不同蒙古栎种源苗期生长差异及优良种源选择

蒙古栎是东北林区的主要次生林树种.为筛选适合辽宁地区优良种源,以收集的12个蒙古栎种源为材料,对其苗高、地径进行测量,结果表明:蒙古栎不同种源的苗高16.77～37.60 cm,地径0.25～0.42 cm,方差分析表明苗高和地径差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),这为优良种源选择提供了可能.按照20％的入选率,筛选...     

蒙古栎生长及生理特征的种源间差异

以5个蒙古栎种源的当年生幼苗为试验材料,对其生长和生理特征进行测量和分析比较。结果表明:江密峰种源生物量最大,其根质量和总质量与其他4个种源差异都达到显著水平,同时单叶面积、栅栏组织厚度、光合色素含量及净光合速率(P n)等相对于其他种源也具有一定的优势;不同种源间有机物分配规律一致,根质量所占比例均最大,超过70%,其次是叶质量,储存有机物的茎质量比例最小,均不到总质量10%;蒙古栎叶肉结构简单,5个种源栅栏组织厚度为41.99~56.89μm,不同种源间单叶面积和栅栏组织厚度存在显著差异(P<0.05);江密峰叶片的光合色素含量与其余4个种源均存在着显著差异(P<0.05),各种源P n在6.25~8.94μmol·m-2s-1之间,差异不显著;生物量与光合色素、P n、根质量、叶质量及栅栏组织厚度均达到了极显著正相关(P<0.01),与单叶面积显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同种源生长生理特征均存在差异,蒙古栎遗传资源变异丰富,江密峰种源表现最好,应用潜力大。     

蒙古栎乙醇原料林不同种源橡实成分分析

通过对黑龙江省各种源蒙古栎橡仁淀粉、可溶性糖、粗纤维、单宁、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和橡壳中糠醛和活性炭等成分含量的比较分析,结果表明:不同种源蒙古栎橡实各物质成分含量存在显著差异,综合比较,初步确定林口、绥阳和桦南等种源橡实中可制乙醇物质含量高,为优良种源。     

4个不同种源蒙古栎种实形态分析

本文对蒙古栎国家林木种质资源库中采集自辽宁凌源、河北围场、内蒙古科左后旗、辽宁阜新4个种源的蒙古栎种实形态进行分析,结果表明:上述4个不同种源的种实的单粒重、种粒长、种粒直径均具有显著差异,表明种实形态可以作为区分蒙古栎种源的有效依据。     

不同种源蒙古栎种子表型性状与淀粉含量的变异分析

The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg^-1 to 5.48 g·kg^-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.     

湖北省杉木种源试验

介绍了１９７７年和１９８０年在湖北省１３个试验点进行的杉木地理种源选择试验结果，通过９年生和６年生两次重复试验的结果表明，杉木种源的树高、胸径、材积、侧枝、冠幅、结实与抗寒性等性状存在显著的遗传差异，种源生长与环境与作明显，杉木种源生长幼龄阶段的失次相关性强，采用多变量座标综合评定法，为湖北省五大杉木造林区分别选出了相应的优良种源，其中绵屏，邻水，江华、那坡四个种源在湖北大多数地区表现优良，适应性     

加勒比松种源试验

在广东遂溪进行的加勒比松种源试验表明，３个加勒比松变种及种源间存在着显著差异，在雷州半岛正种加勒比松干形通直，生长迅速，病虫害少，抗风力强，湛江林木良种场种子园生产的正种加勒比松子代，其生长及干形有较大改善，可在我国热带，南亚热带广泛造林使用，洪都拉斯加勒比松幼林阶段病虫害发生比较严重，不适宜在雷州半岛种植；巴哈马加勒比松可扩大种植。     

火炬松种源试验研究

两次种源试验结果表明，火炬种源间生长、干形、结实等性状变异显著，变异届地理渐变型；影响生长的主导因子是原产地的热量和生长期的降水量，生长最鬃种源原产地气温升高、无霜期长，６－９月降水量增加而增加，随纬度增高而下降，佛罗里达的马里斯、纳索、利维、估治亚的埃文斯、格林、南卡的乔治城，路易斯安娜的利爱等种源，为本次试验评选出的优良种源。     

秃杉种源试验研究进展

秃杉是我国重点保护的珍稀濒危树种,开展地理种源试验是探讨其地理变异规律与遗传特性,保护和发掘优良种质基因资源的重要途径。在概述种源试验历史进程及研究进展基础上,从种源生态适应性、苗期及幼林生长、种源变异与地理气候因子相关性以及栽培区划等4个方面对秃杉种源试验进展情况作了综合评述,并对湖北省秃杉种源试验存在的问题及解决途径作了探讨。     

Provenance Variation in Phenotypic Traits in Quercus robur and Quercus petraea in Danish Provenance Trials

A study of 33 provenances in Danish field trials with Quercus robur and Q. petraea was made between 1993 and 1998. The trials include Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian and Swedish provenances, and were established between 1900 and 1988. Growth, flushing, stem form and epicormic shoot formation were studied. There were strong geographical clines for growth; however, the variation within regions was considerable. Time of flushing followed a more complex clinal pattern and was related to both latitude and distance from the ocean. Stem form was highly variable within different geographical regions and it is suggested that this could be caused by different management regimes in the past. Oaks from some locations in Sweden and Norway seemed especially straight. Stem form is one of the most important parameters for commercial oak management and could be seriously improved through breeding, as it was under considerable genetic control. Epicormic shoot production was in part under genetic control, but no geographical patterns were found. Danish provenances of Q. petraea were growing more rapidly than similar Q. robur on sandy locations. Quercus petraea produced fewer epicormic branches and stem form was equal to or better than Q. robur. Quercus petraea should be recommended for landscape use on windy locations in Denmark.     

蒙古栎播种育苗技术

为了丰富用材林和绿化造林树种,我所自1998年开始研究蒙古栎人工栽培技术,现播种育苗获得初步成功并取得了一些经验.     

不同试验处理对蒙古栎嫁接育苗的影响

以呼伦贝尔市蚕业科学研究所蒙古栎嫁接试验为基础,采用卡方检验和双样本频率检验方法对接穗采集日期、接穗贮藏方式和接穗嫁接时间对蒙古栎嫁接成活率的影响进行了探讨,结果表明:接穗采集时间对蒙古栎嫁接后的成活率没有影响;沙埋贮藏蒙古栎接穗嫁接后的成活率较冷库贮藏蒙古栎接穗嫁接后的成活率高;嫁接时间选择5月中下旬比较合理,其对提高蒙古栎嫁接后的成活率有利.     

辽西地区蒙古栎人工直播造林技术

在掌握蒙古栎幼树生物学特性和庇荫条件有利于蒙古栎幼树生长的基础上,针对辽西半干旱的自然条件,阐述了蒙古栎人工直播造林技术措施,包括流水浸种、适度干燥、雨前整地、播种时间、筛选分级、用大粒播种、每穴4~5粒、覆土厚度5~8cm、加强幼林抚育管理等技术措施。     

大兴安岭林区蒙古栎生长过程研究

通过对蒙古栎生长过程的研究,提出了大兴安岭林区蒙古栎林的经营对策。     

麻栎幼林施肥试验

对麻栎幼林开展施肥试验。结果表明:施用微生物有机菌肥与化肥对麻栎树高生长有显著影响,其中施用微生物有机菌肥2kg·株^-1+尿素2kg·株^-1对麻栎树高增长效果最好,施肥1年3个月后树高增长量为2.31m;微生物有机菌肥与化肥施肥量配比对麻栎胸径生长有显著影响,施用微生物有机菌肥1kg·株^-1+复合肥2kg·株^-1和微生物有机菌肥2kg·株^-1+复合肥2kg·株^-11年3个月后,胸径增长量分别为0.99cm和0.89cm,均显著高于施用其它配比肥的。增施复合肥更有利于麻栎的均衡生长,而微生物有机菌肥是缓效性肥料,对改善土壤理化性质和增加土壤活性有益。     

栓皮栎种子及苗期种源变异分析

收集了栓皮栎主要分布区12个种源的种子,对种子及播种苗进行了测定分析.结果表明,栓皮栎种子的大小、质量、发芽率及苗期的生长,在种源间均存在显著差异.栓皮栎中心分布区域种源的种子相对较大,发芽率较高,来自这些区域的种源苗期生长亦较旺盛.苗期生长的显著差异表明,栓皮栎种源间及种源内优良类型选育具有很大潜力.     

麻栎嫁接育苗试验

采集湖南省森林植物园、安徽省滁州市南谯区红琊山林场25年生优良母树上的枝条作接穗,以1年生麻栎实生苗作砧木,选择插皮接、切接、腹接、T字形芽接和劈接等5种常规方法,进行麻栎嫁接试验,研究不同嫁接方法对麻栎嫁接成活率、苗高及地径的影响。结果表明:嫁接方法对麻栎嫁接成活率、苗高及地径均具有显著影响。切接法嫁接成活率最高,达到90%;其次是劈接法,达到85%;其它3种方法的较低,其中腹接的为70%,插皮接的为65%,T字形芽接的为60%。不同嫁接方法各处理苗木高和地径大小依次为切接劈接=腹接T字形芽接=插皮接。