水稻籼型三系不育系秋实A的选育

秋实A系湖南怀化职业技术学院以自选保持系改造中间材料(金23B/岳4B)为母本,安丰B为父本进行杂交改造,再与金23A测交并连续回交转育而成的水稻籼型三系不育系。介绍了其选育过程、主要特征特性及初步配组利用和繁殖技术要点。     

水稻三系不育系鄱1A的选育

鄱1A是江西农业大学用自选保持系961(珍汕97B/金23B)为母本与965(浙9248变异单株)杂交,后代再与珍汕97A测交并连续回交转育而成的水稻不育系,具有败育彻底、育性稳定、异交结实率高、稻瘟病抗性较好、茎秆较粗壮、配合力高等特点。2010年鄱1A及其所配杂交早稻组合鄱优364(鄱1A/R364)均通过了江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

三系不育系荟丰A的选育与利用

以天丰B为母本与优质保持亲本IR58025B杂交,F1代再与金23B复交,F3代选柱头外露率高、株叶形态好的优良株系与金23A测交,后经连续多世代进行抗稻瘟病、米质、育性筛选和回交转育,育成育性稳定、综合性状较优的三系不育系荟丰A。2017年4月,荟丰A通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。利用该不育系配制的荟丰优3301、荟丰优3518和荟丰优5438等杂交新组合已通过国家或福建省品种审定。     

早熟籼稻不育系早丰A的选育及应用

早丰A是广东省农科院水稻研究所以自选保持系材料71B为母本,米31/W254杂交F_3代株系为父本进行人工杂交,然后从F_4代选择优良株系与印尼水田谷胞质不育系荣丰A测交并连续回交转育而成的早熟籼稻不育系。该不育系具有败育彻底、育性稳定、柱头外露率较高、开花习性较好、异交结实率较高、配合力好等特点,2012年通过广东省种子管理总站组织的专家技术鉴定。已先后配制出早丰优402、早丰优华占、早丰优107和早优736等多个组合分别通过国家或省级品种审定。     

高异交率籼型三系不育系M98A的选育与利用

以保持龙特浦A的综合优良性状,改造其不育性稳定性和稻米品质为定向选育目标,用龙特浦B作母本,Ⅱ-32B作父本杂交,在F4代的优良株系中选株与龙特浦A测交并回交,经多代回交转育,育成高异交率籼型三系不育系M98A.M98A表现不育性稳定,异交结实率高,抗病性好,配合力强,2005年1月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定.用该不育系配组育成的杂交中籼组合,表现早熟、高产、抗病,其中明优98和农华优808已分别通过国家和安徽省品种审定.     

优质籼型三系不育系宁籼2A的选育

宁籼2A是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所用武香2B/金23B杂交F4代中优良单株与金23A测交并连续成对回交,采取边选择边回交转育的方法育成的野败型籼稻不育系,该不育系具有花粉败育彻底、株型好、异交习性优良、配合力好、米质较优等特点,于2014年9月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定,所配组合宁籼优8号(宁籼2A/R08)于2015年5月通过江苏省品种审定。     

籼型三系不育系仁5A的选育

仁5A是萍乡市农业科学研究所与湖南永益农业科技发展有限公司用金23B/1040B的杂交后代为父本,与中9A测交和连续回交转育而成的不育系。该不育系花粉败育彻底、异交习性优良、分蘖力强、配合力好、杂种优势强,2017年2月通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。所配组合仁5优新华粘(仁5A/新华粘)和仁5优1号(仁5A/益恢1号)于2017年分别通过江西省和湖南省品种审定。     

优质水稻不育系星城A的选育

星城A是以(珍汕97B金/23B∥菲改B/V20B)的F4代单株与优质早籼早cy-5杂交制保,再与金23A测交和回交转育而成的水稻三系不育系,2007年2月通过湖南省品种审定。星城A农艺性状整齐,株叶型好;败育彻底,育性稳定;开花习性较好,异交结实率较高;可恢复性好,杂种F1优势强;米质优;抗性较强,有利于选育优质杂交水稻组合。     

籼型三系不育系洪A的选育

江西农业大学与萍乡市农业科学研究所合作,用新露B与珍汕97B杂交,F1代再与176B复交,复交F5代选优良株系作父本与新露A测交,并经多代择优回交转育育成籼型三系不育系洪A。该不育系具有穗大粒多、花粉败育彻底、配合力好等特点,适宜用于配制高产杂交晚稻组合。2017年2月,洪A通过了江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

籼稻不育系泸6A的选育与应用

泸6A是用97-324与金23B的杂交后代与绵香5A测交并连续回交转育而成的水稻籼型三系不育系,表现农艺性状优良,不育性稳定,米质优良,可恢性好,配组优势强,于2014年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定。所配组合泸优727(泸6A/成恢727)于2015年和2016年先后通过四川省和国家品种审定。     

基于SNP标记的玉米自交系遗传多样性分析

以陕A、B群体培育的23份玉米自交系和8个骨干玉米自交系为材料,利用2 846个高质量SNP标记,进行群体遗传结构、遗传多样性和类群间遗传关系分析。结果表明,陕A群体选系的多态性位点2 482个,陕B群体选系的多态性位点2 490个,说明陕A、B群自交系间遗传基础广泛。通过PCA分析,陕A、B群体培育的23份玉米自交系可分为2个部分,陕A群选育的自交系更接近于丹340、郑58、掖478、PH6WC,可归为一类杂种优势群;陕B群选育的自交系更接近于Mo17、黄早四、昌7、PH4CV,可归为另一类杂种优势群。     

Development and Application of SCAR Markers for Discriminating Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines from Their Cognate Maintainer Lines in Indica Rice

The DNA fragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPA12 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B,and were sequenced.The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference.The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp.Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines.A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers,CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3,in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A,but not Zhenshan 97B.Furthermore,the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers,but not Zhenshan 97B.With the corresponding primers,the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA),namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A,but not in their maintainer lines.Moreover,using total DNA as template,each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line Ⅱ-32A,but not in II-32B,and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63.The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes.Taken together,these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA,and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.     

Agronomic and quality characteristics of two new sets of Langdon durum–wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines

Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides has been a useful source of genes for high grain protein content (GPC) in wheat. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic and quality characteristics of 23 durum Langdon–T. dicoccoides (LDN–DIC) substitutions based on T. dicoccoides accessions PI 481521 (LDN521) and PI 478742 (LDN742), with emphasis on finding new genes for high GPC. The 23 LDN–DIC substitutions and checks were grown in replicated yield trials at Fargo and Prosper, ND in 2005–2006. The lines were evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading date. Twelve quality traits, including GPC, were evaluated using standard methods. Potentially useful variation for thousand-kernel weight, kernel size, semolina extraction, and semolina brightness and color, was identified. Eight lines including LDN742-6B, LDN521-7B, LDN521-5B, LDN742-7A, LDN742-5B, LDN521-2A, LDN742-7B, and LDN521-1A had significantly higher GPC than LDN, suggesting that chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5B, and 7B of PI 481521 and 7A, 5B, 6B, and 7B of PI 478742 may carry high GPC genes. Using allele specific marker Xuhw89, LDN742-6B was shown to carry the same Gpc-B1 allele as in Israel A. The remaining six lines with high GPC are potential sources of new high GPC genes for durum wheat.     

小麦骨干亲本周8425B及其衍生品种(系)的农艺性状和加工品质综合分析

为给小麦骨干亲本周8425B及其衍生品种在小麦育种中的进一步利用提供参考,对周8425B及其衍生的50份在我国生产和育种中发挥重要作用的后代品种(系)的系谱、农艺性状和加工品质进行了分析及1B/1R检测。结果表明,周8425B基因的传递主要是通过子一代周麦11、12、13和16号传递到子二代和子三代中,其中由子一代周麦13号衍生的品种(系)占全部衍生后代的40%,其次是周麦16号和周麦11号的衍生品种(系),分别占全部衍生后代的20%和18%。周8425B为1B/1R易位系,在其后代50份衍生品种(系)中1B/1R易位系占78%,其中在子一代中1B/1R易位系为87.5%,在子二代中为85.7%,在子三代中仅为42.6%。在衍生品种(系)中,44份材料的产量较周8425B均有不同程度的提高,产量最高的是周麦23号,其产量为8.73t·hm-2,其次是阳光58、周麦22及徐麦270;面条评分最好的是豫展4号,其次是徐麦270和鹤麦026;徐麦270的产量相对较高,面条品质相对较好。     

多个环境下小麦千粒重QTL定位的稳定性分析

为尽可能多的探寻千粒重的重要遗传位点并验证其在不同生态条件下的稳定性,以142个和尚麦/豫8679的F9:10重组自交系(RIL)及其亲本为试验材料,分析了千粒重在北京(2006、2007)、安徽合肥(2007、2008)、四川成都(2007、2008)和山东泰安(2009、2010)8个环境下的性状表现,并利用已构建的含有170个SSR标记和2个EST标记的遗传图谱对该性状进行了QTL定位分析。结果共检测到35个QTLs,可解释表型变异的4.36%～16.80%;涉及小麦1A、1B、2A、2D、3A、3B、4A、4D、5A、5B、6D和7D染色体,特别是1B、2A、3B染色体上(Xwmc269、Xgwm33、Xwmc419、Xbarc124、Xgwm636、Xgwm359、Xgwm533、Xwmc307、Xwmc418)的QTL可在多个环境下稳定的表达,为千粒重的QTL精细定位和分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

Comparisons on Genetic Diversity among the Isonuclear-Alloplasmic Male Sterile Lines and Their Maintainer Lines in Rice

Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relative relationships. A total of 169 alleles were detected in the 16 lines, with a frequency of polymorphic loci of 53.85% and an average number of alleles per locus of 1.8, and the average gene diversity was 0.228. Four sets of the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines shared 146 identical alleles, corresponding to 86.39% of the total alleles; meanwhile, there are 23 different alleles among the tested materials, being 13.61% of the total alleles. On average, 78.70% identical alleles and 21.30% different alleles of the total alleles were detected between the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines. There were 53.85% identical alleles and 46.15% different alleles of the total alleles among the homozygous allonucleus male sterile lines. The fingerprints were established for some male sterile lines and maintainer lines. All the materials tested were divided into three groups at the 0.2 genetic distance based on the cluster analysis. Eight lines of Huanong A and Huayu A (including Huanong B and Huayu B) were in the first group, four lines of Kezhen A (including Kezhen B) in the second group, and four lines of Zhenshan 97A (including Zhenshan 97B) in the third group. For the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines, the similarity coefficient between Y (Yegong) type and WA (wild abortive) type or between CW (Raoping wild rice) and WA type reached 87-98%.     

利用SSR标记和产量对27份玉米自交系进行杂种优势群划分

利用SSR标记技术对23份玉米自交系和4个测验种进行杂优类群研究。从117对引物中筛选出77对扩增带谱清晰且具有多态性的SSR引物,在供试材料中检测到398个等位基因变异,计算27个自交系间的遗传距离(GD)在0.107 4～0.438 0,平均0.288 0。分析GD和产量发现,GD大于0.310 0的组合具有明显产量优势,GD小于0.288 0组合的产量优势较弱;根据分子聚群并结合产量和系谱来源分析,将27份自交系划分为3个杂种优势群A群、B群和C群。     

优质香稻不育系君香A的选育

君香A是以岳4B×五岭香丝苗的F_3单株与岳4B回交1次,在其自交F_3代中选株与金23A测交并连续回交后转育而成的香稻三系不育系.该不育系具有农艺性状优良、香味浓郁、可恢性好、配合力强、繁殖制种产量高、米质优(部颁1等优质米)等特点,2008年3月通过湖南省品种审定.     

BT型杂交粳稻育性及其三系的若干蛋白质标记

 用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法，对粳稻BT 细胞质雄性不育系六千辛A，保持系六千辛B，恢复系六千辛R、77302-1，以及杂交组合六千辛A/77302-1的F1和F2 种子的胚乳贮藏蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在谷蛋白α3区域，恢复系有两条带α3a 和α3b,而六千辛A和六千辛B只有一条带α3。 F2代具有α3的种子和具有α3a 加α3b的种子1∶1分离。谷蛋白α4带的移动速率，恢复系比六千辛A快。把较快的α4带记为α4f。 F2代具有α4的种子和具有α4 加α4f的种子也是1∶1分离，与配子体不育类型的F2代花粉育性恢复基因分离比一致。系谱分析表明六千辛R中α3a 和α3b来源于IR8。六千辛A比六千辛B容易提取醇溶蛋白。     

花生AhFAD2-1基因与油酸/亚油酸比值的关系

花生AhFAD2-1由位于不同基因组上的两个非等位基因AhFAD2-1A和AhFAD2-1B共同编码,这两个基因的突变引起酶结构、酶活性或表达调控的变化,共同导致高油酸性状的产生。本研究通过对13个不同花生品种(系)的AhFAD2-1基因进行测序和比对分析,查找点突变或插入位点,寻找与高油酸性状关联的基因位点。结果表明:E11、花育30、鲁花12、豫花15、河北高油的基因型是OL_1OL_1OL_2OL_2,其相应的O/L值为1.01~1.40;鲁花14、花育17、花育19、花育23、E12S的基因型是ol_1ol_1OL_2OL_2,其中E12S较特殊O/L值为9.05,其他品种O/L值为1.54~1.97;E16、E18和花育32号的基因型是ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2,其相应O/L值为12.3~41.85。本研究结果对于高油酸性状的分子鉴定以及高油酸花生新品种的培育具有一定的参考价值。