国家计委、财政部、国内贸易局发出通知蔬菜批发市场可获财政贴息贷款

日前,国家计委、财政部和国家国内贸易局联合发出《关于蔬菜批发市场财政贴息贷款有关问题的通知》。通知规定：贷款的使用范围及项目条件：贷款的使用范围为全国性或区域性重要的蔬菜批发市场项目或以经营蔬菜为主的农副产品批发市场项目。项目应有利于建立全国新型科学的“菜篮子”商品流通体系,促进“菜篮子”商品的生产流通,对全国蔬菜的平衡和调运及保证大中城市居民蔬菜供应具有重要作用。项目必须符合国家“菜篮子”建设规划。符台国家基本建设项目审批程序,具有较好的市场前景和经济效益。优先安排国有商业项目,以发挥国有企业…     

蔬菜的运输方式

所谓蔬菜运输就是指采用各种工具和设备 ,通过多种方式使蔬菜商品在区域之间实现位置移动的过程。它是蔬菜商品在流通过程中形成物流的媒介 ,也是蔬菜商品化生产的继续。蔬菜的运输业越发达 ,越能促进蔬菜基地的商品化生产 ,加速蔬菜商品的流通 ,扩大流量 ,活跃蔬菜经济 ,对于蔬菜周年生产和均衡供应都有重要意义。蔬菜空间移动的基本要求是“及时、准确、安全、经济”。蔬菜运输应考虑流通区域间的交通运输条件 ,选择适宜的运输工具及运输形式 ,力求用最少的时间 ,走最短的路 ,花最低的成本 ,以最有效的商品保护 ,安全及时地将蔬菜商品运达…     

试论蔬菜销售质量、包装规格化

蔬菜生产现代化、销售超级化、产销一体化,这是上海“菜篮子”工程建设的最终目标之一。市政府要求蔬菜销售质量、包装规格化,今年试点、明年推广、后年普及。在试点中,既要认真做好各项工作,又要量力而行。蔬菜质量、包装规格化是指商品在销售过程中,具有优质、洁净(包括鲜嫩)整齐、方便、快速的特点。它标志着销售商品的水     

科学巧种一分地 辛苦可换万元来(上)──介绍一分棚室地的几种高效特色栽培模式

温室大棚是我国北方冬季生产蔬菜的保护地措施．长期以来大多用于冬春季生产西红柿、茄子、辣椒等茄果类蔬菜，早春黄瓜、西葫芦等瓜类蔬菜及韭菜、芹菜等绿叶蔬菜。近年，伴随全国南北农区大面积商品蔬菜远销基地的建立和商品蔬菜全国性流通大市场的形成，以寿光为代表的山东省大面积商品蔬菜运销东北，并已形成较大的市场占有份额。由于这一影响及本区近年各地又新增加较大的保护地面积，因而使蔬菜产销及价格的竞争变得更加激烈。对于占有相当大比例的多年一贯制生产固定品种蔬菜的地区及菜农则所受影响更大，最明显的就是产销的逐年比较…     

湖南蔬菜工厂化商品育苗现状及发展思路

通过分析湖南省蔬菜工厂化商品育苗的发展现状,指出了湖南蔬菜工厂化商品育苗在规模、技术、品种、市场等方面存在的问题,并针对上述问题提出了相应的解决措施及发展思路。     

播种期、品种对白菜抽薹的影响

白菜是人们喜食的一种大众化蔬菜,在全国栽培种植量很大,是我国调节春夏之间蔬菜淡季的重要蔬菜之一,在克服春淡和秋淡,实现蔬菜周年均衡供应中起着不可替代的作用。生产上每年春播时都有不同程度的提早抽薹,使白菜品质下降,口感下降,严重影响着白菜的产量和商品性能,尤其是在北方,     

青海高原外向型商品蔬菜发展的优势与前景分析

现代农业生产是一种开放型、效益型的商品生产，蔬菜则在农产品中被列为重要的商品进入市场，参与竞争，只有建立蔬菜生产基地，进行区域化、专业化、规模化、品质化、品种多样化和新颖化的蔬菜生产，才能在竞争中立于不败之地。我县地处青海高原地区，只有充分发挥高原“绿色食品”蔬菜无污染、无公害等自然资源优势，才能正确地把握省内外及国内外蔬菜市场的变化规律，进而全面分析湟中县发展外向型商品蔬菜的优势与前景，并提出进一步发展的思路，使之既能成为理想的商品蔬菜生产基地，又能拓宽致富渠道，增加农民的收入，大大增强农村经…     

湟中县外向型商品蔬菜发展的优势与前景分析

现代农业生产是一种开放型、效益型的商品生产、蔬菜则是农产品中列为重要的商品进入市场，参与竞争。只有建立蔬菜生产基地，进行区域化、专业化、规模化、品质化、品种多样化和新颖化的蔬菜生产，才能在竞争中立于不败之地。我县只有充分发挥高原“绿色食品”蔬菜无污染、无公害等自然资源优势，才能正确把握省内外及国内外蔬菜市场变化规律。分析湟中县发展外向型商品蔬菜的优势与前景并提出进一步发展的思路，使之既能成为理想的商品蔬菜菜生产基地，又能拓宽致富渠道，增加农民的收入。１自然资源优势１．１光热资源较为丰富。我县位于…     

无公害蔬菜生产技术要点(一)

无公害蔬菜是指蔬菜中有毒有害物质控制在标准规定限量范围之内的商品蔬菜。蔬菜产品的污染来源于产地环境、农业投入物及贮运销过程。无公害蔬菜生产技术就是蔬菜栽培技术加源头治理、控制或杜绝蔬菜产品被污染的技术,是二     

商品蔬菜生产的竞争力

我国商品蔬菜生产发展速度很快,逐步形成了长城内外、大江南北大流通的格局。北京、上海、广州、南京等大城市已成为商品蔬菜的集散中心。沿海、内地城乡之间构成了畅通无阻的流通网络。各地的蔬菜批发市场发展如雨后春笋,大大促进了商品蔬菜的生产与流通,冲破了多少年来条条框框的界限,展现了商品蔬菜生产竞争异常激烈的势头。发展商品经济的实践证明,只有竞争,商品蔬菜生产才会有生命力和活力,竞争才能出效益、出人才,促进高新技术的发展。生产竞争有利于调整生产者、经营者和消费者之间的利益,整个社会也就在竞争中前进。     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

Effect of paclobutrazol,prohexadione-Ca,deficit irrigation,summer pruning and root pruning on shoot growth,yield, and return bloom,in a ‘Blanquilla’ pear orchard

During the period 2001–2003 the performance of paclobutrazol, prohexadione-Ca, root pruning, summer pruning and deficit irrigation was studied with respect to a control in a Blanquilla pear orchard. Shoot growth, yield, fruit size, and return bloom were all evaluated.     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Principles for forcing tulips,hyacinths, daffodils,Easter lilies and Dutch irises

Systematic investigations on the forcing of tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Easter lilies and Dutch iris have produced a fairly complete set of scientific principles. In this review, these principles have been classified into a 3-phase concept of forcing. These are: production, programming, and greenhouse. The production phase is defined as all processes which occur during bulb production and it terminates with the harvesting of the bulbs. The programming phase comprises all handling of the bulbs from harvesting until they are placed under greenhouse conditions. The greenhouse phase is the accelerated development of the bulbs until anthesis or marketing of the plants. These phases have been discussed relative to floral and root development and the basic environmental requirements of the bulb species.     

榛仁中氮、磷、钾、钙与贮藏物质的相关性分析

以杂种榛优良品系为试材,分析氮、磷、钾、钙与贮藏物质的相关性。结果表明:氮、磷、钾和钙与脂肪显著或极显著正相关。氮、磷和钙与蔗糖显著或极显著正相关,‘82-11’品系中的磷和钾与可溶性总糖显著或极显著正相关,‘84-237’品系中的钙与可溶性总糖显著正相关,‘84-402’品系中的磷素与可溶性总糖显著正相关。