赴澳大利亚新西兰学习种草养畜经验报告

1998年11月14日至12月12日,笔者随国家外国专家局组织的赴澳大利亚、新西兰国家种草、养畜技术培训团,赴澳大利亚、新西兰,进行种草、养畜技术培训学习。现将在两国的学习见闻报告如下。1澳大利亚草地畜牧业澳大利亚位于南半球,面积768．23万km^2,人口1800多     

澳大利亚新西兰畜牧业考察随笔

种草养畜作为西部大开发生态治理和调整农业产业结构的重要内容,受到中央,各级政府和有关部门的高度重视.为配合西部大开发,让畜牧战线人士了解国外种草养畜的先进技术,更好地开展退耕还林还草工作,有效加快地方畜牧业发展.国家外专局特地组织云、贵、川、鄂四省草地技干和专家共26人,于2000年11月赴澳大利亚、新西兰进行为期28天的种草养畜技术培训和考查.现将本次考查情况和个人体会汇报如下,供广大畜牧工作者参考.     

浅谈山区人工草地建设与牧草栽培技术

在实施西部大开发战略中，退耕还林还草，保护和建设生态环境，发展草地畜牧业，调整农村产业结构，已纳入西部地区乃至贵州各级党委、政府的重要日程。黔西南州委、州政府把种草养畜发展草地畜牧业，作为调整农村产业结构的重要工程来实施，并制定了草地畜牧业发展规划，目标是：１０年建设人工草地４万hm２（公顷），改良草地２．６７万hm２，到２０１０年把黔西南建设成新西兰式的草地畜牧业大州。为了实现这一宏伟目标，州委、州政府２０００年５月１８日，把“种草养畜”作为黔西南实施西部大开发战略的重要项目之一正式启动，全州掀起…     

今年四川草业工作提出"四点要求八个意见"

四川省畜牧食品局局长屈坤宁同志在 3月 8日召开的全省草地工作会议上指出 ,去年四川省畜牧业面临前所未有的挑战 ,付出了前所未有的辛劳 ,取得了前所未有的成绩。特别是引草入田、立草为业 ,种草养畜为畜牧业的发展功不可没。屈局长希望今年我省草地工作要再上新台阶 ,为畜牧业挑起农民增收大梁再立头功 ,并对我省的草地工作提出四点要求 :一是审时度势 ,抓住西部大开发的机遇 ,找准退耕还草、调整结构这一切入点 ;二是调整畜牧业结构 ,大力发展种草养畜 ;三是全面规划 ,抓好牧草种子基地建设、推广牧草丰产栽培技术、牲畜杂交改良技术和牧…     

试论农区种草的意义

草是大自然留给人类的宝贵资源 ,农区种草则是一件比较新鲜的事。农区腾出一部分农田种植牧草 ,不仅是必要的 ,而且是可行的。因此 ,一些专家提出 ,到 2 0 10年 ,我国粮、经、饲的比例 ,宜达到 3∶1∶1,饲料作物种植为 2 6 6 7万ｈｍ2 ,无疑为牧草种植提供了有效的空间。概括起来 ,发展农区种草养畜 ,具有以下 8个方面的重要作用。1　符合世界发展规律和我国国情在世界草地畜牧业发达国家中 ,澳大利亚和新西兰有90 %以上的畜牧业产值是由牧草转化而来的。世界上许多国家 ,尤其是西方发达国家 ,对牧草在农业生产中的作用认识十分深刻。“无草…     

荷兰草业考察

新西兰是世界上畜牧业最发达的国家之一,他们的成功基于种草养畜,特别是白三叶草被誉为新西兰“绿色的金子”。1980年,李先念主席访问了新西兰,谈及引进牧草种子生产新技术事宜。以后在双方共同努力下,签定了引进新方牧草种子生产新技术的合作项目。1983年在贵州独山合建了一个牧草种子生产示范场。该场1986年10月已初具规模。荷兰也是世界上畜牧业最发达的国家之一,其成功同样基于种草养畜,他们则是推崇黑麦草,将黑麦     

对澳、新畜牧业的考察兼谈四川牧区畜牧业发展建议

最近,四川省畜牧食品局李昌平副局长随省委常委刘绍先同志对澳大利亚和新西兰两国的畜牧业进行了考察学习。现将李副局长的考察报告刊登于后,供大家借鉴参考。一、两国畜牧业的基本概况澳大利亚和新西兰都是南太平洋十分年轻的国家,但其畜牧业的发展速度之快,规模之大,效益之高,堪称世界一流。澳大利亚素称“骑在羊背上的国家”,新西兰被喻为“草地畜牧业王国”。两国畜牧业有许多共同之处:一是资源丰富。澳大利亚草地面积6708亿亩,人均387亩;新西兰213亿亩,人均63亩。据联合国粮农组织1997年公布,当年澳大利亚存栏黄牛2635万头,绵羊12333万…     

澳大利亚新西兰的草地畜牧业

澳大利亚新西兰的草地畜牧业＠阎万贵￥甘肃省畜牧局＠陈生元￥肃南县人民政府澳大利亚新西兰的草地畜牧业阎万贵（甘肃省畜牧局兰州７３００３０）陈生元（肃南县人民政府１基本情况澳大利亚和新西兰是自然资源丰富、草地畜牧业较发达的国家。澳大利亚约１７００万人,土地总面...     

浅析贵阳地区种草养畜存在的主要问题及对策

随着农村经济不断发展 ,草地畜牧业逐步成为农村经济发展新的增长点 ,同时也是促进农业结构调整的重要产业。近年来我市认真贯彻贵州省委、省政府作出建设畜牧大省的决定 ,草地畜牧业生产发展迅速 ,种草养畜新的观念越来越被广大农户接受。但在种草养畜禽 ,草地建设、草地利用方面 ,仍然存在传统落后的靠天养畜意识 ,缺乏商品意识 ,直接影响农户的养畜效益。近年来通过生产实践调研分析 ,我市在种草养畜生产方面存在草场建设的指导思想、科学种草、科学管草、科学用草、种草养畜经营管理五个方面的问题。本文针对我市种草养畜生产实际出发 ,…     

贵州省织金县成片草地综合开发技术的研究

“贵州省织金县成片草地综合开发技术的研究”课题以草地农业的理论为指导，以建立稳态草地畜牧业生态系统为目标，对成片草地的开发实行“以牧为主，以草兴牧兴农，农林牧综合开发”的方针，研究了种草养畜的技术问题，找到了建立农民承包草地养畜专业户、开发成片草地的形式，研究了专业户的适当规模、国家投资和技术管理等问题。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.