母犬繁殖系统几种常见疾病及其治疗

1子宫蓄脓母犬子宫蓄脓是指在子宫内蓄积多量的脓性分泌物,按子宫颈开放与否可分为闭锁型与开放型。多数发生于7岁以上老犬,未绝育的老年母犬发生率相当高。本病常继发于化脓性子宫内膜炎及急、慢性     

一例犬子宫蓄脓与子宫性腹股沟疝的诊疗

犬子宫蓄脓是指发情间期内脓性物质在雌性犬的子宫腔内蓄积，并伴有子宫内膜异常增生和细菌感染。子宫蓄脓是子宫腔和子宫内膜的疾病，最终会导致子宫壁的完全增厚并会引起动物的全身症状。根据发病后子宫颈的开放程度，子宫蓄脓可以分为开放型和闭锁型两类。开放型子宫蓄脓的症状就是在发情后4-8周会从患犬的阴道流出血样或黏液脓性分泌物。闭锁性的子宫蓄脓由于没有明显的阴道分泌物，当出现临床症状时已经比较危险。子宫蓄脓的病因主要来自内分泌紊乱、发情、配种、生产时的不结行为引起的细菌感染、激素治疗史、子宫内膜炎史等。     

犬子宫蓄脓病因学研究进展

犬子宫蓄脓是临床上常见的产科疾病,据临床症状可将其分为闭锁型子宫蓄脓和开放型子宫蓄脓。犬子宫蓄脓主要发生在犬发情后期,此期受孕酮浓度增加和雌激素浓度降低的影响,使子宫细胞的免疫水平降低。孕酮浓度增加使子宫内膜增生和腺体分泌增加,同样有利于外来细菌的生长、繁殖。子宫黏膜受到外来细菌的入侵发生病变,子宫分泌物增多。若在子宫颈关闭的情况下,不会有分泌物排出;但若子宫颈处于开放状态,则主要排出恶臭、多血的黏液脓性分泌物。另外,犬子宫蓄脓的发生与犬的年龄、品种可能也有一定的相关性。总之,犬子宫蓄脓是在子宫内膜囊性增生、孕酮对子宫内膜连续刺激和细菌感染等因素作用下的子宫炎性病变表现。     

犬子宫蓄脓的诊断与治疗

子宫蓄脓(pyometrium)是指子宫内蓄积大量脓液并伴有子宫内膜增生性炎症和子宫脓肿的总称.本病一年四季均可发生,多发于发情后未受孕的中、老年犬.京巴、巴哥、博美、吉娃娃等中小型犬以及频发假孕的犬发病率最高.1分类1.1根据子宫颈是否开张分根据子宫颈开放程度,子宫蓄脓可分为开放型和封闭型两类.开放型子宫蓄脓的明显症状是阴门有血样或黏脓性分泌物流出,封闭型子宫蓄脓没有明显的阴道分泌物.     

泰迪犬子宫蓄脓症的诊断与治疗

子宫蓄脓是指子宫内膜异常增生,并继发病原微生物的感染,形成多量粘液脓性或血性分泌物,蓄积于子宫腔内的一种疾病。按子宫颈口的开放与否分为开放型子宫蓄脓和闭锁型子宫蓄脓。闭锁型子宫蓄脓,由于脓汁无法排出,易继发脓毒败血症,而造成死亡。本病多见于发情后2～3月的未经产犬或屡配不孕的中高龄犬只。4岁泰迪犬来我院就诊。腹围增大、精神沉     

犬闭合型子宫蓄脓一例的诊治

闭合型子宫蓄脓是相对于开放型子宫蓄脓的另一临床类型。是因子宫内膜炎症，同时伴有子宫颈口的异常闭合，导致脓性分泌物完全不能向外排泄，而在子宫腔内蓄积的一种疾病。笔者于2004年11月19日遇到一例，经手术治疗，一周后康复。由于闭合型子宫蓄脓较开放型在临床诊断和治疗上有一定难度，故将其报告如下。     

1 例犬子宫蓄脓的诊治

子宫蓄脓指子宫腔内积有脓液,一般继发于化脓性子宫内膜炎、急性子宫内膜炎及慢性子宫内膜炎;子宫因感染而敏感,子宫颈口持续闭锁或子宫肌肉松弛为发病原因;化脓性乳房炎及其他部位化脓灶转移也是诱因之一。犬子宫蓄脓常发生在犬发情后期,临床表现为阴道有脓性或血性分泌物。     

犬子宫蓄脓的诊断及治疗

犬子宫蓄脓是指在犬子宫内蓄积多量的脓性分泌物,其特征是子宫内有不同程度的粘稠黏液,按子宫颈开放与否可分为闭锁型和开放型两种。1病因(1)囊性子宫内膜增生:是与年龄有关的子宫内膜增生性和退行性病变的连续作用的结果。随着此过程的发展,慢性炎症的扩散,淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸     

犬子宫蓄脓病例分析

犬的子宫蓄脓是子宫内膜继发病原微生物感染引起的疾病，多发生于发情后2～3个月的初产犬或屡配不孕的中高龄犬。临床上多见患犬阴道有脓性或血性分泌物排出。当患犬子宫颈口闭锁或子宫颈过细不能排出脓汁时，导致子宫内蓄积大量脓汁。根据子宫颈开放与否可分为闭锁和开放两类。     

犬子宫蓄脓症的诊断与治疗

犬的子宫蓄脓是子宫内膜继发病原微生物感染引起的疾病,多发生于发情后2~3个月的初产犬或屡配不孕的中高龄犬。临床上多见患犬阴道有脓性或血性分泌物排出。当患犬子宫颈口闭锁或子宫颈过细不能排出脓汁时,导致子宫内蓄积大量脓汁。根据子宫颈开放与否可分为闭锁和开放两种类型     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …