牛传染性胸膜肺炎抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在建立一种检测牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,用于该病的监测。利用生物信息学软件对CBPP的病原丝状支原体丝状亚种国内分离株Ben-1株的全基因组进行分析,选取脂蛋白rP0308作为包被抗原,通过一系列反应条件的优化,建立了基于rP0308蛋白的间接ELISA抗体检测方法,并对其性能进行评价。结果显示该方法的敏感性为92%,特异性为96%,与牛支原体、牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、口蹄疫、牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎和牛结核分枝杆菌等阳性血清均不发生交叉反应,批内变异系数在2.41%~6.03%,批间变异系数在2.94%~6.59%,重复性良好。利用本方法和商品化的cELISA试剂盒分别对实验室保存的1 648份临床样品进行检测,该方法与商品化试剂盒的阴性符合率为89.1%,阳性符合率为79.2%,总符合率为88.7%。以上研究结果表明,本研究建立的间接ELISA方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎诊断方法研究进展

猪胸膜肺炎是国际上公认的危害现代养猪业的五大疾病之一。在我国,其血清阳性率呈上升趋势。研究快速、科学、准确的诊断方法对于本病的监测和控制具有很大的意义。本文从病原学、血清学和分子生物学等几个方面对该病的诊断研究进展作了综述。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎亚单位疫苗研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)是猪的一种严重的呼吸系统疾病。目前,对该病的预防主要使用几个致病血清型的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)全菌体灭活苗,交叉保护力差。亚单位疫苗采用多个血清型共有的免疫保护性抗原外毒素(Apx)及外膜蛋白,具有很强的交叉免疫保护效果,使用前不必检测病原血清型,全世界通用,大大降低免疫副反应,应用空间广阔。论文阐述了猪传染性胸膜肺炎亚单位疫苗的研究进展,为猪传染性胸膜肺炎的预防和控制提供参考。     

青海省大通地区猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学诊断

采用猪传染性胸膜肺炎间接血凝试验（IHA）对来自青海省大通地区的两个猪场的139份血清进行了猪传染性胸膜肺炎血清抗体检查,结果检出阳性90份,感染率为阳性率为64．75％。     

头孢噻呋混悬剂治疗人工感染仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80％～100％,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5～10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。      

湖北西南地区猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查

采用猪传染性胸膜肺炎间接血凝试验(IHA)对恩施州34家具有一定规模猪场的731份血清样品进行血清学调查,结果阳性率高达28.18%.其中被检仔猪血清206份,阳性42份,阳性率为20.39%;被检育肥猪血清237份,阳性67份,阳性率为28.27%;被检种猪血清288份,阳性97份,阳性率为33.68%.     

湖南省部分地区猪传染性胸膜肺炎的流行病学调查

为了解猪传染性胸膜肺炎在湖南省的流行状况,采用正向间接血凝试剂盒对在不同时间、不同地区和不同猪场采集的的267份非免疫猪血清进行了猪传染性胸膜肺炎抗体检测.结果发现,上述被检样品的总阳性率为34.46％,其中母猪阳性率最高为61.67％,30日龄猪阳性率为48.57％、60日龄猪阳性率为7.76％、90日龄猪阳性率为2...     

河南部分规模化猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查

利用间接血凝试验对来自河南省部分地区未接种过传染性胸膜肺炎疫苗的部分规模化猪场的807份血清样品进行了传染性胸膜肺炎的抗体检测，以抗体效价≥1∶8为阳性作为判定标准，结果发现被检样品的总阳性率为30.11%（243/807），经产母猪、40日龄断奶仔猪、90～120日龄猪和160～180日龄猪的阳性率分别为56.94%（123/216）、9.04%(17/188)、27.65%(60/217)、23.12%(43/186)，上述各阶段阳性猪抗体效价的几何平均数分别为1∶65.15、1∶11.53、1∶26.92、1∶19.73。     

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia within the 19th century miasmatic landscape

When contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was first detected on a farm north of Melbourne, at Bundoora, in 1858, the predominant theory of miasma was being challenged by contagionist theories of disease transmission. This well‐documented case was recorded during a period of change in the scientific assessment of disease and therefore affords an exploration of what aspects of the landscape were considered important for livestock health at the time. Although the introduction, vaccination programs and eventual eradication of CBPP on mainland Australia has been well explored, scholars have neglected this aspect of the disease's history. By comparing 19th century records of farmland with how the site appears today, it is also possible to highlight the limited information provided by contemporary texts, while at the same time developing an appreciation of the ways in which the perception of the rural landscape has changed. This differing perception has implications for the utilisation of these sources for veterinary and environmental historians seeking to understand the mid‐19th century agricultural landscape and how it relates to animal health.     

海晏县绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学诊断

用绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎（MO）间接血凝试验,对来自青海省海晏县的110份绵羊血清,进行了绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎血清检测。结果：从110份绵羊血清中检出抗绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎抗体的阳性血清28份,阳性率为25．45％;表明海晏县的绵羊群中存在绵羊肺炎支原体的感染。     

A Serological Investigation into Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Ethiopia

For a comparison of serological tests for CCPP, sera from 767 goats were examined. They were subjected to three tests: complement fixation test (CFT) with Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae antigen; blocking ELISA (B-ELISA) with Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae antigen; and CFT with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type antigen. Antibodies were detected by these three tests in 23%, 2% and 12%, respectively, of sera from districts in which CCPP had not been reported, and in 60%, 83% and 87%, respectively, in sera from areas in which CCPP had been reported. The specificity of the tests is discussed. The use of the B-ELISA test for the diagnosis and for epidemiological studies of CCPP is strongly recommended.     

青海互助猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学检测

用猪传染性胸膜肺炎间接血凝试验（IHA）,对采自青海省互助县某猪场饲养的70份互助猪的血清,进行了猪传染性胸膜肺炎血清抗体的检测。结果：检出29份阳性血清。阳性率为41．43％,表明：青海省互助猪的猪群中存在猪传染性胸膜肺炎的流行。     

Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

A study was conducted in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in cattle of different categories and in different climatic zones. The overall prevalence of the disease was 13.2%, and 51% of the herds tested contained reactor cattle. Assessment of risk factors was based on comparisons of the reactivity of the cattle in the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT). Older cattle were more affected by the disease than yearlings and calves (p<0.0001). There were significant differences between male and female cattle (p<0.05) and between cattle with exotic blood compared to indigenous Short Horn Zebu (SHZ) cattle (p<0.05). The castrated bulls, often used for draught power, were more frequently (p<0.01) affected than the entire bulls, mainly used for breeding. Reactivity to tuberculin did not appear to be influenced by the reproductive status of the animal. The reactivity to tuberculin of pregnant cattle was not significantly different from that of the rest of the cows (p>0.05). However, significantly more (14.6%) lactating cattle reacted in the SCITT than did non-lactating cows (12.0%) (p<0.05). There was a highly significant difference (p<0.001) between reactivity in the SCITT among cattle grazing in the hot and dry lower lands (14.0%) and that in those grazing in the cool and wet highlands (8.7%).     

洛阳某猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离鉴定

为确定洛阳某猪场疑似猪传染性胸膜肺炎的病原种类及其血清型,为其临床科学防疫和合理用药提供参考方案,本试验无菌采集了病猪肺脏等病料,采用病菌培养后形态观察、革兰氏染色、生理生化特性试验、PCR诊断等技术对病原菌进行实验室分离鉴定,通过基因测序和同源性分析方法对其进行确诊,通过动物攻毒试验和药敏试验分析分离菌株的致病性和耐药性,采用5对分型引物对分离菌进行基因分型以确定病原菌血清型。结果显示,分离菌2007菌落形态为光滑、透明、边缘整齐、圆形、隆起的小菌落,革兰氏染色特征为阴性杆菌且呈多型性,具有猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（APP）的典型培养特征,且生化结果符合猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的生化特性。同源性分析结果显示,分离菌株2007与猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌株FJ848573.1同源性为99.4%,说明分离株2007是猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。动物攻毒试验结果显示,分离菌株2007对小鼠有强致病性。药敏试验结果显示,分离株2007对泰妙菌素、氨苄西林和头孢噻呋钠等高敏,对替米考星、红霉素、氟苯尼考等20种抗菌药完全耐药,对34种抗生素的耐药率高达76.5%,具有较强的多重耐药性。分离菌2007基因分型扩增到目的基因片段与血清型5型结果相符。本试验结果为发病猪场提出了解决该病的具体防治措施,并最终获得了良好的效果,为猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌临床耐药折点的制定提供了一些参考。     

Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd

Abstract Impetigo and fürunculosis appeared in a dairy cattle herd in association with intensive showering of the lactating cows during the summer months. Heifers and dry cows in the same herd, as well as those in a neighbouring herd in the same village, which was not showered and served as a comparison herd, remained unaffected. Skin lésions declined with the termination of showering. Only six animals [three cows (7.3%) and three first-calving cows (20%)] had to be treated parenterally with antibiotics. Resumen En un rebafio de vacas de leche aparecieron cuadros de impetigo y fürunculosis asociados a las duchas frecuentes aplicadas durante los meses de verano a las vacas lactantes. Las novillas y vacas secas en el mismo rebaño, asi como las de un rebaño vecino de la misma localidad y que no recibian duchas fueron usadas como rebaño de comparación, no se vieron afectadas. Las lesiones cutáneas remitieron al dejar de aplicar las duchas. Tan solo en seis animales [tres vacas (7, 3%) y tres vacas en primer parto (20%)] fue necesario aplicar una terapia parenteral con antibióticos. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Impetigo contagioso en un rebaño de vacas de leche). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 239–242.] Résumé Impétigo et füronculose se sont manifestés dans un troupeau laitier, en relation avec un douchage intensif des vaches allaitantes pendant les mois d'été. Les jeunes et les vaches taries du même troupeau, ainsi que celles d'un troupeau voisin du même village, non douchées et servant d'élément de comparaison, restèrent inaffectés. Les lésions cutanées ont régressé dês la cessation des douchages. Seuls six animaux (trois vaches-7, 3%-et trois vaches primipares-20%-) durent etre traités par antibiothérapie parentérale. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Impétigo contagieux dans un troupeau de vaches laitières). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 239–242.] Zusammenfassung Eine Impetigo und Furunkulose trat bei einer Milchviehherde in Verbindung mit intensivem Abduschen bei den laktierenden Kühen während der Sommermonate auf. Färsen und trockenstehende Kühe in der selben Herde sowie die einer Nachbarherde im selben Ort, die nicht abgeduscht wurden und als Vergleichsgruppe dienten, blieben unverändert. Die Hautveränderungen reduzierten sich mit Beendigung des Abduschens. Nur sechs Tiere (drei Kühe (7, 3%) und drei Kalbinnen (20%)) mußten parenteral mit Antibiotika behandelt werden. [Yeruham, I., Elad, D., Perl, S., Nyska, A., Vishinsky, Y. Contagious impetigo in a dairy cattle herd (Ansteckende Impetigo bei einer Milchviehherde). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 239–242.]     

羊传染性脓疱病研究进展

羊传染性脓疱病是由羊传染性脓疱病毒（orf virus,ORFV）引起的传染性极强且流行广泛的人畜共患病。健康羊只感染ORFV后,会在唇、鼻和口腔等无毛部位依次形成丘疹、水疱、脓疱及溃疡,最后形成疣状结痂,产生增生性损伤。羔羊由于免疫系统发育不完全尤其易感,发病后会导致采食困难、营养物质摄入不足,进而影响生长发育,严重者会因继发性感染而死亡。结合近年来国内外研究报道,从病原学、流行病学、临床症状、诊断方法、预防和治疗措施等方面对羊传染性脓疱病进行综述,以期为兽医临床中该病的预防、诊断和治疗提供参考。     

Molecular Epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Tanzania Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

The genetic diversity of 60 field strains of Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides, small colony type (M. mycoides SC), comprising 56 isolates from cattle in Tanzania, one from Kenya, two from Botswana and one from Portugal, as well as the type (PG1^T) and vaccine (T₁‐SR49) strains, was investigated. The strains were analysed for variations in the EcoRI and Csp6I restriction sites in the genomic DNA using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, and variations in the BamHI restriction sites using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Six AFLP types were detected among the analysed strains. The AFLP profiles of the type and vaccine strains were indistinguishable from each other. Indistinguishable AFLP profiles were found for 55 Tanzanian field strains, one of them isolated in 1990 and the other 54 isolated in 1998/1999, although one strain isolated in 1999 showed a different profile. Strains from different countries revealed different AFLP profiles. Six PFGE types were detected among the analysed strains, with all the 56 Tanzanian field strains displaying indistinguishable PFGE profiles. Strains from different countries revealed different PFGE profiles, and so did the type and vaccine strains. The strong genomic homogeneity among M. mycoides SC strains associated with outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in different regions of Tanzania suggests that the outbreaks of the disease in the 1990–99 period might have been caused by a single epidemic clone. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that AFLP and PFGE are potential tools for molecular epidemiological studies of M. mycoides SC infections.     

武陵地区山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的药物防治研究

为预防和控制武陵山地区山羊传染性胸膜肺炎,采用4种药物对该区山羊进行了体内预防试验和治疗试验,结果表明:泰妙菌素和红霉素对山羊传染性胸膜肺炎霉形体感染具有预防作用,且泰妙菌素和红霉素预防效果最好,环丙沙星、四环素预防作用可靠性差;用4种药物对山羊传染性胸膜肺炎自然病例和人工病例做治疗及增重试验,结果表明:与对照组相比,环丙沙星组,四环素组差异显著,增重较明显,泰妙菌素组和红霉素组差异极显著,增重非常明显。     

Animal Health and Disease Control in the Usangu Wetland of Southwestern Tanzania

The Usangu Wetland in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania has always been a major livestock production area. This paper describes the physical and social enviroment of these Plains before presenting a short history of the veterinary services in the area. The main part of the paper examines, through historical records and interviews with livestock owners and administrative officials, the history of the major diseases affecting livestock.