Activating mutations of NOTCH1 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Very rare cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) harbor chromosomal translocations that involve NOTCH1, a gene encoding a transmembrane receptor that regulates normal T cell development. Here, we report that more than 50% of human T-ALLs, including tumors from all major molecular oncogenic subtypes, have activating mutations that involve the extracellular heterodimerization domain and/or the C-terminal PEST domain of NOTCH1. These findings greatly expand the role of activated NOTCH1 in the molecular pathogenesis of human T-ALL and provide a strong rationale for targeted therapies that interfere with NOTCH signaling.     

Inhibition of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by immunotoxins: potentiation by chloroquine

Immunotoxins containing pokeweed antiviral protein and monoclonal antibodies against human T cells or human transferrin receptor efficiently killed acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Chloroquine specifically enhanced the rate of protein synthesis inhibition by immunotoxin. Depending on its concentration, chloroquine (10 to 100 micromolar) reduced by up to 65-fold the amount of immunotoxin required to inhibit protein synthesis in the target cells 50 percent.     

Modeling the initiation and progression of human acute leukemia in mice

Our understanding of leukemia development and progression has been hampered by the lack of in vivo models in which disease is initiated from primary human hematopoietic cells. We showed that upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, primitive human hematopoietic cells expressing a mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion gene generated myeloid or lymphoid acute leukemias, with features that recapitulated human diseases. Analysis of serially transplanted mice revealed that the disease is sustained by leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) that have evolved over time from a primitive cell type with a germline immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene configuration to a cell type containing rearranged IgH genes. The L-ICs retained both myeloid and lymphoid lineage potential and remained responsive to microenvironmental cues. The properties of these cells provide a biological basis for several clinical hallmarks of MLL leukemias.     

Zeylenone对急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨Zeylenone体外抗急性淋巴细胞白血病(Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,ALL)效应及作用的可能机制。方法应用MTT法比较Zeylenone对肿瘤细胞、正常细胞增殖的影响;AO/EB染色观察其对ALL细胞(Reh、RS4;11)凋亡形态学的改变;流式细胞仪检测药物对细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响。结果 Zeylenone对多种细胞呈现增殖抑制作用,且对ALL细胞株呈现更高的敏感性,而对外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)抑制作用较小,抑制Reh、RS4;11细胞增殖呈时间依赖性和剂量依赖性;Zeylenone能够诱导ALL细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期。结论 Zeylenone体外具有抗ALL细胞增殖的作用,其作用与诱导细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期相关。     

四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤动物模型建立方法的研究

通过对染毒途径、剂量和时间的研究,建立四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤模型。采取腹腔注射和灌胃两种途径给予小鼠1%CCl4,染毒后24 h检测血清转氨酶含量,并观察肝脏病变。结果显示,灌胃组比腹腔注射组小鼠血清转氨酶变化个体差异小,肝脏病变明显,病灶分布均匀,且与实际中毒途径一致,故采用灌胃方法进行确定染毒剂量及时间试验。分别以0.125%、0.25%、0.35%、0.5%的CCl4给小鼠灌胃,染毒24 h后检测血清转氨酶含量,确定最佳染毒剂量。以该浓度给小鼠灌胃,分别于染毒后2、6、12、16、20、24、28、32、48 h检测小鼠血清转氨酶含量。结果表明,灌胃0.35%CCl4,小鼠血清转氨酶升高与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),此浓度灌胃后,20 h血清转氨酶含量显著升高(P<0.01),24 h达到最高值,与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,以0.35%四氯化碳,按0.1 mL.10 g-1体重灌胃,染毒24 h,可建立较理想的小鼠急性肝损伤模型。     

Cytotoxic antibody in normal human serums reactive with tumor cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia

Serums showing complement-dependent cytotoxic reactions to acute lymphocytic leukemia cells were detected in three normal unimmunized subjects. These serums were reactive with tumor cells from 514 (514 tested) acute lymphocytic leukemia patients, and three (12 tested) patients with acute myelocytic leukemia; they did not react with tumor cells from patients with acute monocytic leukemia (two tested), with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (two tested) or with leukolymphosarcoma (two tested); nor did they react with normal lymphocytes from 52 different donors. These reactive serums appear to recognize antigens primarily associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia.     

The role of the c-mos gene in the 8;21 translocation in human acute myeloblastic leukemia

The human c-mos proto-oncogene is located on chromosome 8 at band q22, close to the breakpoint in the t(8;21) (q22;q22) chromosome rearrangement. This translocation is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia, subgroup M2. The c-myc gene, another proto-oncogene, has been mapped to 8q24. The breakpoint at 8q22 separates these genes, as determined by in situ hybridization of c-mos and c-myc probes. The c-mos gene remains on the 8q-chromosome and the c-myc gene is translocated to the 21q+ chromosome. Southern blot analysis of DNA from bone marrow cells of four patients with this translocation showed no rearrangement of c-mos.     

粒系集落刺激因子对急性髓系白血病细胞的诱导分化作用

观察粒系集落刺激因子对急性髓系白血病细胞诱导分化作用。方法：常规分离３１例急性髓系白血病细胞体外培养７ｄ,然后通过瑞氏染色,非特异性酯酶及氯醋酸萘酚酯酶染色及ＮＢＴ还原试验分别观察了细胞形态学,细胞内酶化学和细胞功能变化,同时采用细胞免疫方染观察细胞膜分化抗原反应。     

Gene therapy of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1 disease

Severe combined immunodeficiency-X1 (SCID-X1) is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by an early block in T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte differentiation. This block is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the gammac cytokine receptor subunit of interleukin-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15 receptors, which participates in the delivery of growth, survival, and differentiation signals to early lymphoid progenitors. After preclinical studies, a gene therapy trial for SCID-X1 was initiated, based on the use of complementary DNA containing a defective gammac Moloney retrovirus-derived vector and ex vivo infection of CD34+ cells. After a 10-month follow-up period, gammac transgene-expressing T and NK cells were detected in two patients. T, B, and NK cell counts and function, including antigen-specific responses, were comparable to those of age-matched controls. Thus, gene therapy was able to provide full correction of disease phenotype and, hence, clinical benefit.     

Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice

A mutant strain of the Friend leukemia virus is described. The parental virus strain, passaged through ICR/Ha mice, shows no or very little activity by the spleen-focus assay in BALB/c mice (by comparison with highly susceptible DBA/2 and ICR/Ha mice) and produces typical Friend disease in these mice only exceptionally; susceptibility to this strain of virus is recessive in the (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F(1). By contrast, the mutant virus strain is as active in BALB/c mice as in DBA/2 or ICR/Ha mice; susceptibility to the mutant virus strain is dominant in the (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F(1).     

急性白血病患者化疗方案中应用力素对化疗药物急性心脏毒性的影响

目的：观察急性白血病化疗患者应用力素（二丁酰环磷腺苷钙）对化疗药物急性心脏毒性的影响。方法：将初治急性白血病患者58例分成治疗组（n=28）和对照组（n=30）两组,治疗组在普通化疗方案的基础上加用力素治疗,对照组仅用普通化疗方案治疗．观察两组第二疗程化疗后心肌酶的变化、心力衰竭的发生情况．平均心率及心电图ST段的变化。结果：两组的心肌酶（磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶及α羟丁酸脱氢酶）、平均心率、心电图ST段的下移的程度差异均有显著性（P〈0．01或0．05）;但两组的心力衰竭发生情况差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：力素能够减轻化疗药物对急性白血病化疗患者的急性心脏毒性。     

Translocation and rearrangement of myeloperoxidase gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype M3) is characterized by malignant promyelocytes exhibiting an abundance of abnormally large or aberrant primary granules. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of these azurophilic granules, as assessed by cytochemical staining, is unusually intense. In addition, M3 is universally associated with a chromosomal translocation, t(15;17)(q22;q11.2). In this report, the MPO gene was localized to human chromosome 17 (q12-q21), the region of the breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the t(15;17), by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ chromosomal hybridization. By means of MPO complementary DNA clones for in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, the effect of this specific translocation on the MPO gene was examined. In all cases of M3 examined, MPO is translocated to chromosome 15. Genomic blot analyses indicate rearrangement of MPO in leukemia cells of two of four cases examined. These findings suggest that MPO may be pivotal in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.     

Detection of an antigen associated with acute leukemia

Antiserums to a purified cell membrane component from a Burkitt's lymphoma tissue culture cell line were produced in rabbits. These antiserums were cytotoxic to peripheral white blood cells from 8 of 15 patients with acute leukemia and 5 of 41 relatives, but not to peripheral white blood cells from leukemia patients in clinical remission or from normal individuals. These antiserums appear to be detecting an acute leukemia associated antigen or antigens.     

硝基苯对小鼠急性毒性试验的研究

用Weil's表的平均移动法进行了NB对雌性小鼠和雄性小鼠LD_(50)的测定。以组间距(对数剂量差值)为d=0.2,测得NB对雄性小鼠经口服的LD_(50)为525.8962mg·kg~(-1)BW,95%可信限为417.7342～662.0640mg·kg~(-1)BW;以组间距(对数剂量差值)为d=0.0667,测得NB对雌性小鼠经口服的LD_(50)为771.9692mg·kg~(-1)BW,95%可信限为714.8254～833.6812mg·kg~(-1)BW。     

A transgenic mouse model for human neurofibromatosis

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with the neurologic disorder tropical spastic paraparesis and possibly with multiple sclerosis. The tat gene of HTLV-1 under control of its own long terminal repeat is capable of inducing tumors in transgenic mice. The morphologic and biologic properties of these tumors indicate their close resemblance to human neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease), the most common single gene disorder to affect the nervous system. The high spontaneous incidence of this disease, together with the diverse clinical and pathologic features associated with it, suggests that environmental factors may account for some of the observed cases. Multiple tumors developed simultaneously in the transgenic tat mice at approximately 3 months of age, and the phenotype was successfully passed through three generations. The tumors arise from the nerve sheaths of peripheral nerves and are composed of perineural cells and fibroblasts. Tumor cells from these mice adapt easily to propagation in culture and continue to express the tat protein in significant amounts. When transplanted into nude mice, these cultured cells efficiently induce tumors. Evidence of HTLV-1 infection in patients with neural and other soft tissue tumors is needed in order to establish a link between infection by this human retrovirus and von Recklinghausen's disease and other nonlymphoid tumors.     

小鼠子宫内膜细胞炎症模型的建立

用0.25％胰酶-EDTA消化法分离培养小鼠子宫内膜细胞,用细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导子宫内膜细胞炎症,以培养细胞的形态学和传统炎症指标作为炎症发生和发展的判断标准.以不同浓度的LPS作用于细胞,收集不同时段的细胞,用RT-PCR的方法测定细胞中IFN-γmRNA的表达丰度.结果表明,100 ng/mL LPS是体外培养...     

猫急性白血病的FAB分型命名

猫的急性白血病是猫的肿瘤性疾病中最常见的一种恶性肿瘤疾病,临床发病急、死亡率高．但在临床治疗中,又因各种类型的细胞起源、基因类型、病理学过程对治疗的反应差异显著,给临床和判断预后造成极大的困难,所以各种类型的正确分类和命名对指导猫的急性白血病临床治疗有重要价值．本实验研究借鉴目前国际医学上采用的 Ｆ Ａ Ｂ分类方法,将临床收治的 ３８ 例急性白血病病猫进行分型命名．由此认为, Ｆ Ａ Ｂ能为动物白血病临床诊断和治疗提供合理依据,从而为动物白血病的研究开辟一新的途径