红厚壳种子发芽试验的初步研究

采用去除种壳、敲裂种壳和对照(不处理)3种方式对红厚壳种子进行了发芽试验研究,结果表明:不同处理方式对种子发芽产生显著影响,处理效果为:去除种壳>敲裂种壳>对照;去除种壳处理的效果最好,种子发芽率89.39%,发芽势88.38%,发芽指数1.78和平均发芽时间34.5 d,分别较对照处理提高了41.29%、70.76%、1.3和37.1 d;去除种壳可明显提高发芽率和整齐度,显著缩短种子发芽时间。     

核桃种子烂种原因及发芽条件的研究

对核桃种子的采集时间、调制方法、浸种和催芽技术等几个方面进行了系统研究，并进行了种子生理学的测定，其目的是探明核桃种子的烂种原因和发芽条件。结果表明，采种过早和堆沤过久都会引起种子霉烂，而种子吸水不足则是导致沙藏烂种和播种烂种的主要原因。同时也查明，种壳的机械约束是种子发芽慢的主要原因，较高的环境温度和充足的种子含水量是核桃种子发芽的适宜条件。采取适当晚采，合理调制和沙藏前适当浸种，播种前晒裂种壳，播种后提高地温等措施，可以减少烂种，加快出苗速度，提高出苗率。     

两种不同种源麻疯树种子发芽特征探讨

比较分析两种不同麻疯树种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数、发芽条件以及外观品质,结果表明：种源、种壳、种质、湿度、氧气以及种子前处理影响了种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数;破壳比未破壳的发芽效果好,种源A比种源B种子发芽率高,发芽期间应保持一定的湿度和通气条件,前期的消毒、浸种也是必需的环节。     

马尾松种子鉴别法

1.感观法:好的种子种壳有光泽,呈淡黄或黄褐色,种皮光泽不明显,有纯松脂香味。火烤后种壳金褐色,种皮光泽鲜艳,带烟味。旧种子种壳黑褐色或枯褐色,带霉味。火烤的和陈旧的种子发芽率低或全不发芽。     

怎样使树木种子发芽

植树造林要先育苗。要育好苗,多育苗,就要了解各种树木种子的发芽特性。树木种子的发芽,有的快,有的的慢,有的要经过处理才能发芽。这就要对不同种子进行不同的处理。例如,核桃、核桃楸、山杏、榛子、桃、李等种子,外壳很厚很硬,就要先使种壳裂开,让种仁吸足水份,才能发芽。所     

祁连圆柏种子萌发特性及其解除休眠技术研究

为探讨祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii Kom.)种子休眠机制,对祁连圆柏种子进行种皮透水性、胚萌芽抑制物等直接和间接测定及各催芽措施对种子发芽育苗的影响研究,结果表明:祁连圆柏种子发芽极其困难,种壳虽骨质坚硬,但不影响种子的透水性能。祁连圆柏外果皮和果肉、种仁中均存在着影响种子萌发的抑制物质,但不影响种子发芽。种子形态成熟后,进入深度漫长的休眠生理后熟期,才能解除其深度休眠。     

低温对杜仲种子发芽与成苗的影响

杜仲的种壳(果皮)含胶丰富,带壳种子虽能吸胀,但却不能萌发,属于种皮强迫休眠型种子。北京地区,经早春冷层积30～40天,胚根即破壳而出,发芽率可达90%左右。由此可见,种子存在生理休眠。萌动种子的ATP水平在冷层积最过期处于最高峰,达4.3×10~(-9)发光强度。种子解除休眠后,发芽温度范围放宽,幼苗生长迅速;未经冷层积的种子发芽后,幼苗为生理矮化苗。     

山楂种子层积过程中抑制物质的变化

为研究抑制物质在种子休眠中的作用及层积解除休眠的机理提供理论依据,分别提取、分离了经不同时间层积处理后的山楂种子的种壳、种皮和种仁中的抑制物质.并就白菜种子的发芽进行实验,对各分离相的抑制作用进行了生物测定,以干藏种子作对照,研究其抑制物质的分布及其在层积过程中的变化情况.结果表明:山楂种子的种壳、种皮和种仁中均含有抑制发芽的物质,从种子各部位提取物分离得到的7个分离相中,除种壳和种皮各有1相分离物对白菜种子的萌发没有抑制作用以外,其余各相分离物均能显著地抑制其发芽;抑制物质的作用随着层积时间的延长而逐渐降低;层积至5个月时,种壳和种皮各有4相分离物具有抑制作用.种仁有6相;层积至6个月时,种壳有3相分离物具有抑制作用,种皮和种仁分别有1相与2相;此时种子的休眠仍没有解除,这说明在山楂种子的不同部位存在着抑制物质,这是山楂种子休眠期长的重要原因.     

本油料灌木长柄扁桃和柄扁桃种子发芽及生长特性研究

以木本油料灌木长柄扁桃和柄扁桃种子为试验材料,对两个近缘种进行种子形态、发芽特性和幼苗生长的比较实验。结果表明:长柄扁桃种子无明显的生理休眠;在相同的实验条件下,长柄扁桃的萌发率大于柄扁桃,且萌发速度较快;长柄扁桃种子发芽温度高于柄扁桃,其最佳温度发芽为20℃~25℃;木质化种壳是阻碍长柄扁桃发芽的最主要因素,在苗木繁育生产实践中,通过浸泡一周后,进行层积沙藏处理是解决种子发芽的最好方法。本研究对充分利用长柄扁桃资源,发挥其固沙、固土作用及沙区农林业可持续发展具有重要现实意义。     

林木种子的贮藏要点

提高种子贮藏质量是提高种子的发芽率、培育好袋苗和造林的物质基础。根据不同类型种子，其主要贮藏方法有干藏和湿藏２种。 干藏法 针叶树种中的松、柏、杉以及泡桐、漆树、杜仲、枫杨、枫香等含水量较低的种子，经过适当的干燥处理就可以干藏；容易丧失发芽能力的种子如杨、柳、桑、榆等，贮前要进行精选并充分晾干，放入塑料袋中，用３％的福尔马林消毒，然后放入器皿中用石料密封，必要时可在容器内放些氯化钙、生石灰等作吸湿剂，以控制种子的呼吸强度，保持种子的发芽力。 湿藏法核桃、板栗、油桐、油茶、杨梅等含水量较高，种壳厚，…     

Roles of gibberellins and abscisic acid in dormancy and germination of red bayberry (Myrica rubra) seeds

Intact seeds from freshly harvested fruits of Myrica rubra (Sieb et Zucc.) were dormant and required 8 weeks of warm stratification followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification for germination. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to intact fresh seeds was effective in breaking dormancy, with > 70% of seeds germinating when treated with 5.2 mM GA(3) and incubated at a day/night temperature of 30/20 degrees C for 20 weeks. Removing the hard endocarp or endocarp plus seed coat of fresh seeds promoted germination, and addition of GA(3) to the embryo accelerated germination. The gibberellins GA(1) and GA(4) were more effective than GA(3) in promoting germination of seeds with the endocarp removed. Endogenous contents of GA(1), GA(3), GA(4), GA(7) and GA(20) were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring in the endocarps, seed coats and embryos of fresh seeds treated with 5.2 mM GA(3). The content of GA(3) decreased in the endocarp during incubation, whereas GA(1) contents increased in the endocarp and seed coat. A high GA(1) content was detected in the endocarps and embryos of newly germinated seeds. We speculate that GA(3) was converted to GA(1) during incubation and that GA(1) is involved in seed germination. Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) contents were measured in fresh seeds and in warm and cold stratified seeds. The ABA content in fresh seeds was distributed in the order endocarp > seed coat > embryo, with the content in the endocarp being about 132-fold higher than in the seed coat and embryo. Total ABA content of seeds subjected to warm or cold stratification, or both, was 8.7- to 14.0-fold lower than that of fresh seeds. Low contents of endogenous GA(1), GA(3), GA(7) and GA(20), but elevated contents of GA(4), were found in the seed coats and endocarps of warm plus cold stratified seeds and in the seed coats and embryos of newly germinated seeds. These observations, coupled with the finding that GA stimulated germination of dormant Myrica seeds, provide evidence that endogenous ABA inhibited release of dormancy and that endogenous gibberellins, especially GA(4) or GA(1), or both, are involved in germination.     

生根粉提高仙客来种子活力的初步研究

采用不同剂号,不同浓度的新剂型ＡＢＴ生根粉浸泡处理仙客来种子,测定了种子发芽率,发芽速率,发芽指数,活力指数,干鲜比等种子活力指标和电导率,可溶性糖含量等部分生理生化指标,并结合仙客来育苗生产调查出了苗率。     

4个台湾青枣品种的组培技术研究

以种植于大棚内的4个台湾青枣品种2年生嫁接苗嫩梢作外植体,进行了外植体表面灭菌,在培养基中添加不同浓度6-BA、IBA、KT、NAA激素的启动、分化、生根培养的组培技术研究。结果表明:台湾青枣嫩梢外植体表灭菌,用0.1%HgC l2消毒液二次灭菌的效果为好,其组培适宜的外植体为一年生健壮枝条的茎尖和带腋芽的茎段,4月份为最佳的采集时间。台湾青枣4个品种(五千种、黄冠、高朗一号、蜜枣)最适的启动培养基均为MS 6-BA1.0 mg/L IBA0.1 mg/L。分化培养基则存在显著差异,不同品种拟选用不同的培养基;台湾青枣普遍存在组培苗生根困难的问题,其"五千种"组培的适宜生根培养基为:1/2MS IBA0.2 mg/L NAA0.4 mg/L。     

山楂种子抑制物质的提取分离及生物测定

为了更深入地了解山楂种子的休眠机理,以野生山楂种子为试材,用80%的甲醇溶液对其内果皮、种皮和种胚进行浸提,然后测定提取物对白菜种子发芽的影响;将浸提物分离成A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7相,浓缩后分别测定其对白菜种子发芽的影响。结果表明,山楂种子的内果皮、种皮、种胚均含有发芽抑制物质,其抑制作用依次减弱。7个分离相中除了种皮的A相及内果皮的G相对白菜种子发芽没有影响外,其余各相均显著抑制发芽。     

Mechanical but not physical dormancy is a cause of poor germination in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)

Poor seed germination is a significant problem for propagation of teak and it particularly hampers the deployment of genetically improved material into plantations. Seed dormancy is the putative cause for delayed and sporadic germination of teak seed but specific dormancy mechanisms have not been proven. In this paper we investigate whether physical or mechanical dormancy could affect teak germination. Physical dormancy was disproved when we observed water in every examined locule of fruit which had been immersed for 12–24 h (n = 1,700 fruits from six diverse sources). Mechanical dormancy was found to affect teak seed germination by means of valve structures which must open for the radicle to emerge. All 1,450 germinating seeds in 16 samples emerged from the endocarp via the detachment of a valve. Germination over 16 days was compared between extracted seeds (ex situ) and seeds within their endocarp (in situ) to determine the effect of mechanical dormancy on germination. Significantly greater germination of the ex situ seeds (62 ± 2% SE; n = 486) than of the in situ seeds (32 ± 2% SE; n = 564) indicated that mechanical dormancy is an important factor in the poor germination of teak.     

4种山楂种子中抑制物质活性的比较

为了研究抑制物质与山楂种子休眠的关系,用80%的甲醇提取4种山楂种子内果皮、种皮及种胚的抑制物质,再用系统溶剂分离法将甲醇提取物分离为石油醚相、乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相、甲醇相及水相5相组分;用各相组分处理白菜种子,通过白菜种子发芽试验对抑制物质进行生物测定。结果表明,4种山楂种子各部位的乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相及甲醇相分离物抑制活性较高,石油醚相及水相分离物抑制活性较低;大山楂(伏山楂和大旺)种子较小山楂(辽宁山楂和抚宁野生山楂)种子每粒所含抑制物质活性高。     

北方地区棚栽台湾青枣嫁接技术的研究

为探索台湾青枣在北方的最佳嫁接时间及嫁接方法,以辽宁省朝阳地区棚栽的台湾青枣和实生毛叶枣苗为材料,于2005年6月至9月,采用了插皮接、腹接、切接、舌接4种嫁接方法进行嫁接试验。结果表明,不同嫁接时间的成活率差异显著,7月份最适宜嫁接;不同嫁接方法对成活率的影响不显著。     

Effect of sowing date on seedling emergence of species with seeds enclosed in a stony endocarp

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the natural sequence of temperature conditions between the time of seed sowing and their germination on dormancy release of Prunus avium, P. mahaleb, P. divaricata, P. laurocerasus, P. spinosa, Cornus mas, C. sanguinea, and Celtis australis seeds which are enclosed in a hard stony endocarp. According to their collection date, the seeds (with the endocarp) of the above species were sown outdoor in summer, autumn, and winter and the number of emerged seedlings was counted during the following two springs. For all species, the first sowing date was immediately after seed collection and cleaning. In all species, seedling emergence occurred in early spring and dormancy was released only after the exposure of seeds to specific season conditions. The exposure of seeds of all studied species, except C. australis, to a period of warm temperatures prior to winter was necessary for dormancy breaking and germination. Autumn sowing of P. laurocerasus and C. sanguinea seeds, which were collected in summer, and the sowing immediately after seed collection of the rest species, resulted in a maximum percentage of seedling emergence in the following spring.     

杨树人工种子发芽条件研究初报

为了研究人工种子发芽所必需的营养成份,以辽河杨的腋芽为材料,用4％藻朊酸钠和1.4％Ca溶液等物质做成人工种子后,置于5种处理培养基中进行培养。杨树人工种子置于培养基5 d后,A、B、E处理区尚无变化。C、D处理区开始发芽。20 d后,C处理区发芽率为100％、生根率60％。在D处理区中发芽率达70％,但未能生根。在A、B、E处理区中杨树人工种子既不能发芽也不能生根。根据实验结果推测:人工种子发芽所必需的营养成分可能包括培养基和蔗糖。     

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响

尾叶桉等植物叶提取液对几种植物插条生根和种子萌发的影响＊黄卓烈林韶湘谭绍满林松煜杨国清莫晓勇关键词尾叶桉落地生根紫竹梅水竹草插条生根种子萌发桉树是相当难生根的植物。当用桉树的成熟枝条扦插时成功率极低［１］，甚至成活率为零［２］。柳树和杨树则是较容易生...