蓝莓茎段无性快繁技术研究

以蓝莓茎段作为外植体,通过组织培养技术研究筛选出最适宜蓝莓无性快繁的诱导培养基、继代培养基和生根培养基。结果表明:蓝莓最合适诱导培养基为改良WPM+ZT 2.0mg/L,诱导率达到了57.5%;最适宜的继代培养基为改良WPM+ZT 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,继代增殖倍数达到3.65;经1/2WPM+IBA 0.2 mg/L培养基处理移栽的组培苗成活率最高,达到了82.5%。     

兔眼蓝莓‘顶峰’的离体快繁技术研究

以兔眼蓝莓‘顶峰’的带芽茎段为外植体,研究了腋芽诱导、增殖、生根和出瓶移栽的最佳培养条件,建立了‘顶峰’的离体快繁技术体系。结果表明:适宜芽诱导的培养基为WPM+ZT0.5mg/L;适宜苗增殖的培养基为WPM+ZT 1mg/L;适宜组培苗生根的培养基为WPM+ZT1.0mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L。在生根培养基中用河沙代替琼脂粉固定植株,易于清洗出瓶苗根系上粘附的培养液,避免损伤不定根系,60d后组培苗的移栽成活率达80%。     

美登蓝莓试管苗瓶内快速生根试验

以蓝莓品种美登的无根试管苗为试材,脱脂棉为支持物,添加1/2 WPM及不同浓度的IBA、NAA和蔗糖为培养基,对试管苗的瓶内生根效果进行研究。结果表明,美登蓝莓无根试管苗在以脱脂棉为支持物,添加1/2 WPM、2.0 mg/L IBA、0.2 mg/L NAA和20 g/L蔗糖的培养基中,培养10天后即可生根,生根率达100.0%,20天后即可达到移栽要求。此方法是一种适宜蓝莓试管苗瓶内快速生根的有效方法。     

蓝莓品种都克组培苗瓶内生根培养研究

以蓝莓品种都克组培苗为试材,研究不同培养条件对组培苗瓶内生根的影响。结果表明,蓝莓组培苗在以1/2WPM为基本培养基,添加0.5 mg/L IBA+80 mg/L香蕉泥,经过14天的暗培养后,转至(25±1)℃、光照时间16 h/天、光照强度为2 000 lx的条件下,培养至70天的生根率可达95.2%。1/2WPM培养基中IBA和香蕉泥联合应用极大地提高了蓝莓组培苗的生根率,解决了其生根难问题,且苗粗壮、长势好,利于移栽和推广。     

长白山笃斯越桔优良单株组培快繁技术的研究

以长白山笃斯越桔优良单株的茎尖、茎段为外植体,对其组培快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明:笃斯越桔的幼芽分化适宜的启动培养基为WPM+ZT 2.0mg/L;增殖培养基为改良MS+ZT 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.15mg/L,继代培养30d后的增殖倍数可达5.3倍;适宜的生根培养基为1/4改良MS+IBA 0.5mg/L,培养50d后的生根率可达80%。将笃斯越桔组培苗在纯沙子中练苗20d,将苗移栽至草炭土∶腐殖土为1∶2的基质中,组培苗移栽成活率达78%。     

牡丹石榴的组培快繁技术研究

取牡丹石榴春季嫩芽作外植体，进行离体快速繁殖，筛选出最佳增殖、生根培养基，确定了试管苗移栽的最佳基质。培养基MS＋BA0.7mg/L＋IBA 0.15mg/L为增殖生长的最佳培养基，增殖系数为5.7；培养基1/2 MS NAA 0.1mg/L对牡丹石榴试管苗生根培养较适合，生根率为91.4％；在塑料小拱棚中利用蛭石为移栽基质，移栽成活率可达86.7％。     

甜瓜组织培养及快繁技术研究＊

顶芽和带侧芽颈段是甜瓜DG-1品种离体快繁理想的外植体。在MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IAA0.2mg/L的诱导培养基上，外植体产生的不定芽数在4-8个之间；不定芽在MS 6-BA0.4mg/L IAA0.5mg/L的继代培养基进行增殖扩繁，繁殖系数为5.4；在添加6-BA0.4mg/L的培养基上，腋芽的萌发和生长效果最好。理想的试管苗生根培养基是MS NAA0.2mg/L，培养2周的生根率达100％，在蛭石：砂：土（1：1：1）的基质上假植炼苗，20天后即可移栽定植，成活率在90％以上。     

兔眼蓝莓“灿烂”组织培养与植株再生研究

以兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"(‘Britewell’)当年生带腋芽半木质化茎段为外植体,研究了不同培养基、激素对兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"植株再生的影响。结果表明:WPM为适宜基本培养基;WPM+(0.5～1.0)mg/L ZT组合是最适的初代幼芽诱导培养基,诱导率达86%以上;WPM+0.1mg/LTDZ+0.1mg/L IBA组合是较合适的增殖培养基,增殖率可达5.48,继代培养宜以较低浓度的TDZ(0.02mg/L和0.05mg/L)交替使用为好;1/2WPM+1.0mg/L 6-BA是较理想的生根培养基组合,有效生根率达63.2%。     

不同激素水平对蓝莓增殖的影响

选取生长旺盛的蓝莓幼嫩枝条作为外植体,以改良的WPM为基本培养基,研究了ZT和BA对不定芽的影响,以及细胞分裂素和生长素的组合对不定芽的影响。结果表明:以改良WPM为基本培养基添加ZT 1.5 mg/L,蔗糖20 g/L适合外植体的诱导和增殖,增殖倍数可达40倍以上。     

蓝莓组织培养工厂化育苗技术

以"斯巴坦"、"北陆"、"伯克利"3个蓝莓品种为试材,研究了外植体最佳灭菌时间、增殖培养基及生根培养基,并研究了瓶外最佳海澡素生根浓度。结果表明:"斯巴坦"外植体处理最佳灭菌时间为HgCl27min,灭菌效果好、伤芽少;蓝莓组培快繁以WPM为基本培养基,附加ZT0.5mg/L、IBA 0.1mg/L、GA30.5mg/L为最佳增殖培养基;1/2WPM+IBA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.15mg/L培养基生根效果最好;瓶外生根最佳海澡素浓度为667mg/L。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.