玉米种衣剂对种子萌发和生长的影响

本文以黑301玉米品种为材料研究了种衣剂对玉米干种子及催芽后包衣种子萌发、种苗初期生长和产量的影响．试验结果表明，种衣剂对干种子包衣的种子有促进萌发、提高发芽势、发芽率、促进生长和增产作用；对催芽后包衣玉米种子降低发芽势，影响出苗日期，但有增产作用。     

玉米种育剂对种子萌发和生长的影响

本文以黑３０１玉米品种为材料研究了种衣剂对玉米干种子及催芽后包衣种子萌发，种子初期生长和产量的影响，试验结果表明，种衣剂对干种子包衣的种子有促进萌发，提高发芽势，发芽率，促进生长和增产作用，对催芽后包衣玉米种子降低芽势，影响出苗日期，但有增产作用。     

不同种衣剂对玉米出苗的影响

采用小区试验,对种衣剂包衣玉米种子出苗的影响进行了研究,同时也对不同种衣剂的不同作用效果进行了比较分析,结果表明：处理3（克茵丹＋劲苗）、处理4（克菌丹＋帅苗）、处理5（卫福＋帅苗）、处理6（卫福＋劲苗）的平均出苗率比未处理种子的出苗率提高7．76％,差异达到极显著水平,区组间的差异不显著,说明受外界因素影响不显著。     

水稻生物种衣剂示范总结报告

为了验证水稻生物种衣剂的包衣效果,用大区试验的方法进行了两年试验,结果表明:清水浸种后用种衣剂包衣(种药比40:1)可促进水稻的生育进程,有效控制立枯病和青枯病的发生,增加千粒重,减少秕粒,增产效果显著,可以在生产中应用。     

沟播集中施肥对旱地小麦产量及产量因素的影响

小麦沟播集中施肥较平播撒施肥料对提高肥料利用率和改善农田生态条件等有明显的作用.有利于提高播种质量和培育壮苗。这种施肥方法对小麦生长发育的主要影响,表现为根系发达活力强,叶面积大.有效分蘗多.穗、粒重协调发展.具有穗多、粒多的优势.产量显著高于平播撒施肥。产量构成的三因素的增产效应依次为公顷穗数>穗粒数>千粒重。     

山区旱地间套种春玉米的覆盖效果研究

3年定位试验结果表明,栏肥、秸秆、地膜和杂草覆盖对山区旱地间套种春玉米具有显著的增产增效作用,增产幅度18.1%～36.4%,其中以秸秆覆盖最为明显,且以前作秸秆全部覆盖最好.栏肥、秸秆和杂草覆盖保水效果好,具增降温的双重功效,并能明显提高土壤肥力,而地膜覆盖保水抗旱效果差,又耗地力,不利于山区旱地的可持续生产。     

11.7%多功能种衣剂3号防治玉米病虫害试验

经田间试验,11.7%多功能种衣剂3号包衣玉米种子,对玉米出苗及生长发育安全、防治苗期茎腐病的效果为47.6%～70.9%,防玉米丝黑穗病的效果为62.2%～80.5%,对蛴螬的防效为68%～100%,并能提高玉米产量,在生产中建议以2∶100或2.5∶100包衣为宜。     

杀虫防病种衣剂的研制及防效初报

筛选了具有较强生防能力的亲和内生细菌2株,并分离了白僵菌3株、绿僵菌2株,在此基础上对其与克百威和烯唑醇复配的可能性进行了研究,并进行了大田防治玉米土传病虫害的试验。结果表明:生防菌可以与化学农药复配;复配而成的含克.唑5%种衣剂MB对玉米土传病虫害有一定的防效作用。     

种衣剂添加黑曲霉对盐胁迫下玉米苗期生长的影响

为探究种衣剂添加黑曲霉在盐胁迫下对玉米苗期生长的影响,试验设置对照组（CK）、盐胁迫对照组（NCK）、盐胁迫施用种衣剂（NHQ）、无盐胁迫施用种衣剂（HQ）、盐胁迫施用种衣剂并添加黑曲霉（NHQ-A）、无盐胁迫施用种衣剂并添加黑曲霉（HQ-A）6个处理,结果表明,NHQ-A、HQ-A组相较NHQ、HQ组,根长分别增长16.07%和30.06%,叶宽分别增长11.08%和6.88%,叶绿素SPAD值、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有明显增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量下降。因此,种衣剂添加黑曲霉对玉米幼苗苗期生长具有一定的促生作用,能够缓解盐胁迫对玉米带来的一部分危害。     

免耕整秸秆半覆盖对旱地玉米生长发育及产量的影响

3年试验研究结果表明,旱地玉米采用免耕整秸秆覆盖栽培具有显著的增产效果,在干旱年份尤为明显,3年平均产量比传统耕作玉米增产57.7%,增产幅度23.8%～191.0%.由于秸秆覆盖后土壤温度降低,玉米前期生长发育缓慢,进入拔节期后植株生长发育加快,抽雄前植株长势逐步赶上并超过对照.与传统耕作比较,免耕覆盖玉米具有根系发达、植株高、茎秆粗、叶面积大、干物质积累多、成穗率高、果穗大、穗粒数多、千粒重高等优良性状.     

包衣对大豆生长发育和产量的影响

通过用三种包衣剂对大豆种子包衣的研究,结果表明：大豆种子包衣后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数均优于不包衣种子,但包衣与不包衣种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数差异均未达显著水平。三种包衣剂都能协调大豆的营养生长和生殖生长的关系,增加百粒重,提高产量,其中2号包衣刺产量增加15．51％,差异达极显著水平,1号包衣刺产量增加1.31％,差异不显著,3号包衣剂增产4、49％,差异不显著。     

抗旱剂对大豆出苗及幼苗生长的效应

在干旱胁迫下，抗旱拌种剂加浸种剂复合处理能够提高大豆种子的发芽率，促进幼苗根系生长，增加根冠比，加强水分的吸收和利用。同时能提高叶绿素和可溶性糖含量，幼苗体内脯氨酸含量降低，植株保水力明显增强。试验结果表明抗旱剂浸种8h后2％拌种处理效果最好。     

Effects of fungicide seed treatments on germination, population, and yield of maize grown from seed infected with fungal pathogens

Seedborne fungi can reduce survival, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Laboratory, field, and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the seed treatment fungicides fludioxonil, mefenoxam, and azoxystrobin on germination, plant population, and grain yield of maize grown from low-quality hybrid seed infected with seedborne fungal pathogens. Study I used seed of four hybrids infected at 0-54% incidence with Fusarium spp., Stenocarpella maydis, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and/or Aspergillus spp. Study II used three seed lots for each of two hybrids infected at 7-37% incidence with S. maydis. Warm and cold germination for untreated seed varied among hybrids in both studies. Warm germination of the seed lot with the highest incidence of S. maydis in study II treated with azoxystrobin and fludioxonil was significantly greater (+7%) than the nontreated control. Plant population in study I was significantly affected by seed treatment, hybrid, and their interactions. Populations were greater (≥9%) for fludioxonil, fludioxonil + mefenoxam, and fludioxonil + mefenoxam + azoxystrobin treatments compared to controls. In growth chamber experiments with pasteurized soil, emergence (≥5%) and plant dry weight (≥14%) were both greater than controls only with the triple seed treatment. Plant populations in study II for all seed treatments except mefenoxam and azoxystrobin alone were greater (≥4%) than controls. Yield in study I was significantly affected by hybrid and seed treatment. Yield for one hybrid was higher (≥20%) than the control with all seed treatments except fludioxonil, whereas yield with another hybrid was consistently greater (≥26%) only with the triple seed treatment. Yield in study II was significantly affected by hybrid, seed treatment, and their interactions. Yield was greater (≥8%) than the controls for all seed treatments with one hybrid and with all (≥5%) except azoxystrobin for the other hybrid. Highest yields occurred with the triple seed treatment. Results indicate that fludioxonil and azoxystrobin can increase germination, population, and yield of maize grown from seed infected by S. maydis and other fungi.     

模拟酸雨对花生种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

以人工模拟酸雨试验研究不同酸度酸雨对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，试验结果表明，pH值4．5以下的酸雨可显著地降低花生种子的发芽率，使胚根长度变短，活力指数下降，高酸度的模拟酸雨胁迫使花生幼苗叶总数显著减少，叶片出现明显的受害症状，pH值2．5的模拟酸雨胁迫使叶绿素含量明显下降，过氧化氢酶活性显著增强，酸雨还对土壤具有酸化作用。     

等离子体种子处理技术对大豆生育与产量的研究初报

通过等离子体种子处理技术在大豆上应用研究表明：等离子体处理大豆种子可以提高种子活力,促进植株健壮生长,提高光合速率、灌浆速度,提早成熟,增加叶片的SPAD值。以1．5A剂量增产效果显著,提高百粒重,可增产8．7％。     

温度和盐胁迫对油葵种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过测定不同温度和盐胁迫浓度对油葵种子发芽势、发芽率和幼苗生理生化特性指标的影响,发现相同温度条件下,随着盐浓度的升高,油葵种子的发芽势、发芽率呈降低趋势,发芽时间延迟,胚根的生长受到抑制,胚根长、子叶鲜重均呈现下降的趋势;油葵幼苗的叶片和根系的电解质相对外渗率,SOD、POD活性均呈现先升后降的趋势.相同浓度盐胁迫下...     

Kenaf seed storage duration on germination,emergence, and yield

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a potential alternative crop being developed for fiber production. Because planting area varies dramatically from year to year, seed supplies may greatly exceed use so that the excess seed must be stored for one to several years. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seed storage duration at 10 °C on germination, vigor, emergence, and yield. Replicated trials were established at Starkville, MS in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate field emergence and biomass yield of kenaf seed from five ‘Everglades 41’ (‘E41’) harvest year seed lots stored at 10 °C in ambient relative humidity for up to 4 years. Germination of these same seed lots under standard (20–30 °C) and cool (20 °C) temperatures, and seed vigor was evaluated over time. Field emergence was the same for the different seed storage durations up to 4 years, but was directly affected by drought conditions for each planted year. Biomass yields ranged from 12.39 to 14.57 Mg ha⁻¹ in 1999 and 16.82 to 18.47 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2000, but were not different between storage durations. Seed germination remained greater than 80% regardless of storage duration. Electrolyte leakage, based on conductivity, was 38–50% less with freshly harvested seed than seed stored for 4 years at 10 °C. However, neither the conductivity nor accelerated aging test were reliable predictors of field emergence. Kenaf seed stored up to 4 years at 10 °C retained germination rates acceptable for commercial use. Neither field emergence nor biomass yield was affected by seed storage duration.     

Effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of three salinity plants

Seeds of three halophyte species included Limonium sinense Kuntze, Glycine soja sieb. and Sorghum sudanense Stapf. were used to investigate the effects of different salinity concentrations on their germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, relative germination rate, relative salt-injury rate, radicle length and hypocotyl length. Results showed that seeds of G. soja can germinate well and rapidly at lower level of salt (< 200 mmol L(-1)), 50 mmol L(-1) salt concentrations is better to S. sudanense, suitable salt concentrations was beneficial to germinate of S. sudanense seeds. Seeds of L. sinense and S. sudanense can germinate at higher level of salt (400 mmol L(-1)). Three plant seeds had different physiological mechanism for germination under salt stress, radicle hypocotyl ratio of L. sinense and S. sudanense increased with increasing salt suggested that they had the higher tolerance in shoot growth under NaCl stress, which is perhaps the reason for their wide utilisation for saline soil rehabilitation.     

盐胁迫对不同基因型紫苏种子萌发、幼苗生长 和生理特征的影响

本文对苏引1、紫野7和紫野10三个不同基因型紫苏在不同浓度（0,50, 100, 150, 200,250mmol/L）盐胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系活力、丙二醛及可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶活性等进行了研究。结果表明：种子发芽率、发芽势、种子活力指数等发芽指标均随盐浓度增加而降低。不同盐浓度胁迫下幼苗培养3周后,随盐浓度增加,幼苗株高、幼苗活力指数、存活率、鲜重、干重和根系活力降低,MDA和可溶性糖增加,POD呈先增加后降低的趋势。三个紫苏品种在种子发芽、幼苗生长和生理变化上均表现出不同的耐盐能力,苏引1 耐盐能力最强,紫野7居中,紫野10对盐胁迫最敏感。     

Effect of soil solarization on true potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed germination, seedling growth, weed population and tuber yield

Summary True potato seed of 17 progenies were evaluated during 2002-03 and 2003-04 crop seasons for 12 characters related to seed germination, seedling growth and weed population in nursery beds and tuber yield of transplanted seedlings under non-solarized field conditions. Solarization was found to have beneficial effect on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of transplanted seedlings. Total weeds and major annual weedCornopus didymus were reduced to a great extent due to solarization. However solarization had no effect onCyperus rotundus. Progenies also showed significant differences among themselves for the various characters studied. The progeny x solarization interaction was also significant for all the characters. Yield increase in present study shows that the approach involving raising of seedlings in solarized nursery beds and subsequent transfer of seedlings to non-solarized field would be cost-effective and profitable for raising true seed crop of potato.