猪链球菌2型重组suilysin的高效表达及其生物学特性

根据猪链球菌2型(SS2)HA9801株溶血素(suilysin,SLY)基因全长序列设计引物,扩增SLY基因,与原核表达载体pET-28a连接,转入大肠杆菌Transetta (DE3)中诱导表达,收集表达菌体,超声破壁、镍柱纯化获得可溶性rSLY蛋白,电泳鉴定后测定rSLY的溶血活性及其溶血谱,系统研究温度、酸碱度、离子强度等理化因素对rSLY溶血活性的影响.结果表明,本试验建立的rSLY原核表达体系能高效可溶性表达具有溶血活性的rSLY,纯度达电泳纯,相对分子质量为54 000左右,100 mL菌液诱导后能纯化出约8 mg电泳纯的rSLY.rSLY具有高溶血活性,溶血比活为4 057 HU/mg.rSLY对多种动物的红细胞有溶血作用,其中对猪、兔和豚鼠的作用最强.rSLY在4℃保存时溶血活性最稳定,保存48h后溶血活性不降低.在pH 6～7和离子强度为500 mmol/L时溶血活性最高.本试验获得了高表达、可溶性、高溶血活性的rSLY,首次系统研究了不同理化因素对rSLY生物学活性的影响,为SLY致病机理深入研究及SS2亚单位疫苗和诊断试剂的研制奠定了基础.     

四川脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型溶血素抗原表位富集区的原核表达

对2005年四川资阳脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型分离株ZYH33溶血素编码蛋白中包含多个抗原表位的第230～593氨基酸残基区域的基因片段进行扩增并克隆.基因片段经酶切处理后插入表达载体pQE-30的BamH Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ位点之阃,构建融合表达质粒.转化宿主菌TG1经IPTG诱导后融合基因得到了表达,用猪链球菌2型菌体抗血清对表达的融合蛋白进行免疫印迹试验,分析融合蛋白的免疫反应性.试验结果提示该溶血素蛋白第230～593氨基酸残基区域可作为猪链球菌的诊断抗原,为基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础.     

A novel signature-tagged mutagenesis system for Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Streptococcus suis is an economically important, zoonotic pathogen causing death and disease in swine. The objectives of this study were to develop a signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) system for S. suis serotype 2 and to identify genes required for in vivo virulence. Identification of such candidate genes may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis and may provide substrate for the discovery of new vaccines. A novel STM approach was designed to allow for a higher throughput assay of mutants using the Luminex xMAP system. Additionally, to speed the identification process, a direct genomic DNA sequencing method was developed that overcomes the problems associated with the presence of repetitive insertion sequences. Approximately 2600 mutants were screened through both mouse and caesarian-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pig models. The disrupted ORF was identified for each potential attenuated mutant, and mutants with distinct and unique mutated ORFs were analyzed individually for attenuation in mouse and CDCD pig models. A variety of genes were identified, including previously known genes essential to the virulence of other organisms, genes involved in capsule biosynthesis, a regulator of suilysin expression, and several conserved or predicted genes. Of the 22 mutants identified as attenuated in either animal model, eight insertion mutants caused no mortality in both mouse and pig models.     

Presence of the Streptococcus suis suilysin gene and expression of MRP and EF correlates with high virulence in Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates

Nineteen Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates that had been analyzed previously for hemolysin production, ribotype, and virulence in pigs were examined for presence of the gene coding for suilysin by PCR amplification, and southern blot and hybridization techniques. Based on southern blot and hybridization analysis, all isolates tested contained at least a portion of the suilysin gene. PCR amplification of the entire gene resulted in gene fragments from five of the seven highly virulent isolates and none of the moderately virulent or avirulent isolates. Additional PCR analysis showed that mutation or deletions at the 5′ end of the suilysin gene in the less virulent isolates prevented amplification of the sly gene fragment from those isolates. The MRP+ (muramidase-released protein) EF+ (extracellular protein) phenotype was also expressed by the same five highly virulent/sly+ isolates.     

猪链球菌2型表面蛋白sp融合基因的构建与高效表达

利用PCR方法从猪链球菌2型四川资阳分离株449-1扩增出sp基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中,构建出克隆载体pMD18T-sp。以SalⅠ和BamHⅠ从pMD18T-sp中切下目的sp基因片段并克隆到质粒pMAL-p2X中,构建重组表达质粒pMALp2X-sp,转化宿主菌TB1中进行诱导表达。分析表明sp基因序列比GenBank报道序列AY864331少了270 bp;SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,重组菌株表达出了136 Ku左右的目的蛋白MBP-Sao,目的蛋白为可溶表达,约占菌体蛋白总量的12.3%。表达的蛋白可用Amylose树脂纯化。将纯化的融合蛋白MBP-Sao免疫家兔,所得抗血清经ELISA检测,结果显示融合蛋白MBP-Sao包板抗体效价达1:16 000,且与猪链球菌2型和9型呈阳性反应,而与沙门氏杆菌及巴氏杆菌呈阴性反应。本试验对猪链球菌2型表面蛋白Sao的高效表达及其免疫原性进行了初步研究,为进一步研究猪链球菌2型表面蛋白Sao的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

从非法屠宰的猪肉中检出猪链球菌2型

从送检的非法屠宰的猪肉中分离到1株链球菌,结合其培养特性、生化特性、血清定型、PCR鉴定、动物实验等对其进行了鉴定。用国际通用的链球菌乳胶分型诊断液检测,结果表明其不属于链球菌兰氏分群的A～G群。但它凝集猪链球菌2型标准阳性血清,三重PCR扩增及测序结果表明其为猪链球菌2型。分离菌具有猪链球菌2型的CPS、MRP、EPF、SLY、ORF2五种主要毒力因子;将分离株人工静脉注射新西兰兔4只,均在12～24h均死亡,腹腔注射8只BALB/c小鼠后,3周内死亡5只,3只未死亡。     

荧光实时定量PCR方法检测猪链球菌2型

以猪链球菌2型的荚膜多糖抗原编码基因cps2J为靶基因设计引物,利用SYBR GreenⅠ能特异地与双链DNA结合发出荧光的特性,以ABI7000为平台,建立荧光实时定量PCR检测猪链球菌2型的方法。该方法检测猪链球菌2型参考株和猪链球菌2型国内分离株都呈阳性,具有良好的特异性。整个检测过程于2h内完成,检测限度为24CFU,标准曲线的相关系数为0.997。对5份采集于猪链球菌2型病猪的病料进行检测,结果表明肝脏和脾脏最适于检测。     

Rapid detection of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in weaned pigs

A survey to detect Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in 1,716 weaned pigs was done in Quebec. Forty-nine sow herds were included in this survey: in 26 herds, S suis serotype 2 had been isolated during the preceding 12 months and in 23 herds (control), the organism had not been detected during a previous study. Swab specimens of the nasal cavity and tonsils of pigs were obtained for bacteriologic culture, and S suis serotype 2 was easily detected by the use of brain-heart infusion agar containing a Streptococcus-selective supplement and 5% goat antiserum raised against S suis serotype 2. After measurement of the diameter of the precipitation zone of 539 isolates, a slide agglutination test was performed to identify the S suis serotype 2 isolates. The mean precipitation zone diameter obtained for group S suis serotype 2 was larger (P less than 0.001) than that for the group designated as "others". With slide agglutination test results as reference and on the basis of discriminant analysis to stimulate detection of S suis serotype 2, 93.1% of all isolates were correctly classified, using the precipitation zone diameter as unique classification criterion. Relative specificity was 94.5% and relative sensitivity was 88.7%. Use of the precipitation zone diameter on a quantitative basis led to the proposal of a simple and reliable technique to screen swine herds for S suis serotype 2 in weaned pigs. Nasal and tonsillar swab specimens were obtained and analyzed concurrently for S suis serotype 2. The organism was found in both sites in only 20.4% of 103 carrier pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

猪链球菌2型广西分离株的生物学特性鉴定

猪链球菌2型是一种人兽共患病原菌,主要引起猪脑膜炎、关节炎、心内膜炎、败血症和突然死亡等。在我国许多地方发病率呈不断上升趋势。各年龄段的猪都可感染此病,但多发于3～12周龄的猪,尤其是断奶仔猪易感染此病。猪链球菌2型不但对猪有致病性,而且可引起人的感染并致死。我国江苏省、四川省部分地区暴发2型猪链球菌病导致人员感染致死。本试验对从发病猪中分离到的链球菌株进行了形态、培养特性和使用猪链球2型、1型抗血清进行凝集试验,结果证明4株细菌为荚膜2型猪链球菌。PCR方法检测其5种毒力因子和对仔猪、家兔、小鼠的致病性试验。现将鉴定和试验结果报告如下。     

猪链球菌2型对家兔的试验感染及其病理学观察

利用猪链球菌2型四川分离强毒菌株458#,通过腹腔注射接种日本大耳白家兔,观察其临床症状和病理学变化。结果表明,猪链球菌2型强毒株458#可引起家兔发病或死亡,并能从发病家兔的组织样品中分离到所接种毒株。感染家兔的特征性组织病理学变化表现为典型的弥漫性血管内凝血和微血栓形成。猪链球菌2型感染家兔动物模型的建立,对于评价猪链球菌2型的毒力,探索其发病机制具有重要的意义。     

2015年华中地区猪链球菌2型感染的血清学调查

监测华中地区22个未免疫猪链球菌疫苗猪场2015年不同月份、不同猪群的猪链球菌2型(SS2)抗体水平,以期揭示SS2的感染流行情况。共收集923份血清样品,结果 442份为SS2抗体阳性,阳性率为4789%,表明SS2在华中地区感染普遍存在;统计分析发现不同月份感染阳性率差别较大,其中6~9月份最高,说明该病与季节有一定的关系,在夏季尤其应该注意该病的防控;不同阶段猪群统计结果表明保育猪阳性率最低,更应做好保育猪的SS2免疫防控工作。     

2016年四川省猪链球菌2型感染的血清流行病学调查

猪链球菌是一种重要的人兽共患病原菌,其中以猪链球菌2型致病性最强。本研究通过ELISA方法,对2016年采集自四川省21市(州)的1 604份猪血清样品进行猪链球菌2型的检测。结果表明:猪链球菌2型的阳性检出率为9.41%(151/1604),其中规模场阳性检出率为7.67%(66/860),散养户阳性检出率为11.42%(85/744)。本研究为四川地区猪链球菌病的防控提供了理论依据。     

猪链球菌2型多重耐药菌株的人工诱导

采用6种常用抗菌药物对临床分离的38株猪链球菌2型进行敏感性检测,从中选择3株对红霉素和环丙沙星敏感的菌株,采用体外递增药物浓度的方法分别诱导成对红霉素和环丙沙星耐药的菌株,按临床检验标准委员会(CLSI)推荐的方法测定了红霉素和环丙沙星对同一亲本的敏感株和诱导耐药株的体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并测定在外排泵抑制剂利血平存在的情况下敏感株和诱导耐药株的MIC变化情况。微量稀释法测定的MIC结果显示:在所选的6种抗生素中,氟苯尼考和氨苄西林对临床分离的38株猪链球菌的作用最好,抑菌率都为100%,红霉素及环丙沙星有一定作用,耐药率分别达39.5%(15/38)和28.9%(11/38),而磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、四环素的抑菌效果最差,耐药率达100%。浓度递增法成功诱导了猪链球菌2型菌株对红霉素和环丙沙星耐药性,其MIC值分别由0.001 8 mg/L上升至128 mg/L。在外排泵抑制剂利血平存在的情况下,抗菌药物对部分猪链球菌2型菌株的MIC值下降。结果提示:逐步增加药物浓度可以诱导猪链球菌2型菌株对红霉素和环丙沙星的耐药性,而且猪链球菌2型菌株耐药性的产生可能与耐药性相关的主动外排机制有关。     

猪链球菌2型昆明鼠动物病理模型的建立

为研究猪链球菌2型的病原特性、致病机理及对其疫苗与救治药物效果评价提供平台,选用20~25 g健康昆明鼠,以猪链球菌2型山东株为病原,以腹腔注射为感染途径,对猪链球菌2型昆明鼠病理模型进行了探讨(试验随机分为5组,每组10只)。结果表明,感染鼠能表现出典型的临床症状及病理变化,具有较好的重复性,且临床症状及病理变化与本动物猪类似。剖检后从脑、肺,以及胸腔、腹腔和心包积液中都可以分离出猪链球菌2型,分离菌株生物学特性与攻毒菌株一致。按Reed-Munch法计算此菌株对昆明鼠的半数致死量为7×108cfu。感染后2周的血清平均抗体水平为1∶64。这说明昆明鼠能够很好地用作猪链球菌2型的动物病理模型。     

Passive immunization of pigs against experimental infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 2

The safety and protective efficacy of a horse antiserum raised against inactivated whole cell preparations of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 was investigated in pigs by experimental challenge. The antiserum was evaluated in two similar experiments each comprising 12 4-week-old pigs treated with 6 ml of antiserum the day before challenge and four pigs used as challenge controls. Pigs were infected by subcutaneous injection with approximately 10(11) colony forming units of S. suis serotype 2. Clinical disease in the pigs that could be attributed to infection with S. suis was reduced from 88 to 35% (P = 0.015). The percentage of pigs with lesions that could be associated with S. suis was reduced from 88 to 22% (P = 0.002) and isolation of S. suis serotype 2 was reduced from five (63%) out of eight pigs in the combined challenge control groups to 3 (13%) out of 23 pigs in the combined treatment groups. These results indicate that passive immunization of pigs may be a way to reduce or control S. suis serotype 2 infections in pigs.     

猪链球菌2型新毒力相关基因lin缺失菌株的构建

利用温度敏感型穿梭自杀质粒pSET4s,定点敲除猪链球菌2型野生型强毒株ZY458的lin基因,构建基因缺失突变菌株458△lin,利用家兔感染模型对ZY458及其突变菌株的生物学特性进行比较研究.家兔感染试验表明,接种ZY458菌株的家兔体质量下降,出现明显的临床症状,5只家兔4 d内全部死亡;而458△lin感染组家兔生长正常,未出现任何明显临床症状.结果表明,lin基因是猪链球菌2型新发现的一种毒力相关基因,在猪链球菌2型的致病过程中具有重要作用.     

猪链球菌2型溶菌酶释放因子MRP在重组沙门菌中的表达

从猪链球菌2型(SS2)四川分离株分离溶菌酶释放因子基因mrp,将其克隆至T载体上,再将asd基因插入到重组质粒的抗生素抗性基因中,电击转入asd缺陷型沙门菌X4072中表达,形成依赖asd基因的质粒-宿主平衡致死系统。经酶切、PCR及蛋白电泳鉴定,证实重组菌株能够稳定表达MRP,从而为SS2的防制提供了可能候选疫苗株。     

Microarray analyses of THP-1 cells infected with Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is a pathogen responsible for several diseases in both pigs and humans. To gain more insight into the pathogenesis of this organism, an oligonucleotide (oligo)-based microarray was used to investigate gene expression changes in human monocytic cells (THP-1) in response to exposure to S. suis 2 strain SC19. A total of 328 differentially expressed genes were identified. These differentially expressed genes belonged to a variety of functional categories, including genes involved in apoptosis, immunity, signal transduction, chemokine production and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our findings can be of interest for future research.     

Identification and distribution of putative virulent genes in strains of Streptococcus suis serotype 2

In order to identify gene sequences unique to the virulent strains, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was conducted using virulent Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) strain HA9801 and avirulent S. suis type 2 strain T15. Thirty genomic regions were absent in T15, and the DNA sequences of these regions in HA9801 were determined. These DNA fragments, containing putative virulence genes, encoded 28 proteins that were homologous to proteins involved in various aspects of cellular surface structure, molecular synthesis, energy metabolism, regulation, transport systems and others of unknown function. According to the published SS2 genomic sequence of the Chinese strain 98HAH33, PCR primers for 14 significant DNA fragments were designed and used for detection of the distribution of these fragments in S. suis strains from different sources, serotypes, regions, groups and times. The results showed that these 14 DNA fragments were widely distributed in 37 detected SS2 strains, yet were absent among the avirulent strain T15. Moreover, these fragments could be detected in other serotypes of S. suis, but each serotype had a different distribution of the fragments.