人参挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的用索氏提取法乙醚提取人参挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析,确定化学成分的种类及相对含量。方法采用乙醚为溶剂用索氏提取法提取人参中的挥发油(即人参的脂溶性成分),用面积归一化法测定各组分的体积分数,并采取气质联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行鉴定及含量测定。结果鉴定了71个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯、挥发油。结论乙醚提取人参,得到的化合物经知网、万方数据库查询,在人参挥发油中未见报道的有23种。     

人参苷-Rh_2的研究进展

本文报道有关人参苷-Rh_2研究的新进展,其中包括提取、分离;化学修饰;半合成的制备方法,以及生理活性与构效关系等方面内容。以期达到更加深入研究,创制低毒高效天然化合物抗癌新药为目的。     

人参中微量成分的研究进展

本文概述了人参中微量成分一聚乙炔醇类、酚类、特殊氨基酸类、肽类、酶类、含氮化合物、膦脂、木脂素类、有机酸、维生素以及甾醇等方面的研究成果,参考文献49篇。     

不同方法提取冷冻人参脂溶性成分的比较研究

目的三种方法(超临界CO_2萃取,6~#溶剂油索氏提取,水蒸气蒸馏)提取冷冻人参脂溶性成分并测定其含量。方法分别用超临界CO_2萃取、6~#溶剂油索氏提取和水蒸气蒸馏法提取人参脂溶性成分。提取物用气相色谱--质谱(GC-MS)法进行鉴定分析。用面积归一法测定各成分相对含量。结果超临界CO_2萃取法获得44个化合物,6~#溶剂油提取法获得75个化合物,水蒸气蒸馏法获得42个化合物。经知网、万方数据库查询,未见报道的化合物共有79种。结论三种方法均能获得部分人参脂溶性成分,但化合物种类不尽相同,提取物的深入研究正在进行中。     

环翠楼高丽红参中有效成分的分离鉴定

目的对环翠楼高丽红参进行化学成分研究。方法利用D101大孔树脂吸附-低压硅胶干柱层析对环翠楼高丽红参醇提液进行分离,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果从环翠楼高丽红参中分离得到二个化合物,经核磁、质谱、紫外和红外光谱法鉴定为人参皂苷-Rh2,人参皂苷-Rg3。结论人参皂苷-Rh2,人参皂苷-Rg3是高丽红参中特有的抗癌有效成分。     

人参四逆汤中化合物H对正常及休克大鼠血压等的作用

本实验观察了从人参四逆汤中分离提取的化合物H对正常及休克大鼠血压、心电图及心率的影响，结果表明，化合物H按0.05g/kg、0.1g/kg剂量给药对正常大鼠血压有增加趋势，对失血性休克大鼠具有明显升压作用，但引起血压变化的同时未引起心率的改变。     

中国雪参化学成份的研究——人参甙的分离和鉴定

从中国雪参中分离得到四种化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ。经理化常数测定,水解及光谱分析,分别确定为人参皂甙Rg_2(Ⅰ)、Rg_1(Ⅱ)、Re(Ⅲ),Rb_1(Ⅳ)。四种化合物均为首次从中国雪参中分离得到。     

人参的新成分、新活性和质量规范化研究

人参为五加科 (Ａｒａｌｉａｃｅａｅ)人参属植物 ,主要分布在我国东北地区。人参具有多方面的药理作用 ,是传统的名贵中药之一。我们对人参进行了植物化学 ,皂苷的碱降解 ,半合成 ,质量标准 ,部分皂苷的代谢化学、药理学和构效关系等多方面的系统研究 ,先后完成了五个国家课题。对人参根、根茎、茎叶及花的化学成分进行分析 ,得到 4 6个化合物 ,发现了 17种新化合物 ,其中 16种属新人参皂苷类。在新发现的人参皂苷中 ,有的含有特殊的结构母核 ,如人参皂苷 -Ｌａ和人参皂苷 -Ｒｈ9有一七元醚环并合在母核的ＣＤ环上 ,有的具有较强的抗癌活性…     

人参皂苷Rb3的研究进展

人参皂苷Rb3是存在于三七、西洋参以及人参中的一种达玛烷型四环三萜类化合物,具有脑损伤保护、钙离子通道阻滞、抗惊厥等作用,本文主要就人参皂苷Rb3的药理作用进行综述,展望了人参皂苷Rb3可能存在的药理活性。     

超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的 用超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分,分析并测定提取物的主要成分和含量.方法 用超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分.提取物用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)联用法进行分析鉴定.使用面积归一法测定各成分相对含量.结果鉴定了44个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯(34)、挥发油.结论用超临界萃取人参,可以较好的获得其脂溶性成分.     

Marine Antimalarials

Malaria is an infectious disease causing at least 1 million deaths per year, and, unfortunately, the chemical entities available to treat malaria are still too limited. In this review we highlight the contribution of marine chemistry in the field of antimalarial research by reporting the most important results obtained until the beginning of 2009, with particular emphasis on recent discoveries. About 60 secondary metabolites produced by marine organisms have been grouped into three structural types and discussed in terms of their reported antimalarial activities. The major groups of metabolites include isonitrile derivatives, alkaloids and endoperoxide derivatives. The following discussion evidences that antimalarial marine molecules can efficiently integrate the panel of lead compounds isolated from terrestrial sources with new chemical backbones and, sometimes, with unique functional groups.     

An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins

In recent years, the medicinal potential of marine organisms has attracted increasing attention. This is due to their immense diversity and adaptation to unique ecological niches that has led to vast physiological and biochemical diversification. Among these organisms, marine calcifiers are an abundant source of novel proteins and chemical entities that can be used for drug discovery. Studies of the skeletal organic matrix proteins of marine calcifiers have focused on biomedical applications such as the identification of growth inducing proteins that can be used for bone regeneration, for example, 2/4 bone morphogenic proteins (BMP). Although a few reports on the functions of proteins derived from marine calcifiers can be found in the literature, marine calcifiers themselves remain an untapped source of proteins for the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. Following an overview of the current knowledge of skeletal organic matrix proteins from marine calcifiers, this review will focus on various aspects of marine skeletal protein research including sources, biosynthesis, structures, and possible strategies for chemical or physical modification. Special attention will be given to potential medical applications and recent discoveries of skeletal proteins and polysaccharides with biologically appealing characteristics. In addition, I will introduce an effective protocol for sample preparation and protein purification that includes isolation technology for biopolymers (of both soluble and insoluble organic matrices) from coralline algae. These algae are a widespread but poorly studied group of shallow marine calcifiers that have great potential for marine drug discovery.     

Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview

Marine ingredients are a source of new chemical entities with biological action, which is the reason why they have gained relevance in the cosmetic industry. The facial care category is the most relevant in this industry, and within it, the sensitive skin segment occupies a prominent position. This work analyzed the use of marine ingredients in 88 facial cosmetics for sensitive skin from multinational brands, as well as their composition and the scientific evidence that supports their efficacy. Marine ingredients were used in 27% of the cosmetic products for sensitive skin and included the species Laminaria ochroleuca, Ascophyllum nodosum (brown macroalgae), Asparagopsis armata (red macroalgae), and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae). Carotenoids, polysaccharides, and lipids are the chemical classes highlighted in these preparations. Two ingredients, namely the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and Asparagopsis armata extracts, present clinical evidence supporting their use for sensitive skin. Overall, marine ingredients used in cosmetics for sensitive skin are proposed to reduce skin inflammation and improve the barrier function. Marine-derived preparations constitute promising active ingredients for sensitive skin cosmetic products. Their in-depth study, focusing on the extracted metabolites, randomized placebo-controlled studies including volunteers with sensitive skin, and the use of extraction methods that are more profitable may provide a great opportunity for the cosmetic industry.     

Natural Polypropionates in 1999–2020: An Overview of Chemical and Biological Diversity

Natural polypropionates (PPs) are a large subgroup of polyketides with diverse structural features and bioactivities. Most of the PPs are discovered from marine organisms including mollusks, fungi and actinomycetes, while some of them are also isolated from terrestrial resources. An increasing number of studies about PPs have been carried out in the past two decades and an updated review is needed. In this current review, we summarize the chemical structures and biological activities of 164 natural PPs reported in 67 research papers from 1999 to 2020. The isolation, structural features and bioactivities of these PPs are discussed in detail. The chemical diversity, bioactive diversity, biodiversity and the relationship between chemical classes and the bioactivities are also concluded.     

Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called “treasure of untouched or underexploited sources”. Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.     

Effects of colour on the aversions of starlings and house sparrows to five chemical repellents

Captive starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were given choices between untreated turkey crumbs, and similar food treated with one of five chemical repellents (quinine sulphate, methiocarb, dinol sulphite, TS-69 and tannic acid), with or without the addition of a blue dye. All birds avoided the treated food to about the same extent, although starlings showed greater aversion to tannic acid when it was coloured. Sparrows developed aversions to tannic acid and TS-69 more quickly if the food was coloured than if it were not. Birds of both species avoided the blue-colured food even when it was not paired with a repellent; this prevented measurements of the persistence of colour aversions once the repellents were omitted. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the use of added colour cues to enhance the effects of chemical repellents to protect crops from bird pests.     

人参、西洋参鉴别研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对人参、西洋参鉴别研究概况,从性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化学鉴别、分子鉴别等方面进行了系统的介绍,并提出了对未来研究的展望。     

Asterosaponins: Structures,Taxonomic Distribution,Biogenesis and Biological Activities

Asterosaponins are a class of steroid oligoglycosides isolated from starfish with characteristic structures and diverse biological activities. In this review, we have attempted to combine the most important data concerning asterosaponins and give a list of these secondary metabolites with their structural peculiarities. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief but as complete as possible principal information about their chemical structures, taxonomic distribution in the marine environment, distribution in different geographical areas and depths, some properties, biological activities, and functions. Some other rare steroid metabolites from starfish, closely related in structures and probably biogenesis to asterosaponins, are also discussed.     

盐生植物做除虫杀菌剂应用展望

盐生植物做除虫杀菌剂,用于生产绿色食品,解决农药在植物体内的残留问题,使人们重新认识植物源除虫杀菌剂的作用。重点阐述了可用于除虫杀菌的盐生植物的种类和性能,盐生植物除虫杀菌剂的制作及使用方法。面对在农产品贸易中苛刻的农药残留标准,使用植物源农药,减少化学农药的施用量,生产绿色无公害食品,盐生植物具有极大的潜在威力。