多环境条件下大豆蛋白质含量稳定性QTL分析

为定位大豆蛋白质含量稳定性QTL,从而为培育高蛋白大豆品种提供依据,本研究利用源自美国大豆Charleston和中国品种东农594杂交获得的147个株系组成的重组自交系群体,利用三种生态环境下三年数据估算的Shukla稳定性方差对大豆蛋白含量进行了遗传和QTL分析。结果表明,利用复合区间作图法（CIM）检测大豆蛋白稳定性QTL得到2个QTL,分别为qPRO1-1和qPRO17-1,位于连锁群A1和L上,贡献率分别为4.70%和5.73%,共解释10.43%的表型变异。利用混合区间作图法MIM检测到2对上位性QTL,互作染色体为A1×G和A1×A2,上位效应分别为0.19**和-0.22,贡献率为12.82%和17.42%,共解释30.24%表型变异。本实验分析多个环境下的数据,考虑到了QTL 与环境的互作效应,在三种环境条件下分析QTL,检测到了在不同环境下可以稳定出现的QTL位点。控制大豆蛋白含量的QTL位点,都表现出明显的上位性效应和GE互作效应。其中稳定性较好的QTL和公共图谱上定位的调控大豆蛋白质含量的QTL prot 1-7、cq oil003、oil8-1, prot 17-5、prot 2-1、prot 12-1等在区间上一致。     

两种方法定位5个地点大豆蛋白质含量QTL

利用CIM和MIM法,对大豆Charleston×东农594的154个重组自交系在5个不同地点进行蛋白质含量测定和QTL定位分析。共检测到25个QTL,分别位于A1、B1、C2、D1a、D1b、E、J、L和N连锁群上。用CIM法定位到了20个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL,用MIM法定位到了9个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL。在C2连锁群上多次定位的ProC2-4,标记区间为Sat_092-Satt460,与前人找到的QTL位点一致。     

基于3种遗传统计模型对粳稻米质性状的QTL分析

 以粳粳交组合秀水79/C堡衍生的254个重组自交系为材料,利用基于混合线性模型的QTLMapper 2.0软件的复合区间作图法(MCIM)、基于逐步回归线性模型的QTL IciMapping 3.0软件的完备复合区间作图法(ICIM)和基于多元回归分析的Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5软件的多区间作图回归前进选择法(MIMR)等3种定位方法,对整精米的粒长、长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、糊化温度和胶稠度等7个米质性状进行了QTL分析。结果表明,3种方法同时检测到的具有加性效应的QTL (A QTL)有5个,2种方法同时检测到的A QTL有2个,仅能在1种方法中检测到的A QTL有23个。MCIM、ICIM和MIMR检测到的A QTL个数分别为5、9和28,单个A QTL贡献率为0.89%~38.07%。MIMR检测到的具有上位性效应的QTL (E QTL)在另2种方法中都未被检测到。MCIM 和ICIM同时检测到的E QTL有14对,仅能在1种方法中检测到的E QTL有142对。MCIM、ICIM和MIMR检测到的E QTL对数分别为25、141和4,单对E QTL贡献率为2.60%~23.78%。在秀堡RIL群体中,粒长和垩白度的变异以上位性效应为主,长宽比则以加性效应为主,而垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量、糊化温度和胶稠度为加性效应和上位性效应同等重要。两种及以上方法同时检测到的QTL可靠性高,可用于改良杂交粳稻米质。     

粳稻碾米品质的基因型差异及其与稻米理化特性的关系

以177份武育粳3号突变体为材料,通过田间试验,研究了不同突变体材料的糙米率、精米率和整精米率等碾米品质指标的基因型差异,并分析了其碾米品质指标与粒形、垩白、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量等生化组分之间的关系。研究结果表明,突变体材料之间在碾米品质上呈现显著的基因型差异。糙米率分布区间为69.5%～86.2%,平均值为81.7%;精米率分布区间为52.0%～76.3%,平均值为71.4%;整精米率分布区间为29.4%～73.9%,平均值为68.3%。筛选到的整精米率较低和较高的20份突变体可为碾米品质形成机制研究提供新材料。相关分析结果表明,整精米率与垩白粒率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.291**),与粒长和粒重呈显著和极显著(r=0.209*,r=0.400**)正相关。整精米率与总蛋白、谷蛋白含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.429**,r=-0.421**)。本研究结果初步表明了垩白粒率、粒形和蛋白质含量等理化指标与整精米率之间的关系,为揭示碾米品质形成的理化基础提供了参考。     

利用染色体片段置换系群体检测水稻叶片形态QTL

 水稻叶片的形态改良是水稻株型育种和产量育种的重要目标之一。以9311/日本晴染色体片段置换系（CSSLs）群体为材料,定位了上3叶叶片长、宽、叶面积共9个性状QTL,分析了叶片性状与产量性状之间的相关性,同时定位了主穗重及产量构成因素（颖花数、千粒重、结实率）相关QTL。结果表明,CSSLs群体的叶片性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性;叶片性状与主穗重呈显著或极显著正相关,与主穗颖花数呈极显著正相关;叶片形态多数性状与结实率、千粒重没有显著相关性。两年共定位到20个叶片性状QTL,分布于第1、3、4、5、6、9、11共7条染色体的10个区间,贡献率为3.82%~14.61%,其中贡献率大于10%有6个,多个QTL成簇分布在相同区间,3个QTL在两年间重复检测到,8个QTL为前人未报道的新位点。两年共检测到16个与控制主穗产量相关的QTL,分布于第1、2、3、5、7、8、10共7条染色体13个区间,其中有7个主穗产量相关QTL所在5个区间与叶片形态14个QTL所在区间一致。     

扬麦13/C615重组自交系籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度性状QTL分析

籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度是评价小麦品质的重要指标,也是小麦品质育种的主要选择指标。为挖掘新的与小麦品质相关的QTL,以扬麦13为父本,以CIMMYT引进种质C615为母本,构建了包含198个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred line,RIL）群体,利用小麦90K SNP芯片构建遗传图谱,并结合群体在4个环境下的籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度性状,对这两个性状进行QTL定位。结果表明,后代的品质性状偏向于扬麦13; 94个家系的籽粒蛋白质含量平均值小于12.5%,硬度平均值小于50,符合国家弱筋小麦籽粒品质标准;构建的遗传图谱覆盖小麦 21条染色体,长度为4 853.76 cM,平均图距为5.79 cM;共检测到4个与籽粒蛋白质含量显著相关的QTL,分别位于2D染色体短臂、3D染色体短臂、5B染色体短臂和7A染色体长臂上,除 QGpc.yaas-3DS的增效基因来源于扬麦13外,其余3个QTL的增效基因均来自C615。 QGpc.yaas-2DS在4个环境中均能检测到,单个QTL的表型贡献率为2.80%～  11.79%,其他3个QTL均仅能在1个环境下检测到,表型贡献率为  3.09%～9.79%;共检测到2个与籽粒硬度性状显著相关的QTL,分别位于4A染色体长臂和5D染色体短臂上,硬度增效基因都来自C615, QHA.yaas-4AL在2个环境能检测到,表型贡献率为3.17%～3.84%; QHA.yaas-5DS在4个环境下能检测到,表型贡献率为  26.37%～37.51%。聚合2个硬度增效基因的家系硬度值均达到硬质麦水平（硬度值≥50）。综上,扬麦13可作为优异亲本用于弱筋小麦品质育种,定位到的稳定的QTL/基因可为小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度性状的分子标记辅助育种提供帮助。     

花生主要品质性状的QTLs定位分析

以郑8903×豫花4号的215个重组自交系群体（RILs）为材料,采用2008年原阳种植材料(F8)的品质检测数据,运用WinQTLCart 2.5软件进行与花生蛋白质、脂肪及脂肪酸含量相关的QTLs定位分析。研究结果显示,检测到2个与蛋白质含量相关的QTLs,遗传贡献率分别为4.82%和9.66%;2个与脂肪含量相关的QTLs,遗传贡献率分别为5.25%和8.24%。与油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和山嵛酸含量相关的QTL各检测到1个,遗传贡献率分别为5.13%、8.28%、24.14%和7.88%;2个与花生酸含量相关的QTLs,遗传贡献率分别为7.12%和18.32%。     

小麦籽粒淀粉含量的QTL定位及效应分析

为深入了解小麦籽粒淀粉含量的遗传特性和QTL效应,选择淀粉含量差异较大的小麦品种M344和武春3号杂交,创制F2∶3群体,并利用973对SSR引物对小麦籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉和抗性淀粉含量进行基于混合线性模型的QTL定位及效应分析。构建了包含有163个标记的遗传连锁图谱,分布于18条染色体,连锁图谱总长度为1 622.5cM,标记间平均距离为9.95cM。QTL分析表明,共检测到4个主效QTL和12对上位性QTL,涉及1B、2B、2D、4A、5D、6A和7A等16条染色体。其中,抗性淀粉含量上位性QTL3对,总淀粉含量上位性QTL 4对,直链淀粉含量上位性QTL 5对,总贡献率分别为8.34%、17.50%和8.13%。总淀粉和直链淀粉含量各检测到1个加性QTL,抗性淀粉含量检测到2个加性QTL,贡献率分别为5.34%、8.49%、11.47%、12.53%。研究发现,2B染色体Xwmc453.3~Xcfd44.2标记区间的QTL位点同时影响抗性淀粉和总淀粉含量,2D染色体Xgwm296~Xgwm455.2标记区间的QTL位点同时影响抗性淀粉和直链淀粉含量,7A染色体Xwmc488.1~Xwmc488.2标记区间的QTL位点同时影响直链淀粉和总淀粉含量。     

大豆蛋白质含量的QTL定位

以高蛋白的大豆品种齐黄26和低蛋白的滑皮豆为亲本,杂交获得含170个单株的F2代分离群体,采用SSR分子标记技术,构建了一张包括18个连锁群的分子连锁图谱,覆盖大豆基因组长度1 035.6 cM,标记间平均距离为16.44 cM。利用复合区间作图法,对在济南和冠县衍生出的F2∶3群体的蛋白质含量的进行QTL分析。结果表明:济南试验点定位到3个与蛋白质含量有关的QTL,分布于D2、E和K连锁群上,分别可解释14%、11%和2%的变异;冠县试验点定位到1个与蛋白质含量有关的QTL,位于E连锁群上,可解释3%的变异。通过遗传作图找到3个与所定位的QTL相连锁的SSR标记,这些标记可为大豆分子标记辅助育种提供参考。     

大豆百粒重QTL的上位效应和基因型×环境互作效应分析

本研究中基于Charleston×东农594重组自交系群体,采用完备区间作图和混合线性模型对2006-2010年连续5年的百粒重QTL进行定位,并进行基因×环境互作及上位性分析。本研究定位了16个与大豆百粒重性状相关的QTL,其中有5个QTL分别与环境发生互作,互作贡献率在0.11%~0.52%之间;定位了8对上位互作位点,贡献率在1.15%~2.59%之间。     

Mapping QTLs for milling yield and grain characteristics in a tropical japonica long grain cross

Percent milling yield is an economically important trait of commercial rice because it largely determines the price that farmers receive for their crop. Analyzing 22 trait variables including milling yield, grain dimensions, chemistry and appearance, we identified 43 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a long grain japonica by long grain japonica cross. We report one QTL explaining 20% of the variation in brown rice recovery; two QTLs explaining 14% and 13% of the variation in milled rice recovery; and one QTL explaining 14% of the variation in head rice (HR) recovery. QTLs for the proportion of pre-broken brown rice kernels, seed density, amylose content, and kernel whiteness and chalkiness were found in the same region as the HR QTL. QTLs explaining up to 54% of the variation in grain shape measurements were identified and mapped to areas independent from those identified for milling yield. Analyses of grain appearance traits identified two QTLs for chalk in brown rice and one in head rice, and a QTL explaining up to 33% of the variance in green kernel area. Our results confirm previous findings on the multigenically complex nature of milling yield.     

盐胁迫下水稻苗期Na+含量的QTL定位

利用来自籼稻品种H359和Acc 8558的一个重组自交系群体（131个株系）及相应的遗传图谱（包含147个RFLP和79个SSR标记）,以150 mmol/L的NaCl处理后的幼苗地上部Na+含量为指标,采用复合区间定位方法,对水稻耐盐性QTL进行了定位。共检测到13个QTL,分别位于第1、2、5、6、7和12染色体上,对表型变异的总贡献率达到60.88%,其中,qSC1b的效应最大,可解释约45%的表型变异。通过比较表明,许多前人报道的与水稻盐胁迫有关的QTL/基因与本研究检测到的QTL的位置相同或相近。     

籼稻C84和粳稻春江16B重组自交系遗传图谱构建及籽粒性状QTL定位与验证

【目的】本研究旨在挖掘水稻粒型新基因、探索其分子机理,解析籽粒发育调控遗传网络奠定基础,并为通过分子标记聚合有利基因开展超级稻分子设计育种提供理论依据。【方法】以植株和籽粒形态差异较大的晚粳稻品种春江16B(CJ16B）和广亲和中籼稻背景恢复系C84为亲本构建含有188个家系的重组自交系为作图群体,利用158对在双亲中存在多态性差异的分子标记,构建了遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1428.40cM,平均标记间距为9.04cM。在构建遗传图谱的基础上,完成RIL188个株系籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重等5个性状考查并进行QTL定位。【结果】在海南陵水和浙江杭州两地共检测到籽粒相关主效QTL30个,包括籽粒QTL新座位18个,解释遗传变异3.51%~17.25%。其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比QTL位点分别为9个、5个、5个和6个,千粒重QTL位点5个。经基因座位比对,发现有5个QTL区间与已克隆的调控籽粒形态相关基因座位相近,我们通过对双亲目标基因的测序并根据差异位点设计dCAPs分子标记进行验证。【结论】该RIL群体及其遗传图谱可用于水稻重要农艺性状主效QTL基因的定位和克隆,新定位的18个粒型QTL可以为水稻籽粒发育调控网络提供补充和资料积累。     

Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Mature Seed Culturability in Indica Rice

Genetic segregation analysis for mature seed culturability was conducted using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of indica rice, Yangdao 6 and Pei'ai 64s. Three indices of seed culturability, the frequency of callus induction, the frequency of brown callus and the increase of callus weight were investigated. A combined genetic map constructed with simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tag site (STS), cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covered a total distance of 1 732.5 cM, averaging approximately 12 cM between two neighboring loci. Three QTLs on chromosomes 7, 7 and 10 were detected for the frequency of callus induction; three QTLs on chromosomes 6, 7 and 9 were detected for the frequency of brown callus; and two QTLs on chromosomes 5 and 7 were detected for the increase of callus weight. Common QTLs mapped at the interval flanking RM5481 and RM6835 on chromosome 7 were identified to be involved in the frequency of callus induction and the frequency of brown callus, explaining 7.29% and 12.52% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A total of 14 epistatic effects were detected for the three indices of mature seed culturability.     

QTL Analysis for Traits Associated with Feeding Value of Straw in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Genetic improvement of the digestibility of rice strew for increasing the utilization of the whole rice plant as feedstuffs is an important way to solve the feedstuffs shortage in southeastem China. To elucidate the genetic basis of the traits affecting the digestibility of rice straw, a rice population of 111 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of Nekken 2xGaya was used to map the quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for in vitro dry matter digestion (IVDMD), the percentages of nonstructurel carbohydrate (NSC) and acid detergent fiber (exclusive of residual ash, ADFom) in 2005 and 2006. IVDMD was positively correlated with NSC, and negatively correlated with ADFom. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in the two years, and the amounts of variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 6.9% to 15.5%. Some QTLs for IVDMD and ADFom on chromosome 2 were detected in the two years. On chromosome 2, the interval RM475-RM3515 contained QTLs for IVDMD in the two years and for NSC in 2006 only, while the interval RM3874-RM5305 influenced ADFom in the two years and NSC in 2005 only. At those loci, Gaya contributed favorable alleles to IVDMD and NSC, while Nekken 2 contributed positive alleles to ADFom.     

东乡野生稻苗期抗寒性QTL的初步定位

以9311/东乡野生稻F2群体为材料,用108对SSR标记构建连锁图谱,以苗期分蘖叶片相对电导率为抗寒性鉴定指标,采用完备区间作图法检测抗寒性QTL.结果在第3号和11号染色体上定位到2个与抗寒性相关的QTL qSCR3和qSCR11,其表型贡献率分别为16.3％和19.2％.     

Identification of QTLs for Rice Cold Tolerance at Plumule and 3-Leaf-Seedling Stages by Using QTLNetwork Software

A doubled haploid(DH)population consisted of 120 lines,derived from a cross between an indica variety,TN1, and a japonica variety,Chunjiang 06,was used to identify QTLs controlling rice cold tolerance at the plumule and 3-leaf-seedling stages by using the QTLNetwork software.The percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 7 d, 9 d,11 d,and 14 d,as well as the cold stress tolerance index(CSTI)and the withering index(WI)of rice seedling were investigated.A total of five single-effect QTLs,each for percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 9 d,11 d and 14 d,and CSTI and WI,respectively were identified.The QTLs for the percentages of normal plumules after low temperature treatments for 9 d,11 d and 14 d were on chromosomes 4,2 and 11,accounting for 14.1%,17.3%and 21.5%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.QTLs for CSTI and WI were on chromosomes 10 and 1,respectively.Two pairs of epistatic loci were identified,but none of the epistatic loci involved the single-effect QTLs.The RM528-RM340 interval on chromosome 6 interacted with the RM278-RM3919B interval on chromosome 9 for CSTI,and the epistatic interaction accounted for 17.7%of the phenotypic variation.A pair of epistatic loci was identified for WI,the RM246-RM5461 interval on chromosome 1 interacted with the ISA-RM447 interval on chromosome 8,which accounted for 22.6%of the phenotypic variation.     

Genetic Dissection of Low Phosphorus Tolerance Related Traits Using Selected Introgression Lines in Rice

To dissect the genetic basis of low phosphorus tolerance(LPT), 114 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs) were developed from Shuhui 527 and Minghui 86(recurrent parents), and Yetuozai(donor parent). The progenies were tested for 11 quantitative traits under three treatments including normal fertilization in normal soil(as control), normal fertilization in barren soil and low phosphorus stress in barren soil in Langfang, Hebei Province, China. Moreover, the ILs were investigated at the seedling stage using nutrient solution culture method in greenhouse in Beijing, China. A total of 49 main-effect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underlying yield related traits were identified in Langfang, and their contributions to phenotypic variations ranged from 6.7% to 16.5%. Among them, 25(51.0%) QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. A total of 48 main-effect QTLs were identified for LPT-related traits in Beijing, and their contributions to phenotypic variations ranged from 7.7% to 16.6%. Among them, 21(43.8%) QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. About 79.6% of the QTLs can be detected repeatedly under two or more treatments, especially QTLs associated with spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight, displaying consistent phenotypic effects. Among all the detected QTLs, eight QTLs were simultaneously identified under low phosphorus stress across two environments. These results can provide useful information for the genetic dissection of LPT in rice.     

利用回交重组自交系定位稻米赖氨酸含量的基因座位

利用日本晴（粳稻）/Kasalath（籼稻）//日本晴组合衍生的98个回交重组自交系（BILs）株系和具有245个RFLP标记的遗传图谱,在浙江和海南2个环境条件下,开展了精米赖氨酸含量的QTL定位。精米赖氨酸含量在浙江和海南均表现连续变异和超亲分离。在第6染色体发现2个具有显著遗传主效应的QTL(qLYS6 1和qLYS6 2）,表型贡献率分别为2708%和4756%。qLYS6 1 还具有显著的环境互作效应。qLYS6 1的增效基因来自Kasalath,而qLYS6 2的增效基因来自日本晴。未检测到显著的上位性效应。     

水稻生育后期剑叶形态和生理特性的QTL定位

为了探讨水稻生育后期功能叶尤其是剑叶的形态性状及生理特性对水稻高产的影响,利用来源于籼稻珍汕97/HR5后代的重组自交系群体,对水稻生长后期剑叶形态（长、宽、长宽比）、剑叶代谢产物（鲜质量、干质量、含水量）和剑叶叶绿素含量（叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量）进行了考查分析和QTL定位。共检测到26个QTL,单个QTL的表型贡献率为4.77%~31.67%。其中控制剑叶形态的QTL主要位于第1和第4染色体,控制剑叶代谢产物的QTL主要位于第3、7和10染色体,控制剑叶叶绿素含量的QTL主要位于第3、4和9染色体上。其中位于第9染色体上的QTL,在后期功能型超级稻育种上具有一定的应用价值。