Countermeasure in Consultation for Project Prospecting and Designing after the Access of China to WTO

The consultation in project prospecting and designing plays a very important role in the project construction and it is facing a great challenge after the access of China to WTO. In this paper, the countermeasure in consultation of project prospecting and designing is put forward as follows: change the idea; cultivate and develop a perfect market system; to build a market operating system in keeping with the requirement of international practice and market; to reform and perfect the trade management system; to enhance the level of the project prospecting and designing unit; to change the government's function; to strengthen the quality control to ensure the quality of the project; to form a perfect law and regulation system; to encourage and strengthen the technology reform to set a fine base for the sustainable development and to adjust and work out the encouraging policy to help the trade development.     

激素及光照对甘薯茎尖分生组织培养的影响

根据不同基因型甘薯茎尖分生组织在不同激素水平的生长反应,将４个河南主栽甘薯品种分为３类;激素不敏感硬成苗型、激素敏感易成苗型和激素不敏感难成苗型。光照时数不是甘薯茎尖培养成苗的根制因素,以不低于１４ｈ／ｄ为好。     

有机磷/拟除虫菊酯混剂筛选棉铃虫品系的交互抗性和生化机理

 用辛硫磷/氟氯氰菊酯(25：1, 有效成分)混剂对棉铃虫田间种群(HN)进行33代筛选获得抗性品系(HN-R)。筛选获得的HN R抗性品系对辛硫磷和氟氯氰菊酯的抗性分别达17.4倍和144.7倍。HN-R品系对两种拟除虫菊酯产生了高水平交互抗性(对氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯分别为86.2和23.4倍),对久效磷产生了中等水平交互抗性(5.2倍),对甲基对硫磷(1.6倍)、丙溴磷(1.8倍)和灭多威(2.4倍)产生了低水平交互抗性。酯酶抑制剂DEF能有效抑制HN-R品系对辛硫磷的抗性(增效比为15.3倍),而多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO则对辛硫磷没有任何增效作用;PBO则使HN-R品系对3种拟除虫菊酯的抗性显著降低(对氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的增效比分别为21.9、19.1和21.4倍)。DEF和PBO都能使HN-R对久效磷的抗性下降一半(增效比分别为2.2和2.5倍)。HN-R抗性品系多功能氧化酶活性(以pNA为底物)和酯酶活性(以a-NA为底物)分别为HN品系的6.5倍和1.6倍。因此,在HN-R抗性品系中至少存在2种代谢抗性机理,即增强的酯酶解毒代谢(对辛硫磷、久效磷)和多功能氧化酶介导的氧化解毒代谢(对3种拟除虫菊酯、久效磷)。本研究表明,在田间使用有机磷/拟除虫菊酯混剂可能同时选择出多种代谢抗性机理,从而导致广谱的交互抗性。     

苯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对不同小麦品种安全性及叶绿素含量的影响

室内土壤滴浇法测定了苯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对不同小麦品种的安全性和叶绿素含量的变化,结果表明：两种药剂对不同小麦品种的安全性存在较大差异,且对根长的抑制作用明显大于株高;对叶绿素含量的影响与对株高的影响结果一致。苯磺隆对周麦13的根和芽敏感,使用不当易产生药害;对偃师4110根长最安全,株高最敏感。苄嘧磺隆对高优503根长最安全,株高最敏感;对周麦13株高最安全,根长最敏感。因此,小麦田化学除草应根据不同小麦品种来选择除草剂品种、有效用量和最佳施药方法。     

依靠自主创新加快福建粮食产业化发展的步伐

为了缓解福建省粮食供需矛盾,确保福建粮食安全,分析了福建省粮食生产供求现状和制约因素,揭示了粮食产业化经营的实质特征及福建省粮食产业化经营现状,根据自主创新的内涵提出依靠自主创新加快福建粮食产业化发展步伐的8项具体措施：科技创新,提高粮食单产,进一步增加粮食总量;机制创新,完善土地使用权流转机制,逐步推进粮田的适度规模经营;开发创新,发展粮食生产产业链;市场创新,建立科学的粮食购销体系;制度创新,落实粮食风险基金制度;服务创新,建立和健全农业社会化服务体系;强化培训,努力提高劳动力素质;观念创新,发展外向型粮食产业化经营模式。     

施肥对春青稞干物质积累、分配及产量的影响

为研究施肥对青稞干物质积累、分配及产量的调节作用,以‘藏青27’、‘QTB13’和‘QTB25’为试验材料,比较分析不同施肥处理下干物质积累、分配及产量的变化规律。结果表明：增加施肥量促进青稞分蘖期—成熟期的干物质积累及开花期和成熟期干物质向营养器官和籽粒的分配,提高了花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量及对籽粒贡献率,降低了花后同化物输入籽粒量对籽粒贡献率。‘QTB13’和‘QTB25’在F₂条件下,更有利于干物质积累及向营养器官和穗部的分配,花后同化物输入籽粒量最大,产量也最大。‘藏青27’在F₃条件下,更有利于干物质积累及向营养器官和穗部的分配,花后同化物输入籽粒量和对籽粒贡献率最大,产量也最大。说明合理施肥有利于青稞干物质积累分配及产量提高。     

Operation of Debt-to-equity Swaps in State-owned Enterprise: a Game Theory''s Viewpoint

Operation of Debt to equity Swaps are thought to be a game process of conflict of interest when concerned interest groups seek furthest uses of them and dispute eminent domain of financial resources if state owned enterprise's property right configuration is not to be changed. That is to say, operation of swaps of debt to equity is one game between commercial bank and state owned enterprise firstly, and then it is another game of actualizing contract between AMC and stated owned enterprise. So the corresponding models are constructed according to game theory. The result indicates that enterprise and bank can compass an equilibrium and come to an agreement of swaps of debt equity. Nay, AMC must build up hawkish visualize to supervise and control enterprise's financial affairs and management in order to gain dividend and rights of section is bought back.     

不同遮光胁迫对大豆生长发育进程及形态性状的影响

通过遮光处理,研究不同遮光强度及持续时间对大豆的生育进程和形态性状的影响,结果表明,大豆播种后遮光20%~50%,时间持续到V3期以后,大豆各生育阶段所需生育日数减少,生育期缩短。遮光20%时间持续到V3以后,遮光30%时间持续到R1以后,遮光50%时间持续到R5以后,大豆生育期显著或极显著缩短。同一遮光持续时间,遮光强度的加强会导致R5-R8生育日数增加,使大豆生育期(VE-R8)延长。遮光强度及遮光持续时间对大豆株高、子叶节高度、茎粗和主茎节数影响显著。遮光50%持续到R5期以后,植株形态由直立变成蔓生型。     

Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构抗震性能

在Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构抗震性振动台试验的基础上,建立了试验试件的有限元模型,并验证了分析的正确性。设计了一个9层的Y形偏心支撑高强钢框架结构,以耗能梁段长度、耗能梁段腹板高厚比、高跨比为参数,对9层结构进行了非线性动力时程分析,研究了以上参数对结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明,改变耗能梁段长度、高跨比对结构层间侧移、耗能梁段性能、框架柱弯矩、耗能能力均有不同程度的影响,对框架柱轴力、基底剪力无显著影响;改变耗能梁段腹板高厚比对结构耗能能力有影响,对结构层间侧移、耗能梁段性能、框架柱受力、基底剪力无显著影响,并给出了相关设计建议。     

雷电引起接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率计算方法探析

为了提高人员生命损失风险计算的针对性、准确性,为人工接地装置安全布设提出建设性的指导意见,通过对人工接地装置泄流时接触电压、跨步电压的计算方法的分析,确定了人工接地体泄流时接触电压、跨步电压导致人身伤亡的损害概率的定量计算方法。计算时,通过对接触电压、跨步电压计算值与人体耐受接触电压、跨步电压阈值的比较分析,确定能达到该阈值的最小雷电流幅值,再通过对项目所在位置雷电活动特征的分析,确定可能超过灾害阈值对应的雷电流幅值,即可能产生风险的雷电流所占的频率,认为该频率即为接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率。对人工接地装置接触电压、跨步电压的计算以垂直接地极为例,同时考虑了冲击电流较工频电流对计算方法的影响。     

贵州芥菜型油菜含油率与各生育阶段的遗传相关及通径分析

以贵州芥菜型油菜地方品种，进行含油率与各生育阶段的遗传相关与通径分析。结果表明：５个生育阶段与含油率呈不同程度的遗传相关，它们的大小顺序为：抽苔至初花〉现蕾至抽苔〉出苗至现蕾〉终花至成熟〉初花至终花。５个生育阶段对含油率的直接通径大小依次为：出苗至现蕾〉初花至终花〉抽苔至初花〉终花至成熟〉现蕾至抽苔。从遗传相关、通径分析的大小排列顺序可看出：出苗至现蕾、初花至终花、抽苔至初花这３个生育阶段是影响油     

中国无公害农产品质量保障体系与产业化发展的对策

就“中国无公害农产品质量保障体系与产业化发展”进行了三个方面的阐述。首先,提出了无公害农产品开发的总体思路,包括其概念、指导思想、基本原则和市场定位诸点;其次,从完善无公害农产品标准和法规、规范无公害农产品认证体系、组建无公害农产品监管体系、完善无公害农业生产技术支撑体系、建立健全农产品质量检测体系、确保无公害农产品的质量及强化品牌意识、做好无公害农产品标志管理工作等几方面阐述了如何建立无公害农产品质量保障体系。最后,提出了如下关于无公害农产品产业化发展的对策：加强宣传和舆论监督,扩大无公害农产品影响;优化产业结构,大力推进无公害农产品认证工作;加大资金扶持力度,建立多元化的投融资机制;加大无公害农产品标准化和规范化的推广力度;加强农业科技培训和服务,落实无公害生产操作规程;积极培育和开拓市场,实现无公害农产品产业化发展;科技创新,用现代科学技术推动无公害农产品产业化发展。     

黄土高原小杂粮生产可持续发展技术体系构建

针对黄土高原生态环境脆弱的现实情况,立足于小杂粮的资源特点和生产现状,构建的小杂粮生产可持续发展技术体系注重建设基本农田,改善耕地质量;强调保护性耕作和种植,加快小杂粮优良品种选育、繁殖和推广进程,辅以合理的轮作倒茬技术。同时应突出绿色产品产出,持续提高降水利用效率,促进加工增值增效,从而确保小杂粮生产实现高产、优质、高效,最大限度地降低对资源环境的负面影响,实现小杂粮生产的可持续发展。     

Measurement of response to vernalization in Australian wheats with winter habit

Summary Development in wheat is strongly controlled by sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod, and to a lesser degree by non-vernalizing temperature and intrinsic earliness. A method to measure effect of vernalization in wheats with winter habit is described. Twenty seven wheats with winter habit and eight with spring/facultative habit were studied, comprising breeding lines and cultivars with maturities suited to south-central New South Wales. Effect of vernalization on the development of these wheats was quantified by integrating responses to vernalizing treatments of differing duration. Intrinsic earliness was measured as time for vernalized seedlings to grow to ear emergece in an 18h photoperiod with day/night temperature of 21/16°C, and response to photoperiod as the difference in time to ear emergence between 9 and 18h daylengths. Integrated response to vernalization is sensitive to both cumulative and thresh-hold responses and is applicable to wheats of all habit type. Integrated response to vernalization and intrinsic earliness were positively associated within wheats with winter habit. Wheats were largely of restricted origin, so that there were few allelic differences at Vrn loci to disrupt this association, which suggests intrinsic earliness may modify response to vernalization. Though integrated response to vernalization was measured with artificial treatments, it was strongly associated with ear emergence for wheats with winter habit when grown at a site in New South Wales.     

烘烤干筋阶段恒定温度及持续时间对烤烟香吃味的影响

试验采用二因素回归最优设计,研究了贵烟4号烘烤干筋恒定温度及持续时间对烤后烟叶香吃味评分及石油醚提取物含量的影响。结果表明：在干筋阶段当温度稳定在50℃~60℃持续时间5~20h时,烟叶香吃味评分和石油醚提取物含量表现出先增后降的抛物线曲线,最佳香吃味得分出现在温度54.3℃~57.0℃,持续时间为12.5~15.5h;最高石油醚提取物含量出现在温度54.3℃~56.3℃、持续时间5~12.5h时,二者具有较好的相关性。     

试论河北省海岸带土壤开发利用

本文对河北省海岸带土壤开发利用的指导思想是:因地制宜,发挥优势,克服障碍,通过综合措施,争取最佳效益.并据此提出了四项基本原则:①多层次地利用土壤资源,提高开发利用的综合性和总体性;②多方面地满足市场需求;③多变化地适应土壤环境,增进生产建设的稳定性和抗逆力;④多途径地改善土壤条件,不断提高土壤肥力和生产力.对河北省海岸带开发利用进行了土壤区划,划分出:①山海关—滦河口棕壤、潮土、风沙土林果农渔旅游区;②滦河口—涧河口潮土、水稻土、盐土农牧渔盐区;③北排河—大口河潮土、沼泽土、盐土旱地农业牧渔盐区.分区提出了开发利用途径和主要措施.     

安徽省水稻区试品种稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性分析

旨在明确2017-2020年安徽省参试水稻品种对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性情况.用人工喷雾接种和自然诱发相结合的方法测得品种对稻瘟病的抗性,用剪叶接菌方法测得品种对白叶枯病的抗性.结果 表明:659个水稻品种中,48.10％表现为中感稻瘟病,其次为中抗、感、高感,表现为抗病的品种仅占1.06％,没有高抗品种.51.59％表...     

Transnationalism through the life course: Hong Kong immigrants in Canada

Abstract: Transnationalism needs to be understood as a set of practices fashioned through the life course as well as in relation to contextual factors that include state policy and experiences of discrimination that affect entry to the labour force. The paradox of transnationalism is that families make strategic decisions to separate in order to maintain family unity and to advance the welfare of children. Emigrants from Hong Kong to Canada in the latter decades of the twentieth century were motivated by concern for family welfare and the quality of education in Canada. Yet economic livelihood prospects remained greater in Hong Kong than in Canada, prompting many families to become transnational ‘astronaut’ families with one or more members working in Hong Kong. Migration decisions tend to occur around key points of life‐course transition involving entry to and graduation from education, and entry to and exit from the labour force. Transnational practices are complex and multigenerational, involving different patterns for young adults, those in their middle years and the elderly.     

天津农业高校服务沿海都市型农业的路径选择

摘 要：天津农业发展的战略定位是发展沿海都市型现代农业,争取在全国率先基本实现农业现代化。实现天津沿海都市型现代农业的具体目标,必须充分发挥农业高校独特的人才、智力、学科与科技优势,树立科学的办学理念,创新人才培养模式,依据人才需求调整学科专业结构,改革教育教学模式,建立以农业高校为依托的农业科技推广与推广体系,构建农业高校毕业生通向农村的机制,引导毕业生到农村基层就业与创业。     

Tentative Research About the Macroscopic Regulating to Blast

The paper analyzes the difference of the pathogenic varieties and the relationship of the variety composition,allording to the historic material to the varieties of the main hybid fece varieties in Southeast Sichuan during 1992 to 1998.It's the first time to advance to use the camparison on rate of pathogenic isolates between norm and refrieving to define the susceptible extent of the varity.It's an scientific base to adjust the structures of the vartieties,to reach the objective of the macroscopic regulating to rice blast.