Relationship Between Net Photosynthetic Rate of Cassava SC205 and Its Physio-ecological Factors

[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of SC205 were studied by LICOR-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors were studied by simple correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result] The curve of diurnal variation of Pn showed single peak at 10:00 am at 24.07 μ mol CO2m2/s, without showing midday depression; the diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta) and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) all showed single peak curves, and there were positive relationships of Pn with Gs, Tr, Tl, Ta and PAR. The diurnal variations of intercellular CO2concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2concentration(Ca), relative humidity(RH) showed in a U-shape curve. There were highly significant positive correlation of Pn with Gs and PAR; the diurnal variation of Pn had highly significant negative correlations with Ci and Ca. The direct impact of physiological factors on Pn was as follows: CiGsTlTr, and the direct impact of ecological factors was RH PAR Ca Ta. [Conclusion] The research showed that Ci, Gs and Tr play very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors, and PAR and Ca affect the changes of Pn among the ecological factors.     

超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

超高产杂交稻组合C两优H255叶片光合速率及影响因素的分析(英文)

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and influencing factors in super high-yield combination C Liangyou H255. [Method] The photosynthetic characteristics were measured at a hot and muggy day under natural conditions. [Result] A respective single peak at 11:30 was observed in diurnal variation curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate(Tr). Correlation analysis shows that Pn presents an extremely significant correlation with photon flux densities (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation,in comparison assumes a significant correlation either with stomatal conductance(Gs) or with ambient CO2 concentration (Ca). [Conclusion] Gs followed by PFD presented most influence on Pn of super high-yield combination C Liangyou H255.     

Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Related Influencing Factors in Super High-yield Combination C Liangyou H255

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and influencing factors in super high-yield combination C Liangyou H255. [Method] The photosynthetic characteristics were measured at a hot and muggy day under natural conditions. [Result] A respective single peak at 11:30 was observed in diurnal variation curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate(Tr). Correlation analysis shows that Pn presents an extremely significant correlation with photon flux densities (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation,in comparison assumes a significant correlation either with stomatal conductance(Gs) or with ambient CO2 concentration (Ca). [Conclusion] Gs followed by PFD presented most influence on Pn of super high-yield combination C Liangyou H255.     

Study on Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance Characteristics of C3 and C4 Plant

The transpiration experiment was done under greenhouse conditions with a C3 plant sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum Linn.） and two C4 plants, sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.Moench） and maize （Zea mays Linn.）. Three species were irrigated with three different water treatment levels of 100%, 66% and 33% which gave a comparison of tolerance and adaptation to irrigation and two different levels of water stress. The measurements of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were done between 8.00 a.m. and 16.00 p.m. with measurements about each 1.5 h with an infrared gas analyzer. The results showed that Z. mays probably due to a higher leaf area had very low values and was significantly different （LSD pairwise comparison） from C. annuum and S. bicolor. The hypotheses that C4 plants and C3 plants have different transpiration rates and stomatal conductance could not be shown with the results. However, the hypotheses that for the same species, the highest values in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were with the 100% irrigation treatment and the lowest values were with the 33% irrigation treatment could be accepted due to the results of this trial.     

4种类型茅苍术生长的比较（英文）

[Objective] The research aimed to compare the photosynthetic rates and growth conditions of four types of Atractylodes Lancea(Thunb.)DC..[Method] A.Lancea was divided into four types:the saw-tooth-leaf,the ellipse-leaf,the long-ellipse-leaf as well as the sharp-leaf,according to leaf morphology.The photosynthetic rates of four types of A.Lancea were determined by the portable photosynthetic instrument LI-6400 in natural environment.The parameters such as stem width,stem height,leaf area of single plant of aboveground parts were measured periodically.[Result] The photosynthetic rates of four types of A.Lancea were:the saw-tooth-leaf 20.2 μmol/(m2·s),the ellipse-leaf 18.96 μmol/(m2·s),the long-ellipse-leaf 15.6 μmol/(m2·s)and the sharp-leaf 17.6 μmol/(m2·s),respectively.The photosynthetic rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was higher than the other three types.The growth rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was the highest in the four types at 0.01 level.[Conclusion] The research provided certain theoretic basis for further research on A.Lancea.     

A Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Dryopteris fragrans and Associated Plants in Wudalianchi City,Heilongjiang Province,China

While comparing photosynthetic characteristics of Dryopteris fragrans(L.)Schott to those of several commonly associated plants in its native community,coordination between D.fragrans and its environment was observed.The diurnal net photosynthetic rate(Pn)varied dramatically for all the plants studied.D.fragrans,Woodsia ilvensis and Urtica angustifolia all exhibited unimodal type Pn variation,with low Pn,weak photosynthetic capacity,and dramatic maximal photosynthesis(Pmax)changes.When compared to values for its associated plants,D.fragrans values were of intermediate level,indicating difficulty in adapting to its environment. Moreover,the nitrate reductase activity of D.fragrans was higher than that of only one species,Artemisia gmelinii.With increasing leaf maturity and chlorophyll content,D.fragrans exhibited declining LCP(light compensation point)and a relatively low LSP(light saturation point).Because of its overall relatively weak photosynthetic capacity,D.fragrans exhibited narrow ecological amplitude with respect to light adaptation.     

In situ measurements of winter wheat diurnal changes in photosynthesis and environmental factors reveal new insight into photosynthesis improvement by super-high-yield cultivation

In past 30 years, the wheat yield per unit area of China has increased by 79%. The super-high-yield(SH) cultivation played an important role in improving the wheat photosynthesis and yield. In order to find the ecophysiological mechanism underneath the high photosynthesis of SH cultivation, in situ diurnal changes in the photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence of field-grown wheat plants during the grain-filling stage and environmental factors were investigated. During the late grain-filling stage at 24 days after anthesis(DAA), the diurnal changes in net CO_2 assimilation rate were higher under SH treatment than under high-yield(H) treatment. From 8 to 24 DAA, the actual quantum yield of photosystem II(PSII) electron transport in the light-adapted state(ΦPSII) in the flag leaves at noon under SH treatment were significantly higher than those under H treatment. The leaf temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture were better suited for higher rates of leaf photosynthesis under SH treatment than those under H treatment at noon. Such diurnal changes in environmental factors in wheat fields could be one of the mechanisms for the higher biomass and yield under SH cultivation than those under H cultivation. ΦPSII and CO_2 exchange rate in wheat flag leaves under SH and H treatments had a linear correlation which could provide new insight to evaluate the wheat photosynthesis performance under different conditions.     

白草光合蒸腾日变化及其与气象因子的关系

[目的]探讨气象因子对白草光合生理特性的影响。[方法]以生长良好的白草植株的健康叶片为材料,采用Li-6400便携式光合系统仪对其进行活体测定,研究白草光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化及其与气象因子的关系。[结果]白草为C4植物,无光合午休现象,其光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化均为单峰曲线,光合速率最高值出现在12：00,蒸腾速率最高值出现在14：00;白草的净光合速率与光照强度呈极显著正相关,而与相对湿度、气温及叶温的相关性不显著;白草蒸腾速率与气温及叶温呈显著正相关,与光强呈极显著正相关,而与相对湿度呈显著负相关。[结论]白草的最佳浇水时间为1d中的10：00和18：00。     

不同栽培密度对猫爪草果期光合蒸腾特性的影响

在不同栽培密度条件下,利用CI-340便携式光合系统,对猫爪草果期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及相关的生理因子(叶温、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度)和生态因子(光合有效辐射、大气CO2浓度、气温、大气相对湿度)进行了测定分析,结果表明,随着密度的增加,净光合速率和气孔导度先缓慢增加后显著降低,蒸腾速率呈现高-低-高趋势,胞间CO2浓度随密度增加显著升高。经过相关性分析,影响猫爪草光合蒸腾特性的主要因子为大气相对湿度(RH)、大气CO2浓度(Ca)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶温(Tl)。在高密度条件下非气孔因素影响净光合速率(Pn)的变化,在中低栽培密度条件下,气孔因素影响净光合速率(Pn)的变化。     

保水剂对烤烟光合特性日变化的影响

【目的】探讨保水剂对烤烟光合特性的影响,在保水剂不同施用量条件下,对烤烟净光合速率及其生理生态因子日变化进行研究。【方法】利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统测定烤烟光合指标日变化,并采用Excel2007和SPSS13.0对试验数据进行方差分析、相关分析和通径分析。【结果】4个处理的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化均为单峰曲线,峰值多出现在9:00或11:00,没有"午休现象";随保水剂施用量的增加,烟叶的光合能力总体上逐渐增强;未施保水剂的烟株净光合速率主要受蒸腾速率和大气相对湿度的影响,施用保水剂的烟株净光合速率主要受气孔导度和大气相对湿度的影响。【结论】保水剂可以增强烟叶的光合能力;4个处理以保水剂施用量为45kg.hm-2的光合能力最强;延边雨季为土壤提供了充足的水分,这是烤烟成熟期没有"午休"现象的主要原因;保水剂主要是通过调节烟叶的气孔导度,进而影响其净光合速率。     

玄参光合日变化特征的研究

[目的]研究玄参净光合速率的日变化特性,为玄参栽培提供参考。[方法]利用Li-6400便携式光合作用系统测定不同时段、不同光合有效辐射下的净光合速率,以及环境因子对光合速率日变化的影响。[结果]玄参的光响应曲线为一单峰曲线,玄参光饱和点为1 624μmol/(m2.s);光补偿点为21.16μmol/(m2.s)。净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,有典型的"午休"现象。经相关性分析,净光合速率与光合有效辐射、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、温度之间呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关,与相对湿度的相关性不显著。[结论]玄参为阳生植物,气孔导度、光合有效辐射和蒸腾速率是影响玄参叶片净光合速率的主要环境因子。     

日光温室杏叶片净光合速率与相关因子灰色关联分析

对在日光温室条件下,测定的金太阳杏叶片净光合速率与其相关因子(大气CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气温、叶温、光合有效辐射、相对湿度等)的数据,进行了灰色关联度分析,结果表明,在日光温室栽培条件下,影响金太阳杏叶片净光合速率的主导因子是光合有效辐射和蒸腾速率,其次是大气温度和相对湿度,大气CO2浓度影响相对较小.     

遮阴对不同大小种球大百合生长与光合特性的影响

[目的]研究不同程度遮阴对不同种球大小的野生大百合（Cardiocrinum gigartteum）生长发育和光合特性的影响,探讨野生大百合的引种驯化机制。[方法]将不同大小野生大百合按周径等级分类进行不同程度（0、45％、70％）的遮阴处理,处理13d后进行各植株株高、叶片数的测量。处理46d时进行光合指标如净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO2：浓度（ci）、气孔导度（G3）的测定并同步测定光合有效辐射（paR）及叶温（ti）。[结果]在45％遮阴处理下大百合具有较高的相对生长率、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,胞问co,浓度较低。70％遮阴处理下大百合生理特性普遍优于全光照,但过度遮阴使光合速率降低,不利于其生长。此外,种球周径越大的大百合生长发育及生理特性相对更优。因此,生产上应用周径相对大的种球和适当调控光照强度,是大百合引种驯化的重要措施。[结论]该研究可以为大百合在城市园林中的应用提供理论依据。     

滨海木麻黄林下3种乡土树种苗木的生长及其影响因素

[目的]研究海南3种乡土树种肖槿（Thespesia lampas）、海棠果（Calophyllum inophyllum）、莲叶桐（Hernandia sonora）在海岸木麻黄林下的生长状况及与环境因子的关系。[方法]对定植肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐植株的滨海沙土进行了添加木屑、蔗渣及空白对照处理,分析定植1年后3种乡土树种的生长状况。[结果]①1年的生长期后,各树种生长指标表现为存活率肖槿〉莲叶桐〉海棠果、基径净增长量莲叶桐〉肖槿〉海棠果、株高净增长量肖槿〉海棠果〉莲叶桐。肖槿和海棠果存活率差异极显著,海棠果和莲叶桐的存活率差异也达显著水平,而肖槿和莲叶桐的存活率差异不显著;肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐株高1年净增长量均达到极显著差异,基径净增长量只有肖槿和海棠果的差异显著。②不同土壤处理下,添加木屑、蔗渣处理的肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐存活率大于对照处理,且添加木屑与添加蔗渣的肖槿存活率与对照处理间的差异均达到显著水平,而添加木屑和蔗渣这2种处理间的差异不显著。③3种苗木生长指标与环境因子都有一定的相关性（｜r｜〉0.3）,其中肖槿存活率与土壤pH值、土壤水分相关性较高,基径、株高与土壤pH值、土壤温度有一定的相关性;海棠果存活率与土壤pH值、土壤温度、光照强度相关性均较高,基径、株高都与土壤温度有一定的相关性;莲叶桐存活率与土壤盐度、土壤温度相关性均较高,基径、株高都与土壤温度有一定的相关性。肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐的基径与株高的相关性均较高（r〉0.5）,且均达显著水平。[结论]在木麻黄林下1年生长期内,肖槿苗木生长状况最好,是与木麻黄混交最有潜力的树种。     

外源酚酸对铝处理下桉树幼苗叶片解剖结构与光合特征的影响

[目的]研究外源酚酸对铝处理下桉树幼苗叶片解剖结构与光合特征的影响。[方法]采用砂土培育法研究5种外源酚酸(对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸、肉桂酸)对铝处理(120 mg/L,pH 4.0)下桉树幼苗叶片光合特征和解剖结构的变化影响,酚酸浓度皆为100 mg/L。[结果]经过铝处理对桉树幼苗光合作用产生抑制作用,对其叶片形态也产生较明显影响,表现为叶片各组织厚度减薄,栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比(P/I)、组织紧实度(CTR)增加,组织疏松度(SR)降低,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量下降。同时进行酚酸处理的桉树幼苗中,苯甲酸处理的净光合速率、蒸腾速率显著上升,香草酸处理蒸腾速率显著上升,对羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸处理叶绿素含量显著增加。[结论]4种酚酸处理叶片厚度虽有减少,但SR显著增加,表明叶片组织水分有所增加,对铝离子造成的伤害表现出一定程度的缓解作用,其中苯甲酸处理的缓解作用更为直接、明显。而肉桂酸处理净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、叶片组织厚度对比铝处理幼苗进一步降低,表明其加深了铝离子的伤害,没有表现出缓解作用。     

滨海木麻黄林下3种乡土树种苗木的生长及其影响因素（摘要）

[目的]研究海南3种乡土树种肖槿（Thespesia lampas）、海棠果（Calophyllum inophyllum）、莲叶桐（Hernandia sonora）在海岸木麻黄林下的生长状况及其环境因子的关系。[方法]定植肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐植株的滨海沙土进行了添加木屑、蔗渣及空白对照处理,分析定植1年后3种乡土树种的生长状况。[结果]1年的生长期后,各树种生长指标表现为存活率肖槿〉莲叶桐〉海棠果、基径净增长量莲叶桐〉肖槿〉海棠果、株高净增长量肖槿〉海棠果〉莲叶桐。肖槿和海棠果存活率差异极显著,海棠果和莲叶桐的存活率差异也达到显著,而肖槿和莲叶桐的存活率差异不显著;肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐株高1年净增长量均达到极显著差异,基径净增长量只有肖槿和海棠果的差异显著。②不同土壤处理下,添加木屑、蔗渣处理的肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐存活率大于对照处理,且添加木屑与添加蔗渣的肖槿存活率与对照处理间的差异均达到显著水平,而添加木屑和蔗渣这2种处理间的差异不显著。③3种苗木生长指标与环境因子都有一定的相关性（｜r｜〉0.3）,其中肖槿存活率与土壤pH值、土壤水分相关性较高,基径、株高与土壤pH值、土壤温度有一定的相关性;海棠果存活率与土壤pH值、土壤温度、光照强度相关性均较高,基径、株高都与土壤温度有一定的相关性;莲叶桐存活率与土壤盐度、土壤温度相关性均较高,基径、株高与都与土壤温度有一定的相关性。肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐的基径与株高的相关性均较高（r〉0.5）,且都达到显著水平。[结论]在木麻黄林下1年生长期内,肖槿苗木生长状况最好,是与木麻黄混交最有潜力的树种。     

短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响（摘要）

[目的]研究短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响。[方法]选取在宁夏广泛种植的粉用马铃薯陇薯3号为试材,分析短期高温条件下不同生育期其气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、叶室内外CO2浓度差、净光合速率（Pn）以及叶片光合水分利用效率（WUE）的变化。[结果]出苗期高温胁迫下的马铃薯净光合速率和叶室内外CO2浓度差均出现滞后性,而气孔导度和蒸腾速率的变化趋势与常温下相一致,但数值均高于常温下;其中对净光合速率影响最大的因子是叶室内外CO2浓度差。分枝期高温胁迫下净光合速率、叶室内外CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率虽然变化趋势与常温下相近,但是均在中午出现一次突变,达到峰值,而水分利用率变化与常温下基本一致;其中对净光合速率影响最大的因子也是叶室内外CO2浓度差,其次是蒸腾速率。[结论]高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用均有影响,且分枝期大于出苗期,其中叶室内外CO2浓度差是对净光合速率影响最大的因子。