Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics Content of Apricot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus armeniaca</Emphasis> L.) Kernel as a Function of Genotype

Fourteen apricot genotypes grown under similar cultural practices in Trans-Himalayan Ladakh region were studied to find out the influence of genotype on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) of apricot kernel. The kernels were found to be rich in TPC ranging from 92.2 to 162.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g. The free radical-scavenging activity in terms of inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) ranged from 43.8 to 123.4 mg/ml and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) from 154.1 to 243.6 FeSO₄.7H₂O μg/ml. A variation of 1–1.7 fold in total phenolic content, 1–2.8 fold in IC₅₀ by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 1–1.6 fold in ferric reducing antioxidant potential among the examined kernels underlines the important role played by genetic background for determining the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of apricot kernel. A positive significant correlation between TPC and FRAP (r = 0.671) was found. No significant correlation was found between TPC and IC₅₀; FRAP and IC₅₀; TPC and physical properties of kernel. Principal component analysis demonstrated that genotypic effect is more pronounced towards TPC and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content in apricot kernel while the contribution of seed and kernel physical properties are not highly significant.     

Almond (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus dulcis</Emphasis> L.) Protein Quality

Three marketing varieties of almonds; Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil; were analyzed for proximate composition and protein nutritive quality. Moisture, lipids, protein, ash, sugars, and tannins ranges were 3.05-4.33%, 43.37-47.50%, 20.68-23.30%, 3.74-4.56%, 5.35-7.45%, and 0.12-0.18%, respectively. No detectable hemagglutinating and trypsin inhibitory activities were present in Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil almonds. Amino acid analyses indicated the sulfur amino acids (methionine + cysteine), lysine, and threonine to be the first, second, and third limiting amino acids in almonds when compared to the recommended amino acid pattern for children 2-5-year old. However, compared to the recommended amino acid pattern for adults, sulfur amino acids were the only limiting amino acids in almonds tested. True Protein Digestibility (% TPD) values for Carmel, Mission, and Nonpareil were 88.55 +/- 1.26, 92.25 +/- 1.05, and 82.62 +/- 1.47, respectively. Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scoring (PDCAAS) values suggested almond proteins to be of poor nutritional quality.     

Physicochemical Composition and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Mulberry (Morus indica L.) Fruit During Ontogeny

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Mulberry fruit is well recognized as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds. We investigated the physicochemical composition and characterized the...     

利用RAPD技术鉴定花生种质资源的差异

利用RAPD技术对 7个不同植物学类型的花生种质资源进行了分析 ,在所用的 83个随机引物中 ,1 3个引物的扩增产物显示出不同品种间的多态性 ,能显示花生品种间DNA多态性的引物占1 5 .7%。这 1 3个引物共扩增出 1 2 1条DNA带 ,其中具多态性的片段 2 6条 ,占 2 1 .48%。根据本实验结果 ,利用RAPD技术鉴定花生种质资源的多态性是有效的     

花生水分胁迫研究Ⅱ.荚果生长

本文探讨了水分胁迫对结荚期花生荚果发育的影响.为期两年(1997/98和1998/99)的试验是在农牧学院(国立Río Cuarto大学)试验场开展的.目的是量化与水分胁迫有关的物候因子的变化与花生荚果发育的关系.试验采用的是生育期为150 d的兰娜型花生品种.荚果发育水平分别通过成熟度和荚果干重两方面来定性和定量衡量.水分胁迫对荚果发育的影响表现为改变发育起始阶段时间、荚果发育速率和生育期、成熟度和最终产量.两年的试验结果相似,主要结果取自处理S2(开花下针期进行干旱处理),包括花期延长,下针结果期延迟11～13d,降低荚果发育速率(11.5～12.6 mg·d-1,对照为17.0 mg·d-1),以及降低荚果最终产量.     

花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）水分胁迫的研究——I．开花与成针

为量化水分胁迫引起的花生物候学变化及其对开花和果针生长的效应，在阿根廷科尔多瓦省农牧学院试验农场开展了本研究。试验分两年(1997／98，1998/99)实施，随机区组设计，重复3次。试点为典型的Hapludol土，品种为Florman INTA，行株距分别为0．7和0．08m。在不同的生长时期(Rl—R3，R3—R4，R4—R6，R6—R7)施以干旱处理(人工遮雨)，持续时间为18—22d不等。测量土壤含水量并统计单株花朵数和果针数。结果证实了先前关于花生开花量和果针数对水分胁迫的反应的报道，也支持生殖生长延迟以及荚果发育和种子充实后期易受霜害的假说。     

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)试管苗种质保存技术研究进展

甘薯种质资源的大田种植保存面临着严重的病毒感染以及病虫害、自然灾害的影响.由茎尖分生组织培养成无病毒苗并进行试管保存,是当前既经济又实用的方法.     

Competition between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in binary mixtures in the field

White clover, (cv. Haifa) and subterranean clover (cv. Seaton Park) were grown in binary replacement series mixtures in the field at proportions of 100:0, 90:10, 50:50. 10:90 and 0:100, and cut every four weeks over three growing seasons from 1985 to 1987 at Scone, New South Wales (NSW) (32°S).
Relatively low plant densities minimized competition in 1985, but in subsequent seasons Haifa and Seaton Park competed vigorously for the same resource;.; usually having relative crowding coefficients greater than 1.0, and relative yield totals greater than 1.0 in spring of 1986 and 1987, and autumn 1987. This over-yielding appeared to be due to some complementarity of leaf morphology and canopy architecture.
Haifa severely depressed seed production of Seaton Park in mixtures. Haifa regenerated as an annual in 1986, but as a perennial, from surviving stolons, in 1987 owing to lower maximum temperatures and better rainfall distribution in late summer and autumn of 1987.
It is concluded that white clover can survive severe competition from subterranean clover as a seedling, and if moisture allows, may severely depress seed production from subterranean clover, regardless of whether plants are annual or perennial in origin. Spatial separation may minimize competition in average years but competition effects may be severe in seasons with sufficient summer rainfall for perennation of white clover, and seasonal autumn rainfall for germination of subterranean clover.     

Preferences of lambs offered Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) herbage as choices

Partial preference for feeds in ruminants is a well-documented phenomenon although their explanation can be elusive. The hypothesis was tested that sheep offered herbage of two annual grass species differing in chemical composition free-choice would select a diet that would maximize the nutritive value of the diet compared with sheep offered each herbage separately through a greater nutrient balance and synchronization of nutrient release for efficient ruminal microbial function. Fifteen male lambs were placed into metabolic cages, and randomly assigned to three treatments ( n  = 5): Italian ryegrass fresh herbage (treatment R), barley fresh herbage (treatment B) or free-choice Italian ryegrass and barley fresh herbage (treatment RB). Both herbages had similar crude protein concentrations but Italian ryegrass herbage had higher concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates and lower concentration of fibre than barley herbage. Lambs were exposed to the treatments for 15 d. Lambs on treatment RB showed a partial preference of 0·82 (s.e. 0·031) for Italian ryegrass. Lambs on treatment RB had higher intakes of digestible dry matter and higher values for nitrogen retention than lambs on treatment B although similar to that of lambs on treatment R. The results for the dietary choices were not always consistent with maximizing the nutritive value of the diet. Other explanations, such as lambs needed to sample and track the nutritive value of dietary options or there was the development of transient food aversions, were also possible.     

Optimizing regeneration condition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

In this study, multiple shoot induction and whole plant regeneration from decapitated embryo axes of three chick peal genotypes including MCC252, MCC283 and MCC505 were evaluated on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium (MMS) which, its vitamins were replaced by vitamins of B5 medium, supplemented with varied concentration of thidiazuron (0.1, 0.2 mg L(-1)) or 6-benzylaminopurin (1,2 mg L(-1)) or zeatin (1, 2 mg L(-1)) treatments. BAP was found to be the most effective cytokinin in normal multiple shoot induction. Shoots were elongated on growth regulator-free medium and then rooted on two media containing 1/4 MMS salts and B5 vitamins + 3% sucrose + 0.8% agar with indol-3-butyric acid (0.4 or 1 mg L(-1)). The highest rooting frequency resulted in a medium including 0.4 mg L(-1) IBA. It was found that different shoot induction media also positively affected rooting, where a medium with 2 mg L(-1) BAP in MCC252/MCC505 and a medium with 2 mg L(-1) zeatin in MCC283 were the best media in shoot induction that produced high frequency, thick spread roots. Plantlets were preliminary acclimatized in liquid medium (1/4 MMS salts and B5 vitamins + 3% sucrose + 0.4 mg L(-1) IBA) for 7 to 14 days, then transferred to pots filled by cocopit: perlite (1:1) and kept in a growth chamber until their shoots and roots were well developed. This resulted in more than 70% survival rate.     

花生感官品质研究

从山东省花生研究所搜集、保存的国内外花生种质资源中随机抽取265份，并对265份花生品种的感官品质米型、米色以及口味进行量化评分。结果表明，栽培花生五大类型间米色、米型、口味的表现差异大，多粒型花生的口味优均达到一级水平；普通型花生的米型较优，与另外四种类型花生品种的米型相比平均值最高；龙生型花生品种米色、米型和口味最差；中间型花生品种米色、米型和口味变异范围比较大，这与其系统来源有相当大关系。     

Mineral and trace element composition in induced mutants of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) millsp.)

In the present investigation several mutants isolated during mutagenic studies of pigeonpea were analysed for Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni. The results have revealed changes in the concentrations of macro and micro mineral elements in the mutant seed material. These changes in concentrations are attributed to the altered genetic structure; due to mutations, the plant system might have absorbed and stored more or less amounts of the elements in the seeds.     

MFLP分子标记技术在花生上的应用初探

采用MFLP标记技术对两个栽培种花生DNA进行扩增分析。从160对MFLP引物中筛选出41对多态性条带引物,引物多态率为25.63%;每对多态性引物扩增带数约23～56条（其中多态性条带1～3条）,共检测到差异条带59条;其中约有29条表现显性多态,15对表现共显性多态,共显性标记出现频率为34.09%。研究结果表明,MFLP标记在栽培种花生中具有较丰富的多态性和较高的共显性率,在遗传多样性分析和分子标记辅助育种等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

花生品种鉴定技术研究进展

花生品种鉴定技术在良种保纯、新品种保护工作以及花生属分类学、花生育种后代选择研究中具有重要作用。本文综述了目前国内外花生品种鉴定的主要技术方法,分析了花生品种的形态学鉴定、同工酶和种子蛋白质电泳技术、DNA分子标记技术的研究和应用情况,讨论了花生品种鉴定技术的发展前景。     

钾肥施用增加菜用大豆生殖生长期不同部位钾素积累

利用菜用大豆品种(系)中科毛豆1号和品系121,在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,进行不施钾(K0),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(K1),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)+叶面喷施钾肥(K2)3种施钾处理,探究菜用大豆开花后28~56 d内茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮、籽粒中钾素积累动态。结果表明:相同时期不同部位钾素积累均为K2K1K0,各部位钾的相对积累量为籽粒荚皮叶片叶柄茎。同时发现,菜用大豆茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮中钾积累量均随着生育进程逐渐下降,而籽粒中钾素的积累在开花后28~42 d下降,42~49 d升高,随后略有降低。施用钾肥增加了菜用大豆植株各部位的钾积累量,施钾叶面肥可进一步增加钾积累量。     

Distribution of seed protein fractions and amino acids in different anatomical parts of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Studies on protein fractionation in seed coat, embryo, cotyledons and whole seed were made to observe the differences, if any, between chickpea and pigeonpea. Results indicated that globulin was the major fraction of embryo and cotyledons of these legumes. Seed-coat nitrogen was observed to be mostly comprised of nonprotein nitrogen and glutelin fractions and thus differed from other components in both chickpea and pigeonpea. The albumin fraction of cotyledons of both crops had the highest concentration of sulphur amino acids, methionine and cystine. Glutelin contained a considerably higher concentration of methionine and cystine than did globulin in chickpea and pigeonpea. This suggests that lines with higher glutelin should be identified to improve their protein quality. The amino acid compositions of different seed components did not show large differences between these two pulse crops.Submitted as JA no. 180 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).     

Tolerance of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to saflufenacil

Saflufenacil is a new herbicide being developed by BASF for pre-emergence application for broadleaved weed control in maize and other crops. Three field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada over a 2-year period (2006 and 2007) to evaluate the tolerance of spring cereals (barley, oats, and wheat) to pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of saflufenacil at 50 and 100 g ai ha⁻¹. Saflufenacil pre-emergence caused minimal visible injury (1% or less) at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after emergence and had no adverse effect on plant height or yield of barley, oats, and wheat. Saflufenacil plus the surfactant Merge (1% v/v) applied post-emergence caused as much as 76, 60, 52 and 35% visible injury in spring cereals at 3, 7, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Injury with saflufenacil plus Merge applied post-emergence decreased over time and was generally greater as dose increased. Saflufenacil plus Merge applied post-emergence reduced plant height by as much as 16% and reduced yield of spring barley and wheat by 24 and 13%, respectively, but had no effect on the yield of spring oats. Based on these results, saflufenacil applied pre-emergence at the proposed dose can be safely used in spring planted barley, oats and wheat; however, the post-emergence application of saflufenacil results in unacceptable injury and yield loss. These results are consistent with the proposed pre-emergence use pattern for saflufenacil.     

亚麻（Linum usitatissimum L.）染色体核型分析

本文报道我国黑龙江省油亚 771 34 - 86的体细胞染色体数目和核型 2n =32 =2 8m 4sm ,不对称系数 58.52 % ,属于 2A类型对称核型 ,N·F值为 6 4。