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1.
Patricia Allen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):157-161
Despite much popular interest in food issues, there remains a lack of social justice in the American agrifood system, as evidenced
by prevalent hunger and obesity in low-income populations and exploitation of farmworkers. While many consumers and alternative
agrifood organizations express interest in and support social justice goals, the incorporation of these goals into on-the-ground
alternatives is often tenuous. Academics have an important role in calling out social justice issues and developing the critical
thinking skills that can redress inequality in the agrifood system. Academics can challenge ideological categories of inquiry
and problem definition, include justice factors in defining research problems, and develop participatory, problem-solving
research within social justice movements. In addition, scholars can educate students about the power of epistemologies, discourse,
and ideology, thereby expanding the limits and boundaries of what is possible in transforming the agrifood system. In these
ways, the academy can be a key player in the creation of a diverse agrifood movement that embraces the discourse of social
justice.
相似文献
Patricia AllenEmail: |
2.
Jill Harrison 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):163-167
I use the case of pesticide drift to discuss the neoliberal shift in agrifood activism and its implications for public health
and social justice. I argue that the benefits of this shift have been achieved at the cost of privileging certain bodies and
spaces over others and absolving the state of its responsibility to ensure the conditions of social justice. I use this critical
intervention as a means of introducing several opportunities for strengthening agrifood research and advocacy. First, I call
for increased critical attention to production agriculture and the regulatory arena. Second, I call for increased attention
to ‘social justice’ within the food system, emphasizing the need to rekindle research on the immigrant farm labor force.
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
Jill HarrisonEmail: |
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
3.
Molly D. Anderson 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):593-608
Food security, health, decent livelihoods, gender equity, safe working conditions, cultural identity and participation in
cultural life are basic human rights that can be achieved at least in part through the food system. But current trends in
the US prevent full realization of these economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) for residents, farmers, and wageworkers
in the food system. Supply chains that strive to meet the goals of social justice, economic equity, and environmental quality
better than the dominant globalized food value networks are gaining popularity in the US. However, achieving important human
rights has become conflated with other goals of food system reform over the past decade, such as being “community-based,”
local, and sustainable. This conflation confuses means, ends, and complementary goals; and it may lead activists trying to
help communities to regain control of their food system choices into less productive strategies. This paper introduces a new
concept, rights-based food systems (RBFS), and explores its connection with localization and sustainability. The core criteria
of RBFS are democratic participation in food system choices affecting more than one sector; fair, transparent access by producers
to all necessary resources for food production and marketing; multiple independent buyers; absence of human exploitation;
absence of resource exploitation; and no impingement on the ability of people in other locales to meet this set of criteria.
Localization and a community base can help achieve RBFS by facilitating food democracy and reducing environmental exploitation,
primarily by lowering environmental costs due to long-distance transportation. Sustainability per se is an empty goal for
food system reform, unless what will be sustained and for whom are specified. The RBFS concept helps to clarify what is worth sustaining and who is most susceptible to neglect in attempts
to reform food systems. Localization can be a means toward sustainability if local food systems are also RBFS.
Molly D. Anderson consults on science and policy for sustainability in the food system through Food Systems Integrity. She manages a national project based in the Henry A. Wallace Center at Winrock International to establish indicators of good food, and is a contributor to the International Assessment of Agricultural Science & Technology for Development. She was a 2002–2004 Food & Society Policy Fellow and a University College of Citizenship & Public Service Faculty Fellow at Tufts University. She was appointed as a Wallace Fellow in 2007. She earned a PhD in Ecology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and has dedicated her professional life to exploring how society can encourage changes in human behavior to promote ecological integrity and social justice simultaneously. 相似文献
Molly D. AndersonEmail: |
Molly D. Anderson consults on science and policy for sustainability in the food system through Food Systems Integrity. She manages a national project based in the Henry A. Wallace Center at Winrock International to establish indicators of good food, and is a contributor to the International Assessment of Agricultural Science & Technology for Development. She was a 2002–2004 Food & Society Policy Fellow and a University College of Citizenship & Public Service Faculty Fellow at Tufts University. She was appointed as a Wallace Fellow in 2007. She earned a PhD in Ecology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and has dedicated her professional life to exploring how society can encourage changes in human behavior to promote ecological integrity and social justice simultaneously. 相似文献
4.
Dustin R. Mulvaney 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):173-176
This paper describes a role for rural sociology in linking agrifood system vulnerabilities to opportunities for encouraging
sustainability and social justice. I argue that the California rice industry is particularly vulnerable for two reasons. First,
a quarter of rice growers’ revenues derive from production-based subsidies that have been recently deemed illegal by the World
Trade Organization. Second, about half of California’s rice sales depend on volatile export markets, which are susceptible
to periodic market access disruptions. Such vulnerabilities present political opportunities to reconfigure the connection
between production and consumption. By exploring how production subsidies could be transformed into multifunctionality payments,
and investigating new regional markets, rural sociology can contribute to discussions about how to encourage a more sustainable
and socially just California rice industry. My discussion aims to prompt rural sociologists to explore similar questions in
comparable agrifood systems.
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
Dustin R. MulvaneyEmail: |
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
5.
Steven A. Wolf 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):203-207
Professionalization of farmers and rural entrepreneurs is identified as a potential resource to advance transition to multifunctional
landscapes and territorial development. Drawing on interactive conceptions of knowledge creation and technical change, I argue
that collective structures that support pooling of experiential knowledge can complement public and private sector engagement
in innovation systems. Through exercise of leadership in advancing integration of farming into regional development and in
integrating ecological and social concerns into agriculture, farmers can forge a professional identity and broker a new social
contract entitling them to renewal of their political and economic status.
相似文献
Steven A. WolfEmail: |
6.
Matthew J. Mariola 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):193-196
Local food has become the rising star of the sustainable agriculture movement, in part because of the energy efficiencies
thought to be gained when food travels shorter distances. In this essay I critique four key assumptions that underlie this
connection between local foods and energy. I then describe two competing conclusions implied by the critique. On the one hand,
local food systems may need a more extensive and integrated transportation infrastructure to achieve sustainability. On the
other hand, the production, transportation, and consumption of local foods are fundamentally as reliant on fossil fuels as
are long distance foods. A more holistic approach to energy use in the food system is needed to determine which particular
sociotechnical factors optimize energetic sustainability.
相似文献
Matthew J. MariolaEmail: |
7.
William H. Friedland 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):197-201
The reaction to conventional agriculture and food systems has generated a host of alternative social movements in the past
several decades. Many progressive agrifood researchers have researched these movements, exploring their strengths, weaknesses,
and failures. Most such research is abstracted from the movements themselves. This paper proposes a new way of self-organization
that, while fulfilling traditional university demands on researchers, will provide research support for progressive agrifood
movements by transcending the boundaries of disciplines and individual universities.
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
William H. FriedlandEmail: |
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
8.
David M. Holt 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):169-171
I examine the risks and opportunities associated with social movement coalition building in attempts to block or curtail the
rise of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the United States. As producers have scaled up animal production
facilities, environmentalists and animal rights activists, along with numerous other social actors, have begun anti-CAFO campaigns.
I argue that while the CAFO has mobilized a diverse group of social actors, these individuals and organizations do not all
have the same interests (aside from resistance to CAFOs), leading to some unlikely allies. These odd alliances provide opportunities
for agrifood scholars to study the relationship between the coalitions that social movement organizations form and the support
they receive from their respective constituencies. Lastly, I argue that the need for agrifood scholars to address the pitfalls
associated with single-issue coalition building extends beyond the unlikely alliance between environmentalists and animal
rights activists, as agrifood related crises have led to a proliferation of such coalitions.
相似文献
David M. HoltEmail: |
9.
Sandra Sattler Weber 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):425-434
An ethnographic case study of five rural farmwomen in Cedar County, Nebraska, was conducted to contribute to the understudied
area of rural entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurs. This naturalistic inquiry into the lived experiences of five women
provides an exceptional view of the founding of a new microenterprise, the St. James Marketplace, a farmer-to-customer market
in an agricultural setting. The study considered factors identified from previous research on entrepreneurship in both urban
and rural settings. It connected the formation of this microenterprise to the history, culture, values, and economic situation
that motivated the founders’ entrepreneurial behavior. A social embeddedness perspective was employed in the analysis. Negative
forces from the macroenvironment, such as the closing of the local church parish and declining economic conditions for farming,
influenced the creation of the venture. However, the most important motivation was to sustain community. This study satisfies
a need for in-depth inquiry into rural entrepreneurship, rural communities, and rural farmwomen entrepreneurs.
相似文献
Sandra Sattler WeberEmail: |
10.
Douglas H. Constance 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):151-155
I provide an historical overview of the development of the Sociology of Agriculture as a critical response to perceived inadequacies
of conservative theories of social change regarding rural society in general, and agriculture in particular. I do this by
focusing on the three questions that have dominated the discourse on agrifood studies: “The Agrarian Question,” “The Environment
Question,” and “The Food Question.” I analyze the success and constraints of selected alternative agrifood initiatives in
relation to the three questions and introduce a fourth, the Emancipatory Question. I conclude that agrifood social scientists
need to embrace a praxis orientation to agrifood studies and participate in social movements designed to create a more socially
just alternative agrifood system.
相似文献
Douglas H. ConstanceEmail: |
11.
Stewart Lockie 《Agriculture and Human Values》2009,26(3):193-201
With “consumer demand” credited with driving major changes in the food industry related to food quality, safety, environmental,
and social concerns, the contemporary politics of food has become characterized by a variety of attempts to redefine food
consumption as an expression of citizenship that speaks of collective rights and responsibilities. Neoliberal political orthodoxy
constructs such citizenship in terms of the ability of individuals to monitor and regulate their own behavior as entrepreneurs
and as consumers. By contrast, many proponents of alternative food networks promote the idea that food citizenship is expressed
through participation in social arrangements based on solidarity and coordinated action rather than on contractual and commoditized
relationships between so-called “producers” and “consumers.” This paper thus focuses its analysis on the strategies used to
mobilize people as consumers of particular products and the ways, in turn, in which people use their consumption choices as
expressions of social agency or citizenship. In particular, the paper examines how the marketing, pricing, and distribution
of foods interact with food standards to enable and constrain specific expressions of food citizenship. It is argued that
narrow and stereotypical constructions of the “ethical consumer” help to limit the access of particular people and environmental
values, such as biodiversity, to the ethical marketplace.
Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology at Central Queensland University. He is co-author of Going organic: Mobilizing networks for environmentally responsible food production (CAB International, 2006). 相似文献
Stewart LockieEmail: |
Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology at Central Queensland University. He is co-author of Going organic: Mobilizing networks for environmentally responsible food production (CAB International, 2006). 相似文献
12.
Stefan Mann 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):435-443
A theoretical model for farm succession is developed in which identity-related variables such as preferences for working autonomously
or with animals influence occupational choice at the outset of the process, while environmental factors such as farm size
and income prospects gain in importance during the latter stages of succession. A survey of 14-to-34-year-old potential farm
successors in Switzerland is carried out to test the model. While female respondents focus on identity-related factors when
making occupational choices, the model can be verified for several influencing variables for male successors, such as continuing
the family tradition and the potential conversion of farmland to building land. For both men and women, the prospect of working
alongside their parents is an important factor in the decision to take over the family farm.
相似文献
Stefan MannEmail: |
13.
C. Clare Hinrichs 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):209-213
Despite its vigor, agrifood studies research faces two fault lines: the durability of disciplines, and challenges in engaging
non-academic stakeholders. In this essay, I use the concept of boundary work from social studies of science and technology
to reflect on the challenges and opportunities for more engaged interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. I draw on
recent field visits to several “sustainable food chain” research projects funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme
(RELU), an innovative interdisciplinary research initiative of the UK Research Councils, to highlight the contradictory nature
of boundary work in interdisciplinary research. Involving efforts both to bridge interfaces and to separate, exclude and manage
other disciplines or stakeholders, boundary work is inherent to interdisciplinarity. Innovations in the organizational culture
of projects and in the larger structural context for research can multiply the more generative potential of boundary work,
and also yield more and better interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies.
相似文献
C. Clare HinrichsEmail: |
14.
Lawrence Busch 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):215-218
The advent of the new nanotechnologies has been heralded by government, media, and many in the scientific community as the
next big thing. Within the agricultural sector research is underway on a wide variety of products ranging from distributed
intelligence in orchards, to radio frequency identification devices, to animal diagnostics, to nanofiltered food products.
But the nano-revolution (if indeed there is a revolution at all) appears to be taking a turn quite different from the biotechnology
revolution of two decades ago. Grappling with these issues will require abandoning both the exuberance of diffusion theory
and ex post facto criticism of new technologies as well in favor of a more nuanced and proactive view that cross the fault
line between the social and natural sciences.
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献
Lawrence BuschEmail: |
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献
15.
Kameshwari Pothukuchi Rayman Mohamed David A. Gebben 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):319-332
This paper provides a conceptual framework to explain why disparities may exist in food safety code compliance by food stores
in different neighborhoods. Explanations include market dynamics, community characteristics, retailer attributes, inspector
characteristics, and enforcement approaches, and interactions among the factors. A preliminary and limited empirical test
of some of these relationships in Detroit, Michigan shows a higher rate of food safety violations by stores in poorer neighborhoods
and in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of African-American residents. Stores inspected by female inspectors also
scored higher numbers of critical violations, suggesting a need for greater examination of the social relations associated
with enforcement interactions in food safety studies.
Kameshwari Pothukuchi PhD, is Associate Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. She conducts research on issues related to urban food security, including grocery stores, community gardens, and community and regional food planning. A policy guide on community and regional food planning, co-authored by her, was recently adopted by the American Planning Association (). Rayman Mohamed PhD, is Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. He conducts research on land use and environmental planning. His recent articles examine decision making by developers, the economics of conservation subdivisions, and the relationship between sprawl and the costs of infrastructure. David A. Gebben is a graduate student of agricultural economics and a research assistant in the Global Urban Studies Program at Michigan State University. 相似文献
Kameshwari PothukuchiEmail: |
Kameshwari Pothukuchi PhD, is Associate Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. She conducts research on issues related to urban food security, including grocery stores, community gardens, and community and regional food planning. A policy guide on community and regional food planning, co-authored by her, was recently adopted by the American Planning Association (). Rayman Mohamed PhD, is Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. He conducts research on land use and environmental planning. His recent articles examine decision making by developers, the economics of conservation subdivisions, and the relationship between sprawl and the costs of infrastructure. David A. Gebben is a graduate student of agricultural economics and a research assistant in the Global Urban Studies Program at Michigan State University. 相似文献
16.
Veronica Vazquez-Garcia 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(1):65-77
Uncultivated plants are an important part of agricultural systems and play a key role in the survival of rural marginalized
groups such as women, children, and the poor. Drawing on the gender, environment, and development literature and on the notion
of women’s social location, this paper examines the ways in which gender, ethnicity, and economic status determine women’s
roles in uncultivated plant management in Ixhuapan and Ocozotepec, two indigenous communities of Veracruz, Mexico. The first
is inhabited by Nahua and the second by Popoluca peoples. Information was gathered through group and individual interviews
and a food frequency survey. Results show that the gender ideology prevailing in each community, resulting from distinct ethnic
affiliations and economic contexts, shapes women’s plant management. In Ixhuapan, Nahua women are used to leaving their community
to generate income, while in Ocozotepec men are considered the main breadwinners and are the mediators between Popoluca households
and the larger society. Nahua women gather quelites at the cornfields more often than their men, and more often than their female counterparts in Ocozotepec. They also manage
and sell plants from their homegardens at higher percentages than Popoluca women. However, women in both communities use intensely
the plants of their homegardens and play a key role in biodiversity conservation and cultural permanence.
相似文献
Veronica Vazquez-GarciaEmail: |
17.
We examine changing production relations in the Mexican tequila industry to explore the ways in which large industrial firms
are using “reverse leasing arrangements,” a form of contract farming, to extend their control over small agave farmers. Under
these arrangements, smallholders rent their parcels to contracting companies who bring in capital, machinery, labor, and other
agricultural inputs. Smallholders do not have access to their land, nor do they make any of the management decisions. We analyze
the factors that have led some producers to participate in reverse leasing arrangements, while allowing other producers to
continue farming independently. In addition, we look at the ways in which farmers are responding to these new production relations
and constraints and the strategies that they are using to regain control over the production process.
相似文献
Sarah BowenEmail: |
18.
Larry L. Burmeister 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):183-186
Since the New Deal era, the commodity title has been the major farm support program in US farm bills. Commodity programs have
encouraged farmers to pursue specialized, monocultural, and input intensive production strategies that are increasingly viewed
as unsustainable. Yet commodity programs remain politically resilient. As revealed in the farm payment limitation debate in
the 2007 farm bill reauthorization process, political support for commodity programs is maintained through policy elasticity
adaptations that combine new with old policy rationales. The recent extension of farm program support to producers of commodities
that have not received benefits in the past poses a potential threat to existing commodity programs, as this legislation has
institutionalized competition within production agriculture over the allocation and design of subsidies. This paper argues
for renewed attention to the policy support mechanisms that undergird the conventional agrifood system in order to better
understand alternative agrifood system possibilities and constraints.
相似文献
Larry L. BurmeisterEmail: |
19.
Samuel Adjei-Nsiah Cees Leeuwis Ken E. Giller Thom W. Kuyper 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):389-403
This study reports on action research efforts that were aimed at developing institutional arrangements beneficial for soil
fertility improvement. Three stages of action research are described and analyzed. We initially began by bringing stakeholders
together in a platform to engage in a collaborative design of new arrangements. However, this effort was stymied mainly because
conditions conducive for learning and negotiation were lacking. We then proceeded to support experimentation with alternative
arrangements initiated by individual landowners and migrant farmers. The implementation of these arrangements too ran into
difficulties due to intra-family dynamics and ambiguities regarding land tenure. Further investigations to find out how ambiguities
could be tackled revealed that the local actors themselves had taken initiatives towards developing institutional innovations
to reduce ambiguities. However, there is still considerable scope for further development of these self-organized innovations.
The article ends with a reflection on inter-disciplinary action research, where it is argued that making “mistakes” is an
inherent and necessary characteristic in action research that aims to address complex social issues.
相似文献
Samuel Adjei-NsiahEmail: |
20.
“Virtual water,” water needed for crop production, is now being mainstreamed in the water policy world. Relying on virtual
water in the form of food imports is increasingly recommended as good policy for water-scarce areas. Virtual water globalizes
discussions on water scarcity, ecological sustainability, food security and consumption. Presently the concept is creating
much noise in the water and food policy world, which contributes to its politicization. We will argue that the virtual water
debate is also a “real water” and food and agricultural policy debate and hence has political effects. Decisions about food
strategies and resource allocation play out on the national political economy, benefiting some while harming others. Therefore,
a policy choice for virtual water is not politically neutral. “Real␣water” interventions are, likewise, inspired by economic
as well as political considerations like control of the countryside, geopolitical strategy, and food sovereignty (independence
from international political conditionality and market uncertainties). To illustrate these ideas, we look into case studies
of Egypt and the State of Punjab in India. In India, a debate on the merits and demerits of a virtual water strategy is now
emerging. In Egypt, which switched to food imports in the early 1970s, a long-standing taboo on debating virtual water is
now being relaxed.
相似文献
Dik RothEmail: |