in the CF program. In particular, the high level of facilitation by external actors such as training programs, and marketing information and funding has resulted in the community having a good knowledge of CF and the associated socioeconomic development programs available to them. Village B has highest score for multiple sources of knowledge variable. Due to the existing egalitarian atmosphere, each stakeholder in Village A can openly express their opinion without any hesitation, particularly between men and women. Meanwhile, the other sub variables of existing egalitarian atmosphere were scored the same for Village A, B, and C, such as the balances between old and young people as well as rich and poor people. In general, the implemented social learning has a greater positive effect on the livelihoods of CF group members in Village A compared to Villages B and C.     

Forest management and conservation before and after the introduction of village participatory land use plans in the Kilosa district REDD+ initiative,Tanzania

The use of Village Participatory Land Use Plan (VPLUP) model as a natural resource management and conservation tool has been growing recently. This study examined the premise under which VPLUPs implementation can enhance the management and conservation of Village Land Forest Reserves (VLFRs) in the context of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus (REDD+) initiative in the Kilosa district of Tanzania. A mixed method research design, which integrates participatory community mapping (PCM), focus group discussions (FGDs), key informants interviews (KIIs), direct observations, and household interviews were used in data collection. The results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) improvements in forest management and conservation indicators after VPLUPs implementation, and increase in the management and conservation activities carried out by the community after the implementation of VPLUPs. There was also a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in almost all uses of the forest after the implementation of VPLUPs. The findings provide evidence that the VPLUP model has potential for enhancing the management and conservation of forests in the context of REDD+ strategy. Thus, it is argued that VPLUP can be used as a forest management and conservation tool to facilitate the implementation of the REDD+ initiatives.     

森林资源管理信息系统的应用研究

运用地理信息系统 (GIS)技术 ,以辽宁省铁岭县白旗寨乡夹河厂村为研究试验点 ,借助于 1∶10 0 0 0基本图 (地形图 )及 2 0 0 1年森林资源二类调查数据、遥感卫星图像等不同信息源 ,探讨了建立夹河厂村森林资源管理信息系统平台技术 ;实现了对夹河厂村森林资源专题图制作、各类数据统计分析以及地形三维立体展示 ;实现了森林资源的信息化管理     

祁阳县生态公益林建设与管理现状及对策

简述了祁阳县生态公益林建设与管理的现状,剖析了新时期发挥生态公益林的生态、社会效益与提高林农收入的矛盾,分析了生态公益林建设与管理中存在的问题,提出了实现生态公益林生态、社会效益与提高林农经营收入的措施.