高原地区多年生与一年生禾本科牧草混播效果

在高原地区退耕还草示范种植中,利用牧区广泛种植的一年生禾本科牧草燕麦Avena sativa与进口的多年生禾本科牧草细茎冰草Efymus trachycaulum混播。结果表明：燕麦和细茎冰草混播既能克服单一种植多年生禾本科牧草时的杂草危害问题,也能使退耕当年就获得较好的经济效益,解决了种植当年的收成问题,使项目建设的效益及早得到体现。第1年燕麦开花期鲜草产量为2.49 kg/m2, 细茎冰草第2年能够良好生长,第2年细茎冰草开花期鲜草产量为1.48 kg/m2,生长后期鲜草产量为1.76 kg/m2。     

昆明优质本土乳酸菌的筛选及其对全株玉米青贮品质的影响

为筛选出适用昆明地区全株玉米青贮发酵的优质乳酸菌菌株,探求其青贮效果,本研究以自然发酵60 d的全株玉米(Zea mays)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)为试验材料,将继代培养、菌株分离和形态及基因序列鉴定等方式筛选的3株优质菌株制成菌液,单独或2种菌液按1∶1配比添加到全株玉米中,检测其对全株玉米发酵品质、营养品质及有氧稳定性的提升效果。结果表明：短乳杆菌B10、植物乳杆菌B16及戊糖片球菌C23是昆明地区3种青贮饲料中的优质本土乳酸菌;与自然发酵相比,同型发酵乳酸菌B16,C23单独添加或与异型发酵乳酸菌B10配合添加可显著提高青贮饲料中乳酸菌的数量(P<0.05);与商用复合乳酸菌相比,优质本土乳酸菌单一菌液或复合菌液的添加可更好的保存青贮饲料的DM及CP含量,但对青贮饲料有氧稳定性的提升效果相对较差。因此,添加本土优质乳酸菌可改善全株玉米青贮品质。     

添加糖蜜、乳酸菌制剂对籽粒苋与稻秸混合青贮品质的影响

为探讨添加糖蜜、乳酸菌对籽粒苋（Amaranthus hypochondriacus）与稻秸混合青贮品质的影响,以新鲜全株籽粒苋和稻秸为青贮原料,按3：2质量比充分混匀,分别添加糖蜜（M）、乳酸菌制剂（LAB）、乳酸菌+糖蜜（LAB+M）,未添加为对照组（CK）;青贮1,3,5,7,30 d后开包取样,测定发酵品质、营养品质及开包后的有氧稳定性。结果表明,籽粒苋与稻秸混合青贮感官评价优,pH值、氨态氮/总氮等指标达到优质青贮标准;添加糖蜜、乳酸菌及乳酸菌+糖蜜可显著降低pH值和乙酸含量（P<0.05）,减少干物质损失,并显著增加乳酸和粗蛋白的含量（P<0.05）;与单一乳酸菌处理组相比,添加糖蜜及乳酸菌+糖蜜显著增加了青贮后的可溶性碳水化合物、粗蛋白质和乳酸含量（P<0.05）,显著降低了pH值、中性洗涤纤维和乙酸含量（P<0.05）。综上所述,单独添加糖蜜或乳酸菌均可一定程度上改善青贮品质及有氧稳定性。     

增产菌不同拌种量对燕麦几个经济性状的影响

用增产菌不同量进行拌种,结果表明,增产菌对燕麦分蘖数影响显著(P<0.05),对燕麦植株高度、茎叶比、鲜草产量影响极显著(P<0.01),最佳拌种量为300g/hm2。     

中药有效成分对细菌溶血素的抑制作用

在防制细菌性疾病方面,抗菌药物起着非常重要的作用,但是随着抗菌药物在临床上的广泛应用,细菌的耐药问题日益突出,给临床治疗带来极大困难。近年来,以中药抑制细菌毒力因子控制细菌感染的治疗策略已引起国内外学者的广泛关注。细菌溶血素是细菌产生的主要毒力因子之一,随着研究的不断深入,开发溶血素抑制剂成为解决细菌感染问题的关键。现针对中药对细菌溶血素的抑制作用进行综述,以期为临床治疗细菌性疾病提供理论依据。     

Review on the Prohibitive Effect of Gradients in Chinese Traditional Herbs on Hemolysin in Bacteria

Antimicrobial agents play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the widely clinical use of antibiotics makes the bacteria antibiotic-resistance problem much more severe, which could increase the difficulty of clinical treatment. Recently, the method of using traditional Chinese herbs to control bacterial infection by suppressing the bacterial virulence factors has got researchers'attention around the world. Hemolysin is one of the crucial virulence factors in many kinds of bacteria, therefore hemolysin is an ideal target to combat the infection caused by bacteria. The suppressing effect of Chinese herbs to the hemolysin is synthesized and reviewed here to lay theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of bacterial diseases.     

营养菌剂对枯草期和青草期绵羊的增重试验

用自制的营养菌剂在枯草期和青草期对青海省湖东种羊场的种羊和土种羊分别进行灌服试验，１５ｄ灌服１次，枯草期灌服８次，青草期灌服７次，每次每只羊５ｍｌ，结果表明，在枯草期，种羊试验组平均增重４．０３ｋｇ，对照组增重３．１４ｋｇ，土种羊试验组平均增重０．０１ｋｇ，对照组增重－１．２１ｋｇ；在青草期，种羊试验组平均增重４．１５ｋｇ，对照组增重３．４０ｋｇ，土种羊试验组平均增重１．７２ｋｇ，对照组增重１．３     

芽孢杆菌对鸡生长性能和盲肠细菌群落的影响

采用饲养试验和微生物平板分析法,观察不同芽孢杆菌对尼克珊瑚粉蛋用公雏生产性能和盲肠微生物菌群的影响。试验结果表明,8株芽孢杆菌中有2株对尼克珊蛋用公雏日增重有极显著促进作用（P＜0.01）,且芽孢杆菌促生长作用具有时间累积效应。盲肠微生物区系分析试验结果表明,食用供试芽孢杆菌的试验鸡盲肠内容物中的微生物主要种群的数量和对照组相比发生很大改变,其中乳酸菌群和好氧菌群的数量较对照组分别减少1或2个数量级。因此,通过生产性能筛选出2〖JP2〗株具有显著促生长效果的芽孢杆菌,且芽孢杆菌对生产性能的影响具有时间累积性,芽孢杆菌对鸡盲肠微生物菌群有显著影响。     

中草药提取物对水生动物常见病原菌的体外抑菌试验

采用两倍试管稀释法测定了中药提取物对水生动物常见病原菌的体外抑菌效果,试验结果表明,大黄、黄芩和板蓝根提取物对水生动物常见病原菌有较强的抑菌效果,五倍子的抑菌作用较弱。采用水煮、醇提和微波法得到的大黄、黄芩和板蓝根提取物较散剂的抑菌效果明显,但黄莲经水煮、醇提和微波提取后药效降低,五倍子的药效受提取方法影响较小。     

野生型桑树内生细菌的多样性分析及ME0717菌株的抑菌活性测定

从多年生野生鲁桑的枝条中分离出190株内生细菌,并分析其多样性指数(H)、丰度(D)、均匀度(J),发现在不同发育时间的桑树枝条中,内生细菌的种类、数量和多样性指数明显不同,枝条发育时间越长,越不利于内生菌的生长,而1年生枝条最有利于内生细菌的生长。分离得到1株优势内生细菌,命名为ME0717。经培养性状观察、形态鉴定、染色反应等生化特性测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定ME0717为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。ME0717菌体和发酵液对桑炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum morifolium Hara.)、桑漆斑病菌(Myrothecium roridum Todeet Fr.)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,随着培养时间的延长,菌株的发酵液对两种病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用增强。     

大米草中耐盐乳酸菌的分离鉴定及对大米草青贮品质的影响

本试验旨在研究大米草（Spartina anglica Hubb.）中耐盐乳酸菌的分离鉴定及对大米草青贮品质的影响,以期为大米草青贮利用提供技术支持和理论依据。试验采用传统培养法筛选出耐盐浓度为10%的乳酸菌菌株,通过生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析法综合鉴定筛选的菌株,并将其添加到大米草原料中进行青贮效果观察。结果表明：分离获得的42株乳酸菌菌株,耐盐溶度最高为10%的4株乳酸菌均为同型发酵的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,命名为C1、C2、C3和C4。4株乳酸菌均能提高大米草的青贮发酵品质,其中C4显著提高青贮料的可溶性碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量（P<0.05）,显著降低青贮料的氨态氮含量（P<0.05）;另外,C4处理组的干物质含量和乳酸含量显著高于其他3个菌株处理组（P<0.05）,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和丁酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于其他3个菌株处理组,青贮效果最佳。     

Effect of presence or absence of antibiotics and use of modified single layer centrifugation on bacteria in pony stallion semen

Bacteria contaminate semen during collection and handling. The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria in pony stallion semen, the effects of antibiotics included in commercial semen extenders (lincomycin and spectinomycin) and the effect of modified single layer centrifugation (MSLC), on bacterial load. Ejaculates from six pony stallions, 3 ejaculates per animal, were extended in EquiPlus extender either with or without antibiotics. Aliquots were processed by MSLC to form four treatment groups: control and MSLC with antibiotics (CA and SA, respectively) and control and MSLC without antibiotics (CW and SW, respectively). Bacteriological examinations were carried out within 2 hr. Thirty‐one species of bacteria were isolated from one or more ejaculates, with Corynebacterium spp. being the most frequently detected. Corynebacterium spp. were present in all ejaculates. The MSLC resulted in a significantly lower total bacterial count than controls (CA vs. SA, p < 0.001; CW vs. SW, p < 0.0001).     

Effect of cellooligosaccharide or synbiotic feeding on growth performance,fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves

We investigated the effect of cellooligosaccharide (CE) or a combination of dextran and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei strain JCM1134^T (synbiotic; SB) feeding on growth performance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves. Fifty‐two female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: CE feeding group (n = 16), SB feeding group (n = 18), and control group (n = 18). Body weight at 90 days of age, as well as daily body weight gain (DG) and feed efficiency after weaning to 90 days of age were greater (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group. The total fecal score tended to be lower (P < 0.1) in the SB feeding group than in the control group. Plasma insulin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group at 90 days of age. Our results indicate that CE feeding improved DG and feed efficiency in calves. On the other hand, there was less effect on growth performance and fecal Escherichia coli counts in calves fed SB.     

3种荒漠珍稀植物根际促生菌的筛选、鉴定及对高粱幼苗生长的影响

为获得优良植物根际促生菌,本研究从荒漠珍稀植物根际土中分离筛选促生菌,结合16S rDNA基因序列、生理生化特征对其进行鉴定,并通过发芽和盆栽试验分析其促生效果。结果显示：土壤全氮、有效钾、有机质含量较少,呈弱碱性;分离得到5株可固氮、溶磷、产蛋白酶的菌株BN5,HN7,BP4,HD3及SD5,其分别隶属于鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas sp.）、根癌农杆菌属（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter sp.）、磷酸镰孢菌属（Fictibacillus phosphorivorans）及单纯芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus simplex）;5株菌对高粱（Sorghum bicolor）幼苗均表现出促生作用,效果最明显的为菌株BP4,其处理的高粱幼苗发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、株高及鲜重较对照组分别增加了55.30%,23.16%,54.52%,40.24%,22.59%,26.67%。本研究结果可为今后荒漠优良菌种资源库的建设提供理论依据。