杏种质资源部分数量性状的分级指标探讨

为了充分发挥中国杏新品种DUS测试指南的指导作用,在测试指南研制过程中,通过调查果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度以及衍生性状果实纵径／横径、果实侧径／横径、叶片长度／宽度、叶片长／叶柄长的变异及分布情况,确定了这些性状的分级取值区间,探讨了分级标准。为进一步制定杏DUS测试指南提供了重要依据。     

Analysis and description of first year's growth of Salix alba L. clones

To distinguish twelve clones of Salix alba L. in the first year of growth, three major characters were selected by numerical analysis: length/width ratio of leaf blade, length of petiole and position of maximum width of leaf blade.Other characters are sometimes of additional use: length and width of the leaves; length/width ratio of the leaf bud; incisions of the margin and shape of base of the leaf blades; colour of the upper and lower side of the petiole; intensity of hairiness of the upper and lower side of the leaf.     

我国涉农企业创新人才的需求与培养——政产学研结合，构筑涉农企业创新人才孵化平台

在总结前人对创新人才培养模式理论与实践研究的基础上,结合涉农企业创新人才需求的国内外背景,笔者运用因果分析和决策分析的思想方法,分析中国涉农企业创新人才的获得与培养问题及其成因,从政产学研合作平台构筑的角度,提出促进涉农企业创新人才吸引和孵化的对策,具体包括构建科学合理的人才培养协商机制、人才培养价值链多环节协同机制和基于多主体利益最优的成本价值反馈机制3个方面。     

Influence of Warm Intervals on the Effects of Vernalization and the Composition of Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Seedlings of Winter Wheat

Excised embryos of winter wheat were submitted to a different number of vernalization (2 °C) and devernalization (20 °C) cycles of different lengths. In all treatments sum of cold and warm intervals was 50 and 10 days, respectively. The influence of different temperature conditions of seedling growth on the effectiveness of vernalization and correlations between effectiveness of vernalization and final content of phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed.
All indexes of generative development of plants (length of vegetative phase, % of generative plants, number of side shoots) showed the most effective was uninterrupted vernalization beginning immediately after excision of embryos. Increasing the number of 2 ° C/20 °C cycles rapidly depressed effectiveness of vernalization, which reached the minimum with the 8.3 days at 2 °C and 2 days at 20 °C cycle and then improved again as cycles became shorter and more numerous.
Correlations between indexes of generative plant growth and indexes describing composition of fatty acids in seedlings showed that from 50 % to 60 % of variability in the composition of phospholipid can be associated with changes in the degree of generative induction. A higher degree of generative induction was associated with a higher share of < 16, 16: 0 and 18:2 acids and a lower share of 18: 3 acid and also with a lower value of the 16: 0/< 16 ratio of phospholipids.
The relation between the generative induction of plants and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids may however be blurred when induction proceeds under conditions of alternate short spells of vernalization and devernalization temperatures.     

国内农业核心期刊新媒体应用现状分析

统计分析国内农业核心期刊新媒体应用数据和《中国科技期刊引证报告》(2015年版)农业核心期刊影响因子,旨在为新媒体环境下农业科技期刊发展策略研究提供支持。研究发现,农业核心期刊新媒体应用总体上呈现出"分散"的特点;不同学科新媒体的应用存在较大的差距;在同一学科中,应用新媒体的农业核心期刊的影响因子比未应用新媒体的期刊高。农业核心期刊新媒体应用现状拓展了科技期刊新媒体应用研究,为新媒体应用策略研究提供基础支持。新媒体应用有效提升农业核心期刊的影响力,将成为今后农业核心期刊影响力提升的主要措施。     

不同浓度的硫酸钠条件下光果甘草种子和苦豆子种子的萌发特性研究

用不同浓度的Na2SO4对光果甘草种子和苦豆子种子萌发的影响进行了研究。结果表明:在不同浓度的Na2SO4条件下,光果甘草种子和苦豆子种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和胚根胚芽生长长度均随着盐浓度的增加而下降。但在浓度为2.4%时,光果甘草种子仍能保持91.7%的发芽率,而苦豆子种子发芽率为0。光果甘草种子发芽的最适盐浓度为2.4%或2.4%以上,暂无临界浓度和极限浓度。而苦豆子种子发芽的最适盐浓度为1.8%,临界盐浓度为1.9%,极限盐浓度为2.4%。光果甘草种子的发芽指数和活力指数都比苦豆子种子高,而盐害率比苦豆子种子低。盐浓度提高到2.4%时,光果甘草种子的盐害率只有8%,而苦豆子种子为100%,由此可以确定,光果甘草种子抗Na2SO4盐的能力非常强,能适应含Na2SO4盐量高达2.4%以上的恶劣的生态环境。而苦豆子种子抗Na2SO4盐的能力相对较弱,只能适应含盐量为1.8%的土壤条件。对胚根胚芽生长来讲,在各浓度的Na2SO4盐条件下,胚根胚芽生长受到的影响都比较小,但胚根生长受到的影响比胚芽大。     

基于变温层积的激素处理对大百合种胚后熟的影响

为解决大百合种子胚后熟引起的休眠问题，以云南哀牢山自然保护区大百合种子为试验材料，采用不同激素结合变温层积处理的方法对大百合种子进行研究。结果表明，在大百合种子变温层积90天后加入6-BA 50 mg/L浸泡24 h 能促进胚生长，胚率为45.873%（层积120 天后）、萌发率45.33%（从第1粒种子萌发开始30天后统计萌发率），发芽时间较空白对照提前6天，同样层积条件下加入6-BA 20 mg/L的胚率为23.008%，萌发率为30.33%，加入SNP 13.9 mg/L 的胚率为27.163%，萌发率为31.33%；空白对照胚率为16.741%，萌发率为26.67%。综合胚率、萌发率和发芽时间筛选出层积90 天后加入6-BA50 mg/L浸泡24 h有利于大百合种子胚后熟并促进种子萌发。     

Adsorption Characteristics of Pb ~(2+) in Pb-Zn Mine Rock of Yunnan

Under the condition of static state, adsorption characteristics of rock in Pb Zn mine of Yunnan have been studied by using conductance method and fractal geometry theory. For sand rock and breccia , the pH of solution in the process of dissolving increases and finally approaches 7, and pH increases slowly for the later because of the compaction of breccia . The conductivity of solution increases with the increase of time when the concentration of Pb 2+ is lower, whereas when the concentration of Pb 2+ is higher. In the process of adsorption ions in rock are entered in solution. Adsorption capacities ( Q ) of two rocks are bigger, and the Q of Pb 2+ in them obey Freundlich experiential formula. The process of adsorption is fractal like, and mean while the kinetics equation is derived.Ability of adsorption of sand rock is weakened while the temperature of the solution is increased.     

Experimental Study on Sediment Problems of Navigation in the Course of Construction in the Three Gorges Project

This paper introduces some resarch results on sediment model experiment of navigation in the course of construction. including the laws of erosion and deposit change of sediment in dam area,depositional configuration of sediment in the approaches of temporal ship lock, distribution and surface sea-level of deposition,speed of return deposition, volume of deposition of frustrating navigation, grain grade of deposition and the effect of deposition on navigable condition in open channel and temporal ship lock and so on. Some measures of amelioration are presented,which have important value to the construction of the project.     

新疆伊犁河谷红地球品种葡萄贮藏现状及保鲜产业发展对策

介绍红地球品种葡萄的耐贮运特征特性,分析新疆伊犁河谷红地球品种葡萄贮藏保鲜现状与存在的问题,提出提高新疆伊犁河谷红地球品种葡萄耐贮运能力的技术措施,并从我国农产品保鲜产业的战略高度,指出加快红地球品种葡萄等农产品物流保鲜技术产业化研发应用与联动升级的对策与建议。     

种植密度和施氮水平与白肋烟叶片组织结构的关系

用切片显微观察的方法,探索种植密度与施氮水平下,白肋烟各部位叶片组织结构的变化。结果表明,叶片厚、栅栏组织厚、海绵组织厚、组织比、栅栏组织厚/叶片厚、上表皮厚、栅栏组织细胞宽与种植密度呈显著或极显著负相关,三部位平均叶片厚、上下表皮厚、栅栏组织细胞宽降率从15000~18000株/hm2﹥18000~21000株/hm2,栅栏组织厚、海绵组织厚、组织比、栅栏组织厚/叶片厚降率15000~18000株/hm2﹤18000~21000株/hm2;与施氮量呈显著或极显著正相关,三部位平均叶片厚、海绵组织厚、下表皮厚增率240~300kg/hm2﹥300~360kg/hm2,栅栏组织厚、组织比、上表皮厚、栅栏组织厚/叶片厚、栅栏组织细胞宽增率则是240~300kg/hm2﹤300~360kg/hm2,密度因素对三部位叶片组织结构（平均）影响效应,叶片厚、栅栏组织厚、组织比、上下表皮、栅栏组织细胞宽大于施氮因素,而海绵组织厚小于施氮因素,两因素对栅厚/叶厚影响效应均等。综合试验结果,种植密度18000~19500株/hm2,氮用量270~300kg/hm2较为适宜。     

小麦质不育系及其保持系花药中SOD同工酶和脂质过氧化作用初步研究

对小麦Ｔ型和Ｐ型细胞质雄性不育系及保持系花药中ＳＯＤ活性、ＳＯＤ同工酶及脂质过氧化作用的研究结果表明，单核期不育系花药中的ＳＯＤ活性比保持系略低，ＳＯＤ同工酶带数与保持系相同。到二核期和三核期不育系花药中缺少一条ＳＯＤ同工酶带，ＳＯＤ活性也比保持系明显降低。不育系花药在三个发育时期的ＭＤＡ含量均明显高于保持系。同时发现在三核期不育系旗叶减少一条ＳＯＤ同工酶带。体内活性氧清除能力降低及脂质过氧化用加     

MVC模式在上海市农业科学院庄行综合试验站信息管理平台的应用

上海市农业科学院庄行综合试验站（以下简称“院综合试验站”）信息管理平台的开发源于院信息化建设的需要,也是为了整合试验站的资源,进一步有效提高试验站生产资料的利用率。基于院综合试验站的信息管理建设要求,本研究体现了以MVC模式为核心搭建院信息管理平台的理念。平台基于B/S结构,以.NET和XML为开发底层,充分发挥MVC模式优越性、SQL SERVER数据库高效、安全与容灾特性,合理设计平台框架,实现了各种信息的综合管理功能。本平台可以静态发布所有的相关栏目,平台充分考虑安全性问题,运用用户角色定制和功能模块定制赋予的实现,使平台内的用户始终在可掌控的范围内进行相关管理与操作。     

Microbial heterotrophy in an effluent treatment system using macrophytes

The heterotrophic activities of suspended microbes (bacterioplankton), of ‘aufwuchs’ (epiphytic microbes), of microbes in the surface of sludge (solids settled out of the waste-water) and sediment (soil) layers and of microbes at the air-water interface of a macrophyte bed receiving piggery effluent, were compared. Comparisons were based on ¹⁴C-glucose and ¹⁴C-acetate uptake kinetics, after modification of existing methods. The heterotrophic activities of bacterioplankton exceeded those of aufwuchs, especially for acetate metabolism. The contribution of the microbes of the sludge was about 25% of that of the bacterioplakton, but the contributions of the microbes of the sediments and those of the air-water interface were negligible. Stabilization of effluents before discharge to macrophyte beds could improve overall treatment but, when waste-waters are filtered through the substrata of artificial macrophyte beds, heterotrophic activities might be enhanced.     

新疆干旱区与青海寒区菊芋品种比较与优化栽培技术

本试验主要进行了南芋1号、青芋2号、青芋1号和能芋1号在青海及新疆非耕地品种比较和低成本优质栽培技术研究。结果如下：南芋1号、青芋2号、青芋1号和能芋1号在青海大通县生物学特性表现不一致,南芋1号和青芋2号产量较高,南芋1号、青芋2号、青芋1号和能芋1号在新疆表现与在青海大通县表现完全不同,南芋1号块茎及生物产量显著高于其他三个品种。在新疆,南芋1号在E处理下产量最高,在C处理下最低,不同处理下单株块茎个数也不同,同样,青芋2号在E处理下产量最高,而在C处理下最低,不同处理下单株块茎个数也不同,说明不同试验处理对南芋1号和青芋2号块茎影响显著。在青海,南芋1号在E处理下产量最高,而在B处理下最低,不同处理下单株块茎个数也不同,说明在青海不同试验处理对南芋1号块茎影响显著。而青芋2号产量较南芋1号高,在B处理下产量最高,而在E处理下较低,不同处理下单株块茎个数也不同,说明不同试验处理对青芋2号块茎影响也显著。在新疆和青海不同耕作措施对菊芋块茎产量和块茎个数影响较显著。     

转基因香石竹中间试验的农艺性状评价

为了研究转基因香石竹品系月之霓裳Moonshade、月之伊人Moonlite及其亲本品种FE123在农艺性状方面是否存在差异,提供转基因香石竹的环境安全性评价数据,我们对植物生长和开花时期的农艺性状数据进行统计学分析。结果表明：这两个转基因香石竹品系与其受体品种在越夏能力、侧枝数目、植株高度、叶片宽度、叶片厚度、花的直径、花冠高度、花柱数目、花萼数目、雄蕊数目等性状上没有显著差异,而植株茎粗、叶片长度和花瓣数目差异极显著。此外,月之伊人Moonlite的花柱长度小于亲本品种,差异极显著。     

Experimental Study on the Antitussive,Apophlegmatic and Antiasthmatic Effect of Extract of Jianhua

[Objective]To explore the antitussive,apophlegmatic and antiasthmatic effect of extract of Jianhua. [Methods]The antitussive, apophlegmatic and antiasthmatic effect of extract of Jianhua was studied by animal models. Control group,low-dosage group of extract of Jianhua,medium-dosage group of extract of Jianhua,high-dosage group of extract of Jianhua and positive medication group were included in the experiment. [Results] Compared with control group,low,medium and high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly inhibit cough induced by stronger ammonia water( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); medium and high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly increase phenol red excretion in the respiratory tract of mice( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly prolong the incubation of asthma in guinea pigs induced by citric acid( P 0. 05). [Conclusions]The extract of Jianhua had significant effect of relieving a cough,eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma.     

蜀葵种子水浸液对西瓜和枸杞的化感作用

研究蜀葵种子水浸液对西瓜和枸杞的化感作用,为植物化感作用的理论研究提供参考。采用生物测定法,用不同浓度的蜀葵种子水浸液处理西瓜、枸杞的种子和幼苗,研究其化感作用。结果表明：（1）不同浓度的蜀葵种子水浸液对西瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,对枸杞幼苗的苗高、鲜重有促进作用;（2）当蜀葵种子水浸液浓度为0.005 g/mL、0.010 g/mL时对枸杞种子萌发和幼苗生长表现为化感促进作用,浓度为0.020 g/mL时对枸杞种子的发芽率、幼苗根长、根鲜重表现为化感抑制作用。综上,蜀葵种子水浸液可抑制西瓜种子的萌发和幼苗的生长,对枸杞幼苗的苗高、鲜重的增加有促进作用。     

小麦耐盐性研究进展

笔者从盐胁迫对种子萌发和出苗的影响、农艺性状对盐胁迫的反应、盐胁迫下渗透调节物质的积累、抗氧化酶活性、盐胁迫下小麦对K+、Na+吸收运输的选择性、多胺含量、质膜NADPH氧化酶活性、盐胁迫对小麦光合作用的影响等8个方面对近年来小麦耐盐性研究的成果进行了概述。     

红小豆种质资源子粒色泽及出沙率的遗传变异

对我国主产区红小豆地方品种资源中随机抽取的335份、日本25份和韩国2份材料子粒色泽和出沙率进行了鉴定评价。结果表明，红小豆粒色红度值（a^＊）平均为19．71，粒色偏灰暗，变幅为13．0—26．0；黄度值（b^＊）平均为9．58，变幅为5．2-16．8；亮度值（L^＊）平均为26．47，变幅为18．1—34．0；出沙率平均值为68．08％，变幅为61．90％-75．98％；地区间显示出明显差异。a^＊、b^＊、L^＊和出沙率4个性状均具有较高的遗传变异，但粒色a^＊、b^＊和L^＊的广义遗传力值h^2较高，出沙率的广义遗传力较低。筛选出红度值超过24．0的种质资源6份，筛选出亮度值超过30．0的种质资源16份，筛选出黄度值超过13．0的种质资源8份，筛选出出沙率高于73．5％资源8份。