基于GIS的黄杉生长适宜性评价研究

利用GIS技术结合常规统计法、主成分分析法、层次分析法（AHP）、模糊综合评判法构建模糊综合评价模型,对黄杉在云南的集中分布区滇东北的宣威市和会泽县开展生长适宜性研究,预测黄杉在研究区域的潜在分布,找出研究区域适合培育人工黄杉林的宜林地。研究结果表明,研究区域适宜黄杉生长的面积为553 128 hm²,占研究区域面积的46.33%;在研究区域内筛选出适宜营造黄杉林的宜林地10 550.2 hm²。通过GIS技术分析所得结果与天然黄杉林的实际分布情况较符合,说明基于GIS技术预测黄杉潜在分布区域和筛选适宜营造黄杉的造林地是可行的。     

基于层次分析法的浙江大盘山自然保护区杜鹃花属植物资源应用价值评价

基于对大盘山自然保护区杜鹃花属植物的野外调查,综合考虑观赏价值、生态学特性、应用潜力和稀有度因素,筛选出14个评价因子,构建了层次分析模型,对大盘山自然保护区9种杜鹃花属植物进行应用价值综合评价。结果表明,在观赏价值、生态学特性、应用潜力和稀有度4个影响因子中,观赏价值最能影响人们对杜鹃花属植物应用价值的评价,其次是应用潜力、生态学特性和稀有度。9种杜鹃花属植物的应用价值从高到低依次为云锦杜鹃华顶杜鹃杜鹃马银花丁香杜鹃羊踯躅满山红猴头杜鹃麂角杜鹃。文中还就杜鹃花属植物的野生资源驯化以及资源评价中约束层指标的选取等问题进行了讨论。     

基于层次分析与模糊评判法的彩叶树种综合评价

在详细调查黑龙江省野生及近年引种栽培成功的彩叶树种资源的基础上,探索基于层次分析与模糊综合评判法对彩叶树种进行综合评价的途径。结果表明:黑龙江省共有彩叶树种88种,根据综合评价值可分为3个优劣等级:优秀33种,良好40种,一般15种。建议优秀彩叶树种在黑龙江省城市园林工程上可大力推广应用。此研究既填补了黑龙江省彩叶树种的评价空白,又可为合理开发利用彩叶树种资源提供参考。     

不同苜蓿品种的生产特性评价

采用模糊综合评判的方法,对21个苜蓿品种的产量、质量、抗病性及适应性进行综合评价,筛选出21号、1号、10号、4号、12号、6号这6个引进苜蓿品种,可根据不同的引种目标及区域自然概况进行推广。     

岩爆预测的属性测度模型

选择岩体应力指数、脆性指数、完整性系数、以及弹性能量指数作为岩爆预测评判指标,以相似数定义相似权的方法,按一种客观性标准确定岩爆预测综合评价指标的权重,应用属性测度理论建立基于相似权的岩爆综合评价属性测度模型.针对一些岩爆试验数据进行分析,评价结果与试验情况基本一致,并且与模糊综合评判法的评判结果有较好的一致性,从而验证了属性测度模型应用于岩爆预测预报的可行性和有效性.由于属性识别理论能很好地解决某类问题具有多个模糊属性的综合评价,且置信度准则是根据评价集具有有序性这一特点而提出的,因而可使评价结果更为可靠;同时评价模型采用客观性权重,避免了权重确定中的主观性和随意性,保证了评价工作的客观性和准确性.     

运用层次-关联分析法对黔南地区引种花卉综合评价

采用灰色理论与AHP(层次分析法)相结合的层次-关联评判分析法,以花期、花美感、植株越冬能力及抗旱性等为评价指标,对引种到黔南地区的15种花卉进行了综合评判。结果表明:松红梅、车轮梅、天骄野牡丹、毛稔、红花玉芙蓉的生长势较差,综合评价值较低;香水合欢、多花红千层、银叶朗德木、美花红千层、粉花白千层5种花卉能适应黔南地区的环境,并且综合评价值较高,适宜在黔南等地区进一步推广应用。     

基于模糊相似优先比法对杜鹃花观赏性状的综合评价

对贵州百里杜鹃林区主要的20种杜鹃花的13个主要观赏性状进行测定,并运用模糊相似优先比法对20种杜鹃花进行了综合评价。结果表明,迷人杜鹃等10个种类的杜鹃花观赏价值较高,可在林区优先推广种植。     

7种月季引种适应性的灰色关联度分析评价

为最快筛选出适宜在贵阳地区种植的优良月季品种,用灰色关联系数以及灰色关联度的计算对贵阳地区引种栽培的7种月季的8个性状做出了比较分析.结果表明:7种月季通过等权关联度排序为"我的选择">"布加蒂">"帕瓦罗蒂">"加里娃达">"金凤凰">"南海">"莫汉娜";在加权情况下与等权情况下的排序是一样的,两种模糊综合评判结果...     

宁波市滨海盐土造林树种选择方法初探

运用模糊择近原则,把宁波市滨海盐土的生境与目前可供选择16个造林树种的生物学特性加以比较,分别计算贴近、结合层次分析法,进行综合评判,计算总贴近度而决定树种选择的顺序。     

木工机床振动薄弱环节的模糊识别方法

在模糊综合评判理论基础上，首先建立起木工机床在相同评价集上的薄弱环节判别模型，给出不同判别原则下的模糊运算模型，在模糊综合判别模型的基础上，讨论了不同层次和不同侧面判别的综合问题，提出了模糊综合判别算法，依据该方法可实现对多子结构复杂木工机床薄弱环节的识别。     

Integrated use of GIS,remote sensing and multi-criteria decision analysis to assess ecological land suitability in multi-functional forestry

The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing (RS) to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, GIS and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.     

轿子山自然保护区杜鹃属植物资源的生态旅游开发

轿子山自然保护区有腋花杜鹃、红棕杜鹃、乳黄杜鹃、马缨花等杜鹃植物28种．基于保护区杜鹃植物资源的种类、分布等特点及当地具有的浓郁民族风情,对杜鹃植物资源生态旅游开发的重要性,开发途径、措施等进行了论述．     

Modelling and mapping the suitability of European forest formations at 1-km resolution

Proactive forest conservation planning requires spatially accurate information about the potential distribution of tree species. The most cost-efficient way to obtain this information is habitat suitability modelling i.e. predicting the potential distribution of biota as a function of environmental factors. Here, we used the bootstrap-aggregating machine-learning ensemble classifier Random Forest (RF) to derive a 1-km resolution European forest formation suitability map. The statistical model use as inputs more than 6,000 field data forest inventory plots and a large set of environmental variables. The field data plots were classified into different forest formations using the forest category classification scheme of the European Environmental Agency. The ten most dominant forest categories excluding plantations were chosen for the analysis. Model results have an overall accuracy of 76%. Between categories scores were unbalanced and Mesophitic deciduous forests were found to be the least correctly classified forest category. The model’s variable ranking scores are used to discuss relationship between forest category/environmental factors and to gain insight into the model’s limits and strengths for map applicability. The European forest suitability map is now available for further applications in forest conservation and climate change issues.     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅶ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为10个一级生态区；天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区。     

基于土地资源优化配置模型的黄河三角洲宜林牧地绿化研究

首先从生态学的角度,根据黄河三角洲优化配置原则,对土地适宜方向与土地利用现状相匹配,甄别出需要调整的类型,以黄河三角洲高效生态农业建设为目标,保持一定的耕地总量,构建黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置模型;然后提出了土地立地类型划分标准,对优化配置后的宜林牧地进行归类;最后,对未绿化的宜林牧地进行树种配置,全力打造黄河三角洲生态绿洲。     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅰ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准 ,并建立二级分类系统 ,区一亚区 ,同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为 10个一级生态区 :天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅱ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践，有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾，中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为，将全国共划分为10个一级生态区；天然林保护生态区，自然保护区生态区，水土保持生态区，防护林生态区，荒漠生态区，湿地生态区，林业生态区，草原生态区，农业生态区，青藏高原高寒生态区。     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅳ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为10个一级生态区；天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区。     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅲ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准 ,并建立二级分类系统 ,区一亚区 ,同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为 10个一级生态区 :天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区     

Riparian vegetation in the southern Appalachian mountains (USA) following chestnut blight

American chestnut is often listed as an important component of mesic midslopes and xeric ridges in pre-blight southern Appalachian forests, but its former importance in riparian forests has generally been considered minor. To document its importance in riparian forests, 589 American chestnut stumps were located on four sites (two previously logged, two unlogged) in the Blue Ridge physiographic province of the southern Appalachians. Diameters and basal areas of chestnut were calculated and compared among sites and to basal area (BA) of live trees. Chestnut BA ranged between 8.4 and 12.4 m²/ha (25 and 40% of current BA). Vegetative composition on 58 random plots suggests that three community types were represented on the four study sites: (1) old-growth forest with sparse rhododendron; (2) logged forest with sparse rhododendron; and (3) forest dominated by rhododendron which controlled vegetative composition regardless of logging status. Thickets of ericaceous shrubs that developed after the blight were significantly denser in logged forest than in old-growth. Only shade-tolerant herbs such as galax and partridge-berry, as well as a rare orchid, Appalachian twayblade, were found growing in rhododendron thickets. Results of our study suggest that the gap-phase hypothesis, where species diversity is maintained in cove forests of the southern Appalachians through gap-phase disturbance, should be modified to allow for dynamics influenced by rhododendron. The reintroduction of periodic fire into southern Appalachian riparian habitat may control rhododendron dominance and improve tree regeneration.