合肥地区春季大棚光温环境与番茄耐低温弱光指标的筛选

摘要：为了解合肥地区春季大棚内的光温环境,筛选番茄耐低温弱光的指标,为选择适于本地大棚栽培的番茄品种提供依据。通过对2008年3～4月份大棚内外温度、光照的观测和大棚内不同番茄品种的栽培试验,研究了大棚内外的光温环境,低温弱光对13个不同番茄品种苗期的叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率大小、MDA含量和SOD活性的影响。结果表明,春季大棚内温度在20℃左右、比棚外平均高5℃左右,大棚内光强平均为20kLx。多云或者阴雨天,大棚内出现低温弱光环境。不同番茄品种叶绿素含量不同,美洲豹、天福168叶绿素含量高,天福501净光合速率大,与其低温弱光的适应性一致。低温弱光处理对不同番茄品种叶片MDA的含量和SOD活性的影响不同。天福501、天福168番茄MDA显著低于对照、SOD活性则显著高于对照。文章对低温弱光环境与番茄耐低温弱光指标进行了讨论,指出苗期番茄叶片叶绿素含量水平和低温弱光下MDA含量是选择耐低温弱光番茄品种筛选的重要参考指标。     

Making a living on Flores,Indonesia: Why understanding surplus distribution is crucial to economic development

Donors and aid agencies are now looking to strategies of pro‐poor economic growth to raise living standards in developing countries. I critically examine how particular conceptualisations of economy and economic development shape the broader context within which pro‐poor growth approaches are implemented by governments and development agencies. While pro‐poor growth may expand a national economy, surplus will be distributed in a community and among individuals according to culturally specific logics. To exemplify this point I discuss the community economy of Bomolo on the remote, rural island of Flores, Indonesia. The Ngadha people of Bomolo are identified by the Indonesian state, religious organisations and development agencies as lacking and in need of economic development. Yet in Bomolo, gambling, although illegal and antithetical to development, is fantastically popular, and large amounts of cash surplus are spent on this popular pastime. I argue for more attention to the issue of surplus – the outcome of pro‐poor growth. In particular, I propose that surplus distribution is a crucial yet underdeveloped component of the growth equation.     

不同类型黄瓜苗期对亚适温弱光生理适应的差异

在单一弱光、单一亚适温及亚适温弱光下测定了不同类型黄瓜苗期的生理性状。结果表明 ,欧亚杂交品种在 3种逆境下各项生理指标均较高 ,各类型黄瓜遇单一弱光和亚适温弱光后光合速率都有一个降低又逐渐回升的过程 ,而在单一亚适温时光合速率下降不大。欧洲品种在单一弱光下叶面积、叶绿素含量高于亚洲品种 ,亚洲品种在单一亚适温时表现好于欧洲品种 ,欧洲品种可适应短期的单一亚适温。     

冷水江锑矿区重金属污染林地土壤肥力的综合评价

根据改进的内梅罗综合指数法,选择pH、有机质、碱解N、有效磷、速效钾五项因子,对冷水江锑矿区受重金属污染土壤肥力进行了综合评价, 结果表明联盟和长龙界点的土壤综合肥力为贫瘠,七里铺点的土壤综合肥力为一般。依据单项指标分析,三地点土壤有机质、速效K较丰富、有效P极度匮乏,但七里铺碱解氮较丰富,而联盟、长龙界点碱解氮缺乏。土壤肥力贫瘠是导致矿区林木生长不良、成活率不高的原因之一。     

张家界市武陵源区贫困村空间分布规律研究

为加速张家界市脱贫攻坚进程及其他旅游地区旅游扶贫提供重要依据。以该区2016 年初贫困村数据为基础,运用GIS 空间分析方法中的叠加分析、缓冲分析和密度分析3 种方法,通过探索张家界市武陵源区贫困村空间分布规律,对该区31 个贫困村空间分布规律进行研究。结果表明：景区和乡（镇）政府辐射作用明显,贫困村的数量呈现出随着景区和乡（镇）政府距离的递减而向外递增的态势;贫困村呈现沿进入景区主要交通干线分布,但主要交通干线对扶贫的作用微弱;贫困村在经济薄弱的地方呈现集聚特征,而在经济较好的地区集聚特征不明显。因此加强景区的带动和辐射作用是核心,提升基础设施建设是关键,强化政府机构扶贫职能是保障,为新形势下其他地区旅游精准扶贫提供重要的理论参考。     

Urban poverty alleviation strategies in Yogyakarta,Indonesia: Contrasting opportunities for community development

A multidimensional understanding of poverty includes the access of poor groups to decision‐making processes based on their needs and aspirations. However, the realisation of this ‘right to make decisions’ faces multiple obstacles. Over the last 20 years in Indonesia, in a context of a more democratic political environment and policy decentralisation, poverty alleviation policies have followed institutional arrangements to provide communities with opportunities for greater participation in development projects. Poverty data show a clear improvement in the living conditions of urban poor citizens in Indonesia; however, it is unclear whether poor communities have become stronger and more independent from public grants and better able to make their own decisions. This research analysed two urban poor communities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and found that some communities working on participatory poverty alleviation strategies still face obstacles to becoming more independent and making their own decisions because they remain part of an historical legacy of top‐down approaches to poverty, highly dependent on government support and working only within ‘invited spaces’. Conversely, those communities with more limited access to government funding have been more innovative in their strategies and have created ‘invented spaces’ for collective action that allows them to be more independent and empowered.     

我国粮仓建设技术探讨

介绍了我国建国四十多年来粮仓建设概况，对我国粮库设施存在的主要问题进行了剖析，存在的主要问题是；（1）库点多，仓型杂，缺乏整体规划，布局不合理;（2）新建粮库质量把关不严，粮库建设质量较差，新库机械化设备和品质监控手段不匹配；（3）粮仓建筑与储粮性能相关性差．重申了粮仓建筑合理与否与储粮安全休戚相关，对今后我国粮库的设置和建设，从设计原理、仓型选择、建筑要求、储粮工艺等方面进行了探讨，并对中国式现代化粮仓模式作了初步描述。     

Impact of Different Landscaping Waste Biochar Return-to-soil Modes on Plant Growth

Processing landscaping waste into biochar has been just initiated in China, biochar as a new soil improver has attracted wide concern home and abroad. This paper applied the pilot experiment method, and took Tulbaghia violacea and Malus micromalus cv. "American" as the test flower and tree to explore the impact of different biochar return-to-soil modes on plant growth. It was found that biocharcoveredsoil promoted the growth of both species efficiently, and relieved the poor growth, compared with the control group, biochar-covered-soil reduced yellow leaves, dead leaves and poor growth vigor of T.violacea by 47.8%, 20% and 100%, respectively, and it reduced poor growth, dead branch rate and root tiller germination of M. micromalus cv. "American" by 80%, 62.5% and 50%. The results showed that biocharcoveredsoil was better than biochar-mixing-soil.     

农村人力资本现状及成因分析

摘要：我国农村人力资本积累起点低,农业从业人员大部分是小学和初中文化程度的劳动者。后续的人力资本投资又存在着一系列的问题。农村劳动力医疗保健投资少且主要投资在疾病治疗上;农村劳动力培训投资少,人力资本积累不足,农民增收后劲乏力。造成农村人力资本现状的原因是多方面的。一方面,政府对农村人力资本投资没有足够的重视,财政投入少;农村劳动力培训本身存在着一系列的问题。另一方面,农民收入有限,特别是农民思想观念陈旧、落后,跟不上时代的发展。     

Some causes of poor fruit set in Jucunda strawberries

Summary A study was made of the possible causes of poor fruit set occurring in the strawberry variety Jucunda. In experiments in which plants were exposed to different constant temperatures from the beginning of flowering it was found that fruit set in Jucunda was normal at temperatures of 17°C and higher, but decreased rapidly at lower temperatures to a very low level at 10°C. In other experiments, in which in each case the temperature treatments were started a different number of days before the begining of flowering, fruit set was always lower than in the experiments mentioned above, but here too the unfavourable effect of lower temperatures was quite distinct. The experimental results indicate that poor fruit set is Jucunda results from inadequate pollen production and that it will occur if temperatures during the period of flowering are below 17°C, and possibly also if temperatures at some time before flowering are higher than the normal temperatures prevailing in the field during that period.Fruit set in the variety Juspa which originated from a cross between Jucunda and the American variety Sparkle, showed sensitivity to temperatures before and during flowering which was identical, if less pronounced, with that of Jucunda. Thus it was confirmed that poor fruit set in Jucunda can be passed on to its progeny. The results of these experiments indicate under which conditions selection against poor fruit set can be effectively carried out in progenies derived from Jucunda.     

The Particle Properties of Panzhihua Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate

In order to investigate how to increase the concentrate sintering productivity,the particle properties of the concentrate have been studied. It was found that the essential reasons for low sintering productivity are the difficulties to pelletize and poor permeability because of particle' s size bigger,smooth surface, poor activity and hydrophobe.     

基于遥感影像的县域贫困度评估方法

贫困是当今世界普遍面临的问题之一,阻碍着中国的经济发展、社会稳定以及环境保护。近年来,中国的脱贫工作取得了显著成效,但长期以来对贫困区认定缺乏科学、合理的识别方法,扶贫资金和项目指向不准等问题仍较为突出。因此,贫困区域的有效瞄准和识别对新时期扶贫开发具有重大意义。本文以山东省30经济贫困县和30经济强县中的12个县为样本。首先通过对贫困县的县年鉴查询,确定以农民人均纯收入作为贫困度标准,对比年鉴数据筛选判别贫困县的指标,不同年份进行对比,选取距海洋距离、人均粮食面积、公路里程和人均新增建设用地面积为遥感指标,确定指标权重,然后构建贫困度遥感评估模型。结果表明,模型决定系数为0.5934,两者极显著相关。基于数据分析和遥感影像对比得出的贫困县的评价标准以及指标评估分析得到的贫困度县域均与现有贫困县有很好的对应,与山东省贫困县分布现状基本吻合,综合考虑了贫困现状及其潜在可能性,评估更加全面和深入。因此基于遥感进行县域贫困度识别评价具有一定的可行性。该研究可为县域贫困度评价和动态监测提供参考。     

浅析磷化氢熏蒸杀虫不彻底的成因及对策

文章从仓虫的抗药性，低剂量熏蒸，仓房的气密性，高温熏落，“四无”活动，杀虫效果的单一化判断、药剂的纯度，检测手段等方面分析了磷化氢熏蒸杀虫不彻底的成因，并在此基础上提出合理使用磷化氢，进行综合防治的对策，以最大限度地减弱、延缓仓虫抗性的发展。     

Effect of environment and genotype on bread-making quality of spring-sown spring wheat cultivars in China

Improvement of end-use quality in bread wheat depends on a thorough understanding of current wheat quality and the influences of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype by environment interaction (G × E) on quality traits. Thirty-nine spring-sown spring wheat (SSSW) cultivars and advanced lines from China were grown in four agro-ecological zones comprising seven locations during the 1998 and 1999 cropping seasons. Data on 12 major bread-making quality traits were used to investigate the effect of G, E, and G × E on these traits. Wide range variability for protein quantity and quality, starch quality parameters and milling quality in Chinese SSSW was observed. Genotype and environment were found to significantly influence all quality parameters as major effects. Kernel hardness, flour yield, Zeleny sedimentation value and mixograph properties were mainly influenced by the genetic variance components, while thousand kernel weight, test weight, and falling number were mostly influenced by the environmental variance components. Genotype, environment, and their interaction had important effects on test weight, mixing development time and RVA parameters. Cultivars originating from Zone VI (northeast) generally expressed high kernel hardness, good starch quality, but poor milling and medium to weak mixograph performance; those from Zone VII (north) medium to good gluten and starch quality, but low milling quality; those from Zone VIII (central northwest) medium milling and starch quality, and medium to strong mixograph performance; those from Zone IX (western/southwestern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) medium milling quality, but poor gluten strength and starch parameters; and those from Zone X (northwest) high milling quality, strong mixograph properties, but low protein content. Samples from Harbin are characterized by good gluten and starch quality, but medium to poor milling quality; those from Hongxinglong by strong mixograph properties, medium to high milling quality, but medium to poor starch quality and medium to low protein content; those from Hohhot by good gluten but poor milling quality; those from Linhe by weak gluten quality, medium to poor milling quality; those from Lanzhou by poor bread-making and starch quality; those from Yongning by acceptable bread-making and starch quality and good milling quality; and those from Urumqi by good milling quality, medium gluten quality and good starch pasting parameters. Our findings suggest that Chinese SSSW quality could be greatly enhanced through genetic improvement for targeted well-characterized production environments.     

广西国家级贫困县贫困类型划分与扶贫对策研究

贫困长期以来备受世界各国政府关注,广西是我国西南地区贫困人口分布较为密集的地区之一,贫困问题呈现多样化特点,为进一步探讨广西贫困乡村类型,推进广西精准扶贫工作。本文以广西区国家级贫困县为研究对象,从人口、经济、资源、社会四个方面选取影响贫困的28个指标,利用SPSS进行主成分分析,得出制约广西贫困的主成分,并在此基础上将影响贫困的主成分作为变量,对广西的贫困县进行聚类分析。结果表明：1)制约广西贫困的主要的因子为：“人口”因子、“经济收入”因子、“交通基础设施”因子,“工业化程度”因子、“农业机械化水平”因子、“通讯”因子、“教育”因子;2)广西贫困县的地域类型可划分为三类：农业生产力-工业化水平较低型贫困县,交通通讯基建落后型贫困县,文化教育落后型贫困县三大类,并针对各类型贫困县提出相应的减贫脱贫对策建议。     

Power and poverty: the Shapla Neer experience

This report to the Poverty, Prosperity and Progress conference examines the village–level development programmes of Shapla Neer, a Japanese NGO which has been operating in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. Shapla Neer’s experiences offer hard–won lessons for development practitioners: the need for effective targeting; the desirability of self–employment as a livelihood option for poor households; the necessity of close monitoring; the need to target women; and the need for the poor to gain a political voice. An overarching lesson is that development programmes will be most successful when their design is based on an understanding of the relationship between power and poverty.     

巴中革命老区贫困县旅游资源开发扶贫研究

巴中市南江县是一个国家级贫困县,发展旅游经济对带动贫困农户致富具有重要意义。分析南江县农村贫困特点和旅游扶贫开发的现状与基础条件,提出旅游扶贫开发对策。结果表明：南江县域贫困人口多,恩格尔系数大,区域连片贫困,多数年份的农业纯收益为负,依托于光雾山风景区进行旅游扶贫开发有效果但不显著。主要结论：南江县扶贫出路在“三农”之外;进一步实施旅游扶贫开发的优势条件已经形成,但尚需克服投入、人才、体制、营销和文化挖掘等5个瓶颈,构建旅游整合特色农产品开发机制、当地老百姓参与旅游开发机制势在必行。     

农林高校贫困生心理问题及和谐化育 ——基于西北农林科技大学的实证研究

在对西北农林科技大学贫困生心理问题进行调研的基础上，分析了农林高校贫困生心理问题的表现及成因，揭示了和谐化育的原则和有效路径。处理好“四个和谐”：身处逆境和艰苦奋斗的和谐；物质资助和精神关爱的和谐；贫困生成才和成人的和谐；家庭、学校、政府和社会救助的和谐。     

富含多糖的转基因石斛基因组DNA提取方法(英文)

在石斛兰转基因研究中,需通过PCR和Southern杂交等手段检测外源基因是否转入并整合到转化植株基因组.由于转化石斛植株生长缓慢,且含有多糖,因此从转化植株中提取高质量的基因组DNA以尽快对转基因苗进行分子检测存在较大困难.本研究旨在通过改良现有的DNA提取法(CTAB法或SDS法1,克服转化石斛植株基因组DNA提取中碰到的产量低,纯度不高而导致难以进行PCR或酶切等问题.在本研究所用的3种改良法中,方法Ⅱ能从少量的转化石斛苗中提取出高产量和高纯度的基因组DNA.研究结果表明方法Ⅱ提取的基因组DNA完全适用于转基因石斛的外源基因PCR扩增,限制性酶切和Southern杂交分析.     

Optimization of power distribution with annealing genetic algorithm

The traditional genetic algorithm easily converges to slow speed, leads to a poor climbing ability and shows weak static stability and robustness when seeking a solution. On the basis of analyzing multi-constrained and multi-objective optimization model o