一例犬传染性肝炎的诊治报告

犬传染性肝炎是由犬腺病毒感染引发的一种急性传染病，主要侵害1岁以内的幼犬，常引起急性坏死性肝炎，在临床上常与犬瘟热混合感染。本病几乎在世界各地都有发生，是一种常见的犬类传染病，但常被饲养者忽视或误诊。因此，采取综合性的防治措施，对养犬业的健康发展非常重要。     

“犬窝咳”的诊疗防疫经验

犬作为我国常见伴侣动物之一,犬的健康也随之受到重视。其中"犬窝咳"是继犬瘟热、犬细小病毒和犬传染性肝炎等传染病之后,近年在犬群中流行的一种重要的传染病。本病是由病毒、细菌、支原体等病原微生物单一或混合感染所致。患犬表现阵发性咳嗽,     

我国警犬传染病的发病现状及特点

传染病是对警犬危害最为严重的一大类疾病,不但给养犬业带来巨大的经济损失,而且更会给警犬技术工作带来严重的阻碍,是警犬技术工作者关注的重点,目前采取的预防接种措施也主要是针对犬的传染病而进行的。从目前来看,我国警犬传染病呈现以下特征：病毒性传染病仍然是危害最大的疾病,其中犬瘟热、犬细小病毒病是当前流行广泛、危害或潜在危害最严重的两种疾病,犬冠状病毒病呈一定程度的流行并有逐年上升的趋势;细菌性传染病（尤其是人犬共患传染病）不容忽视、寄生虫感染率很高等。     

兰州市犬瘟热、犬细小病毒病及犬副流感的感染调查分析

为查清兰州市宠物犬犬瘟热、犬细小病毒病、犬副流感的感染情况,本研究对2004年~2009年前来宠物医院就诊的有临床症状的犬进行检测,共采集犬瘟热疑似病犬眼鼻分泌物、唾液2238份;犬细小病毒病疑似病犬粪便2423份;犬副流感疑似病犬眼、鼻分泌物334份。用快速检测试纸卡进行检测,结果显示兰州市宠物犬犬瘟热平均阳性率达27.52%,自2004~2009年间呈逐渐下降趋势。犬细小病毒病平均阳性率为25.88%,自2004~2008年间呈逐渐下降趋势,2009年略有反弹。首次证实犬副流感在兰州市宠物犬中流行,其中犬副流感病毒平均阳性率为37.72%,犬腺病毒Ⅱ型平均阳性率为19.46%,从流行周期看,2004年以犬副流感病毒感染为主,2005年以犬腺病毒Ⅱ型感染为主,而后连续两年以混合感染为主,到2008年又以犬副流感病毒感染为主,2009年再次以混合感染为主。     

犬细小病毒和寄生虫病混合感染的诊治

犬细小病毒(CPV)感染是近年来发现犬的一种烈性传染病,犬感染CPV发病急,死亡率高,呈暴发流行,不同年龄、性别、品种的犬均可感染发病.新生幼犬感染后多呈非化脓性心肌炎症状,死亡率高;青年犬呈胃肠炎症状.犬细小病毒与寄生虫混合感染的情况也比较普遍,现将一病例的诊治情况总结如下.     

犬细小病毒性肠炎的防治体会

犬细小病毒性肠炎是由CPV病毒引起的犬的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。特别是大、中型城市，饲养密度大，通风不良及无免疫接种的犬。一旦犬群感染CPV病毒后就呈现流行趋势，病毒很难清除。     

犬传染性气管支气管炎的诊断与防治

犬传染性气管支气管炎又称“犬窝咳”,是继犬瘟热、犬细小病毒病和犬传染性肝炎等传染病之后,近年在犬群中流行的一种重要的传染病。本病是由病毒、细菌、支原体等病原微生物单一或混合感染所致。患犬表现阵发性咳嗽,早晚咳嗽严重,咳嗽往往随运动或气温变化而加重,人工诱咳阳性。常见于幼犬和小型犬。作者对该病的病原、流行病学、临床症状、诊断和防治措施进行了论述。     

山东寿光地区犬细小病毒病的流行特点研究

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(CPV)感染幼犬引起的一种急性传染病,以剧烈的呕吐、出血性肠炎、白细胞显著减少以及心肌炎为主要特征,发病率高、传染性强、死亡率高,是危害我国养犬业最为严重的传染病之一。通过调查研究,揭示了山东寿光地区犬细小病毒病的流行特点,以期对今后犬细小病毒病的临床诊疗防治具有一定的指导意义。     

一例犬细小病毒与肠道寄生虫混合感染的诊治

犬细小病毒病是一种临床表现为发烧、食欲不振、呕吐、腹泻且便中带血的高度接触性传染病，对犬类的危害性极大，防控该病最有效的措施是定期接种疫苗。肠道寄生虫病主要引起食欲不振、慢性腹泻、胃肠道出血等症状，主要预防措施是给犬按时驱虫和保持环境卫生。现就一例犬细小病毒与肠道寄生虫混合感染病例的临床诊断与治疗方案进行总结，为该类疾病的诊治提供参考。     

犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性治疗

犬瘟热和犬细小病毒是由犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。主要侵害一岁以内的幼犬,但一岁以上的犬也时有发病。这两种传染病是犬类最主要的烈性传染病,死亡率非常高。特别是以上两种病混合感染时死亡率更高。延吉市新兴动物医院2009年9月份治愈好一例犬瘟热、犬细小病毒两项阳性病例现介绍如下。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.