福州动物园野生动物弓形虫感染的血清学调查及用药效果观察

采用改良凝集试验(MAT),对福州动物园27种110只兽类和鸟类动物血清作弓形虫抗体Ig G检测,然后用复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉配合叶酸、葡醛内脂,对部分弓形虫阳性的野生动物进行治疗试验。弓形虫感染的血清学结果显示弓形虫的抗体总阳性率为22.7%(25/110):其中肉食性兽类组阳性率13.3%(2/15);植食性兽类组阳性率39.5%(15/38);灵长类组阳性率19.0%(4/21);鸟类组阳性率11.1%(4/36)。植食性兽类弓形虫感染阳性率显著高于其他动物。对动物群体中弓形虫抗体滴度分布的拟合显示,符合负二项分布。药物试验结果显示9只动物中治疗有效率为55.56%,转阴率11.11%,表明药物治疗试验效果明显。     

河南新乡宠物犬、猫与弓形虫病感染关系探讨

目的:为了了解河南省新乡市宠物犬、猫弓形虫感染情况,探讨兽龄、性别与弓形虫感染关系,为弓形虫病的防治提供依据。方法:2014年10月-2015年10月直接采集动物静脉血,用酚试剂方法提取宠物犬、猫血液中总DNA,将弓形虫529多拷贝片段作为待检弓形虫序列,通过单管一步法巢式PCR技术随机对新乡市区124只宠物犬、54只宠物猫进行了弓形虫检测。结果:124份宠物犬样本中,弓形虫阳性13份,阳性率为10.48%(13/124),54份猫样本中有弓形虫阳性28份,阳性率为51.85%(28/54);猫血样本中,雌性阳性率63.16%(12/19),雄性阳性率47.83%(11/23);猫各年龄段中,小于6月龄阳性率66.67%(6/9),6月~12月龄阳性率75.00%(6/8),1岁~3岁阳性率60.00%(9/15),3岁以上阳性率50.00%(1/2)。结论:宠物猫弓形虫感染率高于宠物犬;宠物猫性别之间弓形虫感染无显著差异;随着年龄增长,宠物猫弓形虫感染率逐渐下降。     

遵义市猪弓形虫病的血清学调查

采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法对采自遵义市种畜场和规模场的329份猪血清样本进行弓形虫病隐性感染抗体检测,结果显示,猪弓形虫隐性感染抗体阳性率高达82.37%(271/329),表明遵义市各县区存在不同程度的猪弓形虫隐性感染情况。其中,种畜场隐性感染抗体阳性率达92.00%(46/50),规模场为80.65%(225/279),种畜场猪弓形虫隐性感染情况比规模场略严重。试验结果为遵义市防控猪弓形虫病提供了理论依据。     

吉林省马弓形虫病分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省马弓形虫感染情况,本试验共采集辽源、白城、通化和吉林市等地血液样本120份,利用血液基因组提取试剂盒和PCR技术对弓形虫B1基因进行检测。结果表明,弓形虫总体阳性率为9.17%(11/120)。调查的4个地区中辽源阳性率最高14.30%(5/35),其次为白城10.00%(3/30)、通化8.00%(2/25)、吉林市3.30%(1/30),除白城和通化地区间差异不显著(P0.05)外,其他各地区间差异显著(P0.05);散养马阳性率为11.10%(10/90),规模化养殖马阳性率为3.30%(1/30),差异显著(P0.05);母马弓形虫阳性率为9.47%(9/95),公马弓形虫阳性率为8.00%(2/25),性别间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果证明,吉林省马感染弓形虫的情况普遍存在。本次调查为吉林省马弓形虫病的有效防控提供了科学依据。     

兴海县藏系绵羊弓形虫病血清学调查

弓形虫病是一种严重的人畜共患病,对人类健康和畜牧业生产造成严重威胁,已受到全世界卫生界和兽医界的广泛关注。检测结果表明,兴海县藏系羊中存在弓形虫病感染,阳性率为6.00%;其中:羔羊阳性率为6.25%(5/80),成年羊阳性率为阳性率5.84%(7/120);母羊阳性率为7.83%(9/115),公羊阳性率为3.53%(3/85)。     

农三师猪弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

弓形虫病是龚第弓形虫引起的一种人和多种动物共患寄生虫病。本实验通过酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验对采自农三师辖区8个团场的不同养殖规模猪场的900份猪血清进行弓形虫病的抗体检测,结果表明猪弓形虫病在我师呈散发性流行。样品阳性率平均为36.33%,各辖区之间的抗体阳性率有一定差异,最高为49.16%,最低为21.33%。初步掌握我师猪弓形虫病的感染状况,为基层的防治工作提供技术指导。     

新疆巴州地区猪弓形虫病的血清学检测

为了解新疆巴州部分地区猪感染弓形虫病的现状,本试验以弓形虫Tg SAG2蛋白作为包被抗原对巴州地区433份猪血清样品进行了ELISA检测。结果显示,平均阳性率为12.70%(55/433)。其中,散养猪场阳性率为16.83%(35/208),规模化养殖场为9.94%(16/161),散养猪场阳性检出率显著高于规模化养殖场(P0.05);在各县市采集的血清样品中,尉犁县阳性率最高,为26.53%(13/49),和静县和焉耆县阳性率最低,分别为6.52%(3/46)和6.82%(3/44)。本次试验大范围地调查了巴州地区猪弓形虫病的流行现状,为该地区弓形虫病的防控奠定了理论依据。     

库车地区犬、猫感染弓形虫的调查研究

弓形虫病是当今社会严重危害人类和动物健康的一种细胞内寄生性原虫病。采用r ELISA检测法对采自新疆库车地区犬血清和猫血清进行了弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示,犬弓形虫阳性率为25.95%(68/262),猫弓形虫阳性率为39.08%(34/87),阳性率较高,应加强对该病的宣传并采取积极的措施进行预防。     

2021—2022年铜仁市碧江区猪场弓形虫的血清学调查

为初步调查碧江区部分猪场弓形虫病感染情况，2021年6月—2022年6月采用间接血凝试验(IHA)检测碧江区30个猪场850份血清样品的弓形虫抗体阳性率。90份血清样品检测为弓形虫抗体阳性，平均阳性率为10.59%(90/850);5个乡(镇)来源猪血清样品弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为7.92%、4.38%、10.00%、21.67%、13.33%。不同发育阶段猪群弓形虫抗体阳性率存在差异，其中经产母猪较其他年龄阶段猪群阳性率高；经常出现野猫和老鼠的猪场来源样品弓形虫抗体阳性率高于出没频率低的猪场。研究结果表明：碧江区部分猪场弓形虫感染情况较为严重，猪场应定期进行弓形虫抗体监测，同时注意灭鼠和驱猫等工作。     

高淳区山羊弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

为了解南京市高淳区山羊弓形虫病流行情况,采用弓形虫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒对该地区多个山羊养殖场的642份样品进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示:642份样品中,68份血清样品检测为阳性,总阳性率达10.59%;不同年龄阶段羊群弓形虫病阳性率有较大差异,成年羊的弓形虫病阳性率(14.49%)明显高于未成年羔羊(8.64%)。成年羊中,以配种公羊阳性率最高,达16.22%;哺乳母羊次之,为14.61%;妊娠与空怀母羊最低,为13.64%。羔羊中,以断奶母羔羊弓形虫阳性率最高,为9.30%,哺乳羔羊阳性率最低,为7.87%,但两者差异不显著(P0.05)。综上可知,南京市高淳区存在一定程度的山羊弓形虫感染,需采取相关防控措施。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.