辽宁绒山羊细管冻精推广模式

辽宁绒山羊是我国优秀的产绒山羊品种。近年来，全国各地纷纷引进辽宁绒山羊优质种羊，但由于优质的种羊数量有限，远远不能满足市场的需求。在这种形势下，推广辽宁绒山羊细管冻精是弥补辽宁绒山羊种羊数量缺口的切实可行的有效办法。同时，优质冻精的推广还可以降低绒山羊养殖户的改良成本，加快改良进度，提高改良效果，增加辽宁绒山羊养殖的经济效益。从2005～2008年，共推广辽宁绒山羊优质细管冻精近20万剂，改良低产绒山羊10万只以上，创造社会效益近亿元，有力地促进了绒山羊产业的结构调整和产业升级，带动了大批农牧民的增收致富。这一改良成绩主要得益于辽宁省辽宁绒山羊育种中心采取的有关辽宁绒山羊细管冻精推广模式的有效落实。     

米尼图冻精设备在辽宁绒山羊0.25 ml细管冷冻精液生产中的应用

2005年,辽宁省辽宁绒山羊育种中心引进了世界先进的德国米尼图0．25ml细管冷冻精液成套生产设备,进行辽宁绒山羊0．25ml细管冷冻精液工厂化生产。笔者亲历了设备引进、安装、调试、试生产,直至现在工厂化生产。应用米尼图冻精设备对辽宁绒山羊0．25ml细管冷冻精液的质量有明显的提高。     

辽宁绒山羊细管冻精配种受胎率试验

通过几年的研究,辽宁绒山羊细管冷冻精液质量明显提高,为了检验细管冷冻精液的应用效果,我们在辽宁绒山羊原种场进行了配种受胎试验。1材料和方法1.1 试验材料 配种用精液为我场自己研制生产的0.25ml细管冻精,解冻后平均活力在50.68％以上,顶体完整率58.24％,每管含有效精子数约2.5×107个。     

辽宁绒山羊细管冻精配种受胎率试验

通过几年的研究，辽宁绒山羊细管冷冻精液质量明显提高．为了检验细管冷冻精液的应用效果．我们在辽宁绒山羊原种场进行了配种受胎试验。     

辽宁绒山羊冷冻精液输精技术

辽宁绒山羊 ,具有产绒量高、绒长、遗传性能稳定、改良低产绒山羊效果显著等特点 ,用户非常喜欢。近几年来优秀个体种公羊的价格已经翻了几番 ,高达 2万多元 ,并还有上涨的可能 ,普通农户根本买不起 ,因此 ,应用辽宁省辽宁绒山羊原种场的优秀个体种公羊的冷冻精液搞人工授精 ,改良低产绒山羊 ,自己培育优秀种公羊 ,是一条行之有效的途经。1　冻精来源辽宁省辽宁绒山羊原种场利用配种淡季 ,选择遗传性能稳定 ,产绒量高于 10 0 0ｇ的种公羊个体 ,生产颗粒和细管两种剂型冷冻精液 ,用户可根据自己需要购买不同剂型。颗粒型一般是一粒一头份 ,它…     

黄牛细管冷冻精液配种技术在基层推广中的应用

黄牛细管冷冻精液配种技术是继黄牛颗粒冻精之后牛冻改工作的一大进步,细管冻精是用直径小、管壁薄的无毒塑料管盛装精液后冷冻而成,由法式凯苏输精枪输精,与颗粒冻精比较,黄牛细管冷冻精液在冷冻时受冻均匀、解冻时受热一致、解冻方便、输精时不易污染、避免精液和液氮的直接接触、精子活力好,极大提高了黄牛冻精改良的受胎率,扩大了黄牛改良的覆盖面,可根据群众要求上门服务,比较方便基层养殖户。     

白绒山羊鲜、低温精液及冻精受胎效果观察

延安市2001年在甘泉县黄好坪养羊示范点选择特级优秀绒山羊种公羊10只,冻制白绒山羊冷精颗粒及试制细管冷冻精液,并在我市甘泉、宝塔、吴旗、志丹、黄龙五县(区)使用自制的冷精颗粒、细管冷冻精液及鲜精开展人工授精技术工作。据统计,5县(区)共配种白绒山羊1万多只,取得了较好的受     

黄牛细管冻精和颗粒冻精受胎率对比试验

<正> 随着黄牛改良工作的进展,对冷冻精液的剂型和质量的要求越来越高.目前,国内外冷冻精液剂型有颗粒、安瓿和细管三种,这三种剂型各有优缺点.就目前来说,国外比较流行的剂型是细管冻精,国内多数为颗粒冻精,而细管冻精正日益增多.为了探讨细     

黄牛细管冻精和颗粒冻精受胎率对比试验

<正> 随着黄牛改良工作的进展,对冷冻精液的制作剂型和质量的要求越来越高。目前,国外比较流行的剂型是细管冻精,而国内则多是颗粒冻精,但采用细管冻精也日益增多。为了探讨细管和颗粒两种不同剂型冷冻     

秦川牛细管冷冻精液研究与受胎试验

牛冷冻精液剂型,畜牧先进国家多是细管型,国内一些省市在黑白花牛冻精剂型上已向细管型转变。我省秦川牛冻精剂型仍为颗粒型。1986年接受省畜牧局指示,进行牛细管冻精技术研究和推广应用,我们利用国产细管试制成功秦川牛细管冻精,在岐山县推广,配牛3546头,受胎率82.3%。为进一步探索细管冻精与受胎率的关系,我们按照“牛冷冻精液国家标准”,检测国产细管在     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -