杂交稻Ⅱ优明86制种技术

Ⅱ优明 86系福建省三明市农科所用Ⅱ - 32Ａ与明恢 86配组而成的中、晚籼大穗型杂交稻新组合。 1999年 2月通过三明市农科所农作物品种审定委员会审定。经 2ａ试种 ,做中稻种植平均产 8 5ｔ/ｈｍ2 ,最高达 9 2 5ｔ/ｈｍ2 ,比汕优 63增产 11 0 1%。做再生稻种植二季平均产 10 98ｔ/ｈｍ2 ,比汕优 63平均产量增加 1 14ｔ/ｈｍ2 ,增产 11 5 9% ,父本明恢 86由三明市农科所采用Ｐ18(ＩＲ5 4 /明恢 63∥ＩＲ60 /圭 630 )与明恢 75杂交选育而成的中迟熟新恢复系 ,具有恢复力强 ,配合力好 ,稻瘟病抗性强 ,生长繁茂 ,对肥水反应敏感 ,穗大粒多 ,花…     

福建省新配制的水稻早杂优组合的表现及利用评价

前言杂交水稻在福建省种植面积和产量都占有重要地位，扩大杂交稻种植面积是我省粮食增产的重要途径之一。据1996年统计杂交稻种植面积1297．86万亩，占水稻种植面积61．85％，晚杂交稻种植面积已占70．60％。而早杂交稻只占34．07％，可见扩大早杂交稻良种很有潜力，因此对新配制的早杂交稻组合进行鉴定并作出利用评价有着重要的意义。本文论述1996年早杂交稻在参加省区试的表现并对其利用作出评价，供各地示范、试种参考。一、试验材料、方法参试组合有：福优77．福优016、威优89、福代17464、福代晚三、宁化77、汕优82、汕优34、博优306…     

福建省超级稻研究进展及今后策略

“民以食为天” ,粮食是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础。“食以稻为先” ,稻米是我国 65 %以上人口的主食来源。我国以占世界 7%的耕地养活占世界 2 2 %的人口 ,其中水稻作为我国第一大粮食作物 ,对我国粮食安全作出了巨大贡献。随着我国人口的不断增加 ,耕地面积不断减少 ,如何解决粮食问题就越显得突出 ,其唯一途径就是增加水稻产量。以往水稻总产的提高 ,主要依靠增加复种指数、扩大水稻种植面积、提高单位面积水稻产量等三大措施。但是随着我国经济的快速增长、人口增加和耕地资源减少的趋势不可逆转 ,因而提高单位面积产量是增加水稻总产…     

黑龙江省庆安县开发绿色食品稻米

自1984年推广旱育稀植栽培技术以来，黑龙江省庆安县的水稻种植面积在不断扩大。1992年始，全县水稻种植面积稳定在63万亩，占全县耕地面积的41．2％，水稻产量也一直在2．6亿公斤以上，占全县粮食总产量的65％。但稻米品质不高，价格偏低，经济效益不好。     

杂交水稻不结实的原因与解决对策

广西藤县是农业经济县．属于双季稻种植地区．随着国家大力增加良种补贴和提高粮食综合直补的惠农政策的大力实施．以及一直以来积极推广种植杂交水稻种子．优质杂交水稻在全县的种植面积也逐年增加．2008年全县水稻种植面积4．4万hm2．其中．杂交水稻种植面积3．98万hm2．占水稻种植总面积的90．22％。     

长江中游稻区水稻产业发展现状、问题与建议

为了解国家调低稻谷保护收购价后长江中游稻区水稻产业发展状况，湖南、湖北、江西和河南4省水稻专家组织开展了相关调研。结果表明，长江中游稻区2018和2019（预测）两年水稻总体种植面积持续缩减，主要是湖南和江西“双改单”和种植结构调整所致，而湖北和河南面积略有增加。稻区内2018年稻谷销售进度明显滞后于上年同期，稻谷价格也不同程度下跌。这主要受国家保护价下调影响。而优质稻谷销售进度和价格受影响较小，其流通表现出更强的市场化。2018年水稻种植人工、地租、化肥和总成本均出现不同程度提高，其中地租和人工成本增加是总成本提高的主要原因。2018年稻米加工企业稻谷收购量、收购价和稻米批发价均不同程度降低。稻区内优质稻和杂交稻种植面积占比均为64%；籼稻面积占比97.6%。不同水稻种植技术应用比例表现为 抛秧>手插和直播>机插；再生稻种植面积不断增加，稻渔模式迅猛发展。同时，稻区水稻产业发展面临着农民种粮积极性普遍下降，订单农业发展风险重重，农业基础设施不完善、修缮主体不明确，农业生产社会化程度偏低，稻渔模式无序发展隐患大，农民卖粮难度大、成本高、风险大，区域稻米品牌建设亟待加强等一系列问题。建议政府调整粮食收储政策，加强对农业的政策和补贴支持力度，加强对再生稻和稻渔模式发展的引导，加大科研攻关投入。     

新时期福建农垦水田种植结构变化趋势及发展方向

福建农垦耕地中的水田主要种植水稻作物，通过调查，发现农垦双季水稻种植面积不断减少，单季晚稻及经济作物种植面积不断扩大，分析了当前水田种植结构的变化趋势和主要耕作模式，提出今后水田种植结构发展的方向。     

江苏实施基本粳稻化的动因和举措

积极稳妥地推进基本粳稻化工程，是江苏发展“三高”农业的重要举措。90年代以来，全省基本粳稻化工程进展较快。1995年，粳稻种植面积为1275万公顷，占水稻面积的56．7％，1996年种植面积达1449万公顷，占水稻面积的62％。粳稻种植面积的扩大，有力促进了江苏水稻单产的提高和总产的增加。据对盐城、扬州、淮阴、连云港、徐州、宿迁、泰州等市的调查，1996年水稻公顷产量达8295kg，比1995年增255kg。其中粳稻公顷产量达8520kg，比上年提高495kg，充分显示了粳稻的高产、优质、高效优势。（－）基本粳稻化的动因80年代，江苏的南部稻区逐步…     

两优培九高产栽培技术

两优培九系用培矮 6 4 S为母本、9311为父本配组的两系杂交水稻组合。该组合在岳阳市作中稻栽培 ,已有 3年。1999年引进 ,2 0 0 0年小面积示范 ,2 0 0 1年达 1万公顷 ,2 0 0 2年可达 2 .2万公顷 ,占岳阳市中稻面积的 4 8%。该组合表现适应性强、产量高、米质优、抗白叶枯病和抗稻瘟病等优点 ,深受广大农户欢迎。1　两优培九的表现两优培九在本市作中稻栽培 ,从小面积示范到大面积推广种植 ,都表现产量高、米质好。我市地处湘北 ,土层深厚肥沃 ,适合两优培九的生长。 2 0 0 1年 ,随机调查 9.5 hm中 稻两优培九 ,平均单产为 9.2 1t/ hm,随机…     

推广群体质量栽培技术 促进江苏水稻生产发展

（－）江苏的水稻生产形势水稻是我省粮食供求平衡的焦点，是农业生产的重中之重，是全省人民的主要口粮，其产量占全年粮食总产的一半以上，占口粮消费的80％左右。长期以来，我省把稳定发展水稻生产作为农业工作的中心，加强领导，倾斜政策，增加投入，强化科技，使我省水稻生产在稳定中优化、发展中提高，为繁荣城乡市场、增加农民收入发挥了重要作用。概括起来讲，我省的水稻生产形势体现在以下四个方面。1．面积稳定我省常年水稻种植面积在230万hm’左右。近十多年来，我省经历了多次农业结构调整，但水稻种植面积一直没有减下来。省委…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.