黑龙江省甜菜象虫发生及防治研究

1979～1981年研究了黑龙江省为害甜菜的象虫种类有甜菜长柄象、蒙古土象、甜菜象、二斑尖眼象、三北甜菜象、黑斜纹象、锥喙筒喙象、甜菜毛足象及甜菜碗额象等9种,其中甜菜长柄象和蒙古土象为优势种。40%甲胺磷乳油500～800倍液喷洒幼苗,杀虫率80～95%;用“3911”闷种对防治甜菜象虫有较高的效果,可挽回甜菜块根产量11～25%。     

进口木材检疫截获的锥象科害虫

本文主要介绍从进口木材检疫中截获的锥象料害虫，分别描述了长颚宽喙锥象Ｂａｒｙｒｒｈｙｎｃｈｕｓｐｏｗｅｒｉ长角铲喙锥象Ｃｅｒｏｂａｔｅｓｏｃｔｏｇｕｔｔａｔｕｓ、窄颈细喙锥象Ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｉｚｕｓｂｉｓｕｌｃａｔｕｓ、长毛驼峰锥象Ｃｙｐｈａｇｏｇｕｓｓｉｇｎｉｐｅｓ、短喙驼峰锥象Ｃｙｐｈａｇｏｇｕｓｓｐ．及扁锥象Ｊｏｎｔｈｏｃｅｒｕｓｎｉｇｒｉｐｅｓ６种锥象成虫的主要鉴别特征。     

北京发现洋白蜡新害虫——多孔横沟象 Pimelocerus perforatus (Roelofs)

2017年在北京洋白蜡上发现多孔横沟象Pimelocerus perforatus为害树干,这种象甲在中国分布较广,国内一直用名大粒横沟象Dyscerus cribripennis。本文记述了多孔横沟象的形态特征、寄主、对洋白蜡的为害,讨论了大粒横沟象的学名问题,并提供多孔横沟象的成虫和幼虫期形态(包括雄性外生殖器)、为害状等彩图。     

东南亚木材上截获的两种锥象

2003年以来,扬州口岸木材进口较多,扬州出入境检验检疫局的检疫人员从中截获大量有害生物,特别是象虫类.经初步鉴定,分隶于长角象科Anthribidae、锥象科Brentidae、象虫科Curculionidae的隐喙象亚科Cryptorhynchinae和大眼象亚科Zygopinae及隐颏象亚科Rhynchophorinae等.现将已定名的两种锥象介绍如下.     

稻水象在温岭市的发生规律及生活习性

温岭市是 1993年 6月发现水稻害虫稻水象。本人从 1993年开始就投入了对稻水象的调查研究 ,到 1998年止 ,经 6年来面上调查、设点监测、室内饲养 ,基本上掌握了稻水象在温岭市的发生规律及生活习性。现将所掌握的情况归纳如下。1　稻水象在我市的发生规律1.1　稻水象在我市的年     

几种药剂防治棉盲蝽象田间药效试验

为筛选防治棉盲蝽象的高毒农药替代产品．采用田间试验的方法比较甲氨基阿维菌素1％乳油、丁硫克百威20％乳油＋高效氯氰菊酯4．5％乳油、啶虫脒3％乳油3组药剂对棉盲蝽象的防治效果。试验结果表明：以上几种药剂对棉盲蝽象均具有较好的防治效果．且对作物安全,是防治棉盲蝽象的理想药剂。     

江西象虫新记录

本文记述了江西象虫新记录40种。可为我省象虫的虫情测报、植物检疫和地理区划等提供资料。现分别列出如下: 1.擦树长足象Alcides sp. 分布:铜鼓、万载、宜春、井岗山。寄主:擦树、樟树、鹅掌楸、深山含笑。简介:一年发生1代,以成虫在寄主上越冬。2.长颈黄斑象Apoderus balterus Roelofs 分布:井岗山。寄主:竹子。     

寄主与粮粒对雅脊金小蜂寄生和发育的影响

从三级营养关系出发,研究了不同粮食（小麦和玉米）和寄主（米象和玉米象）对雅脊金小蜂发育和寄生的影响。结果表明：4个三级营养系统中雅脊金小蜂实验种群在4种虫源寄主中均能正常发育,其卵-成虫的发育历期在4种虫源寄主中由短至长依序为：玉米粒-玉米象〈小麦粒-玉米象〈小麦粒-米象〈玉米粒-米象;4种蜂源中雅脊金小蜂对小麦中的米象或玉米象的寄生率、刺死率和总致死率均显著高于对玉米中的米象或玉米象。因此用雅脊金小蜂控制小麦中的米象或玉米象,其效果较之玉米中的米象或玉米象的效果更好。     

罗望子果象

罗望子果象 Sitophilus,linearis(Her-bst)隶属象虫科 Curculionidae,米象属Sitophilus。英文名称为 The Tamarindweevil。1985年8月,在云南瑞丽口岸,从缅甸进口的酸豆上发现了该虫。由于罗望子象虫在外形上与米象、玉米象,谷象很相似,加之目前国内尚未见罗望子象虫的报道,所以特将我们的一些观察结果整理于后。供口岸检疫参考。     

象耳豆根结线虫的PCR鉴定和检测方法

 象耳豆根结线虫是一种在中国具有潜在经济重要性的农作物病原物。为提供有助于控制象耳豆根结线虫传播扩散的方法,研制了该线虫的快速PCR鉴定和检测法。该方法PCR引物的扩增目标为rDNA-IGS2区域,其设计依据象耳豆根结线虫与南方、爪哇、花生和北方根结线虫在该区域核酸序列的差异。通过对6种近似根结线虫的不同地理群体及自然土壤线虫群体的测试,验证了设计的PCR引物针对象耳豆根结线虫的特异性和可靠性。本方法具有快速灵敏的特点,可用于象耳豆根结线虫单条线虫的直接鉴定以及混合土壤线虫群体中象耳豆根结线虫的检测。     

Reduced consumption of pea protein-treated flour disks by stored-product insects

Consumption of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein-treated wheat flour by the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum (Herbst.), the rice weevilSitophilus oryzae (L.) and the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.), was significantly reduced compared with wheat flour alone. Consumption was affected when the insects were exposed for 3 days to flour disks containing protein-rich fraction of the ‘Bonneville’ pea variety. Antifeedants present in the pea protein fraction are apparently responsible for the reduced feeding response in these species. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 6, 2004.     

The activity of some compounds extracts byAllium on stored-product insectsOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.),Sitophilus oryzae (L.) andTribolium castaneum (Herbst)

The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products. The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae.     

Malathion resistance of stored-product insects in Israel

A study was conducted to determine the extent of resistance to malathion in field populations of insects collected from nine granaries located in different regions of Israel. The results showed that the maximum resistance factor calcuated from the LC_so ^s of the different insect species tested was:Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), x 538.0;Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), x 8.0;Sitophilus oryzae (L.), x 1.2; andRhyzopertha dominica (F.), x 9.0. There were significant differences between the resistance level among strains collected from different locations in Israel. By using triphenyl phosphate (TPP), an inhibitor of carboxyesterase, it was shown that, in the case ofT. castaneum andR. dominica, the resistance is a malathion-specific type and that in the case ofO. surinamensis it is partially non-specific to malathion. The significance of these findings in selecting new insecticides to replace malathion as a grain protectant was considered.     

Response of five species of stored-product insects to phosphine in oxygen-deficient atmospheres

Five species of stored-product insects, [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum (DuVal), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. granarius (L.)], exposed to phosphine in nitrogen and various oxygen-deficient atmospheres, showed reduced susceptibility to three concentrations of phosphine (0.02, 0.04 and 0.2 mg litre^?1). The last two species also showed reduced susceptibility to phosphine at 2.0 mg litre^?1. Generally mortality increased progressively as the level of oxygen was raised. There was a close relationship between the ability of insects to withstand anoxia and survival from phosphine treatment.     

Chlorpyrifos-methyl plus bioresmethrin; Methacrifos; Pirimiphos-methyl plus bioresmethrin; and synergised bioresmethrin as grain protectants for wheat

Field trials with various pesticide combinations were carried out on bulk wheat in commercial silos in Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. Laboratory bioassays on samples of treated grain at intervals over 8 months using malathion-susceptible and malathion-resistant strains established the following orders of efficacy: against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), chlorpyrifos-methyl 10 mg kg^?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg^?1 = methacrifos 15 mg kg^?1 in aerated storage > pirimiphos-methyl 4 or 6 mg kg^?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg^?1 = bioresmethrin 4 mg kg^?1 + piperonyl butoxide 16 mg kg^?1; against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), bioresmethrin 4 mg kg^?1 + piperonyl butoxide 16 mg kg^?1 > methacrifos 15 mg kg^?1 > chlorpyrifos-methyl 10 mg kg^?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg^?1 = pirimiphos-methyl 4 or 6 mg kg^?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg^?1. All treatments completely prevented production of progeny in Sitophilus granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jackquelin du Val and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The biological efficacy of methacrifos was greater and the rate of degradation lower in aerated than in non-aerated storage. Residue levels of all compounds were determined chemically and were below proposed international residue levels to be considered by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.     

Preliminary study of the fumigant toxicity of allyl alcohol to three stored-product insects

The toxicity of allyl alcohol as a fumigant was assessed for adults ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst.),Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) andSitophilus oryzae (L.). Fumigations were carried out in 3.4–1 glass containers at concentrations of 1–15 mg/l for 3 h. The most sensitive species wasS. oryzae and the most tolerant wasT. castaneum. A dose of 15 mg/l for 3 h was lethal to all three species tested. The feasibility of proposing allyl alcohol as a candidate fumigant is discussed. Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization.     

The activity of some compounds extracts byAllium on stored-product insectsOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.),Sitophilus oryzae (L.) andTribolium castaneum (Herbst)

The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products. The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae. Part 6 in the series “Chemistry of the genus Allium”.     

Effect of chitin-synthesis inhibitors on stored-product beetles

The fecundity of four important coleopteran stored-grain pests, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was assessed after exposure to wheat treated with five benzoylphenyl ureas (BPUs), members of the chitin-synthesis inhibitor group of insect growth regulators (IGRs). Chlorfluazuron was found to control all four species more effectively than triflumuron, teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron or diflubenzuron. Two weeks of exposure of parents to 0.5 mg kg ?1 of all the BPUs, except diflubenzuron, inhibited almost all F1 production and all the F2 production of each species. The fecundities of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis recovered almost to their untreated levels after two weeks of exposure to 1 mg kg ?1 of BPUs followed by two weeks on untreated wheat, but the effect of the exposure persisted for at least two weeks on untreated wheat in adult S. oryzae and to a lesser extent in R. dominica. The mean F1 response of the four species after two weeks of exposure to four doses showed clearly that the four newer BPUs were all similar in their overall effectiveness and significantly more effective than diflubenzuron, although diflubenzuron was equally effective against S. oryzae. At 0.1 mg kg ?1 triflumuron was less effective against O. surinamensis, while teflubenzuron and flufenoxuron were not very effective against the rice weevil, S. oryzae. Chlorfluazuron provided the most effective control of all four stored-product pest species, including the weevil, S. oryzae. The BPUs show particular potential for use in the stored-product industry because low dosages will effectively control the rice weevil in addition to the other major pest species.     

Capture of stored-grain Coleoptera with WB Probe II Trap: influence of grain type

The commercially available trap WB Probe II Trap have been used in laboratory to monitor insects activity in grains at 24±1°C and 70±5% r.h.. The major coleopteran pests of cereals in Italy,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.),Rhyzopertha dominica (F.),Sitophilus oryzae (L.) andTribolium castaneum (Herbst), were added to the grain at about 0.9 insect per kg. Two tests were prepared: in the testA insect activity was observed in spring wheatTriticum aestivum, L.; in the testB were compared in oat grainAvena sativa L., spring wheatTriticum aestivum L. and maize grainZea mays L. Significant differences in the numbers of insects collected by the traps were observed, both when compared across traps and cereal types. In all cereals considered traps trapped moreS. oryzae thanT. castaneum andO. surinamenis; the species less trapped wereR. dominica.     

Ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate--a potential liquid fumigant for stored grains

BACKGROUND: Methyl bromide is being phased out for use on stored commodities, as it is listed as an ozone‐depleting substance, and phosphine is the fumigant widely used on grains. However, phosphine resistance occurs worldwide, and phosphine fumigation requires a long exposure period and temperatures of > 15 °C. There is an urgent requirement for the development of a fumigant that kills insects quickly and for phosphine resistance management. This paper reports on a new fumigant formulation of 95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate as an alternative fumigant for stored grains. RESULTS: The formulation is stable for at least 4 months of storage at 45 °C. A laboratory bioassay with the formulation showed that it controlled all stages of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Sitophilus granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Trogoderma variabile Ballion and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) in infested wheat, barley, oats and peas at 80 mg L^?1 for 5 days, and in canola at both 40 mg L^?1 for 5 days and 80 mg L^?1 for 2 days at 25 ± 2 °C. After an 8–14 day holding period, residues of ethyl formate and methyl isothiocyanate in wheat, barley, peas and canola were below the experimental permit levels of 1.0 and 0.1 mg kg^?1. However, fumigated oats needed an 18 day holding period. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate formulation has potential as a fumigant for the control of stored‐grain insect pests in various commodities. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry