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1.
K. Borgeat K. Sherwood J.R. Payne V. Luis Fuentes D.J. Connolly 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1731-1737
Background
The use of cardiac biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of occult and symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been established. There is limited data describing their prognostic utility in cats with HCM.Hypothesis
Circulating concentrations of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) predict cardiac death in cats with HCM.Animals
Forty‐one cats diagnosed with HCM at a veterinary teaching hospital, between February 2010 and May 2011.Methods
Prospective investigational study. Plasma samples were collected from cats diagnosed with HCM and concentrations of NTproBNP and cTnI were analyzed at a commercial laboratory. Echocardiographic measurements from the day of blood sampling were recorded. Long‐term outcome data were obtained. Associations with time to cardiac death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results
When controlling for the presence/absence of heart failure and echocardiographic measures of left atrial size and function, cTnI > 0.7 ng/mL was independently associated with time to cardiac death. In univariable analysis, NTproBNP > 250 pmol/L was associated with cardiac death (P = .023), but this did not remain significant (P = .951) when controlling for the effect of clinical signs or left atrial size/function.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma concentration of cTnI (cutoff >0.7 ng/mL) is a predictor of cardiac death in cats with HCM that is independent of the presence of heart failure or left atrial dilatation. 相似文献2.
J. Paek J.‐H. Kang H.‐S. Kim I. Lee K.W. Seo M.‐P. Yang 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1760-1769
Background
Limited information is available about the role of adipokines in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs.Objectives
To determine whether the circulating concentrations of adipokines differed between healthy dogs and dogs with AP, and whether the circulating concentrations differed between AP survivors and AP nonsurvivors.Animals
Twenty‐eight healthy dogs and 25 client‐owned dogs with AP.Methods
Prospective observational cohort study of 25 client‐owned dogs with newly diagnosed AP and 28 otherwise healthy dogs with similar body condition scores. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured.Results
The serum concentrations of leptin (P = .0021), resistin (P = .0010), visfatin (P < .0001), IL‐1β (P < .0001), IL‐6 (P = .0002), IL‐10 (P < .0001), and IL‐18 (P < .0001) were significantly higher in dogs with AP than healthy dogs, whereas the adiponectin concentration (P = .0011) was significantly lower. There were significant differences in the serum concentrations of leptin (P = .028) and adiponectin (P = .046) in survivors and nonsurvivors. After the disappearance of clinical signs, the concentrations of resistin (P = .037) and IL‐1β (P = .027) decreased significantly, whereas the serum concentrations of leptin (P > .999), adiponectin (P = .11), visfatin (P = .83), IL‐6 (P = .82), IL‐10 (P = .82), IL‐18 (P = .56), and TNF‐α (P = .94) did not differ significantly.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
This study showed that dysregulation of adipokines might be involved in the pathogenesis of AP. In addition, leptin and adiponectin are likely to be associated with mortality rate in AP. 相似文献3.
K.A. Blass K.E. Schober X. Li B.A. Scansen J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):838-846
Background
Ivabradine is a negative chronotropic drug with minimal effects on central hemodynamics. Its effect on dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Ivabradine reduces dynamic obstruction of the LVOT in cats with HCM.Animals
Twenty‐eight client‐owned cats with preclinical HCM and dynamic LVOT obstruction.Methods
Randomized, double‐blind, active‐control single dose study. Cats received a single dose of either ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg PO) or atenolol (2 mg/kg PO). Heart rate, echocardiographic variables, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded before and 3 hours after drug administration. Statistical comparisons were made using ANCOVA.Results
Peak velocity in the LVOT was significantly decreased compared to baseline for both drugs; however, the effect was more prominent with atenolol (mean reduction 2.53 m/s; 95% CI 2.07–3.13 m/s) compared to ivabradine (mean reduction 0.32 m/s; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.71 m/s; P < .0001). Echocardiographic indices of systolic function were largely unchanged by ivabradine, but significantly reduced by atenolol.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
A single dose of ivabradine decreases dynamic LVOT obstruction in cats with HCM, but the clinical effect is negligible and inferior compared to that achieved by atenolol. 相似文献4.
R. Langhorn I. Tarnow J.L. Willesen M. Kjelgaard‐Hansen I.M. Skovgaard J. Koch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1485-1491
Background
Myocardial injury detected by cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnT) in cardiac disease is associated with increased risk of death in humans and dogs.Hypothesis
Presence of myocardial injury predicts long‐term death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and ongoing myocardial injury reflects change in left ventricular wall thickness over time.Animals
Thirty‐six cats with primary HCM.Methods
Prospective cohort study. Cats with HCM were included consecutively and examined every 6 months. Echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure, and serum cTnI and cTnT were evaluated at each visit. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic potential of serum troponin concentrations at admission and subsequent examinations. Correlations were used to examine associations between troponin concentrations and cardiac hypertrophy.Results
Troponin concentrations at admission were median [range] 0.14 [0.004–1.02] ng/mL for cTnI, and 13 [13–79.5] ng/L for cTnT. Both were prognostic for death (P = .032 and .026) as were the last available concentrations of each (P = .016 and .003). The final cTnT concentration was a significant predictor of death even when adjusting for the admission concentration (P = .043). In a model containing both markers, only cTnT remained significant (P = .043). Left ventricular free wall thickness at end‐diastole (LVFWd) at admission was correlated with cTnI at admission (r = 0.35, P = .035), however no significant correlations (r = 0.2–0.31, P = .074–.26) were found between changes in troponin concentrations and left ventricular thickness over time.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Myocardial injury is part of the pathophysiology leading to disease progression and death. Low sensitivities and specificities prevent outcome prediction in individual cats. 相似文献5.
F. Tablin T. Schumacher M. Pombo C.T. Marion K. Huang J.W. Norris K.E. Jandrey M.D. Kittleson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):411-418
Background
Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk for development of systemic thromboembolic disease. However, the relationship between platelet activation state and cardiovascular parameters associated with HCM is not well described.Objectives
To characterize platelet activation by flow cytometric evaluation of platelet P‐selectin and semiquantitative Western blot analysis of soluble platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sPECAM‐1).Animals
Eight normal healthy cats (controls) owned by staff and students of the School of Veterinary Medicine and 36 cats from the UC Davis Feline HCM Research Laboratory were studied.Methods
Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was used for all flow cytometry studies. Platelet surface CD41 and P‐selectin expression were evaluated before and after ADP stimulation. sPECAM‐1 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis of platelet‐poor plasma that had been stabilized with aprotinin. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed.Results
Resting platelets from cats with severe HCM had increased P‐selectin expression compared to controls, and expressed higher surface density of P‐selectin reflected by their increased mean fluorescence intensities (MFI). Stimulation with ADP also resulted in significantly increased P‐selectin MFI of platelets from cats with severe HCM. Increased P‐selectin expression and MFI correlated with the presence of a heart murmur and end‐systolic cavity obliteration (ESCO). sPECAM‐1 expression from cats with moderate and severe HCM was significantly increased above those of control cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
P‐selectin and sPECAM expression may be useful biomarkers indicating increased platelet activation in cats with HCM. 相似文献6.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle H.S. Kooistra G. Rutteman L. Duchateau I. Polis S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):564-570
Background
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.Animals
74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).Results
Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC. 相似文献7.
F.R. Bertin J.M. Squires J.E. Kritchevsky S.D. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):368-374
Background
Information pertaining to clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal New World camelids (NWC) is limited when compared to calves and foals.Hypothesis
Values of variables at admission and subsequent treatment would predict survival in sick neonatal NWC.Animals
Fifty‐six client‐owned sick neonatal NWC presented over a 10‐year period to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Methods
A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria were NWC less than 30 days of age with complete medical records that presented between 2000 and 2010.Results
The median age at presentation was 1 day (range 1–20). The most common diagnoses were systemic inflammatory response syndrome (50%), congenital defects (41%), ophthalmic lesions (21%), sepsis (16%), and gastrointestinal diseases (16%). Sixty‐six percent of NWC survived to discharge. Clinicopathologic findings on admission were variable and not specific for disorders. Factors associated with survival were absence of choanal atresia (P = .001, OR: 55.9 [2.5–1,232]), administration of llama plasma (P = .013, OR: 4.9 [1.4–17.7]), and antimicrobial treatment with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS) (P = .016, OR: 6.5 [1.3–32.2]).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The use of antibiotics, particularly TMS, and llama plasma are recommended in sick neonatal NWC. Results from this study could contribute toward defining a NWC‐specific sepsis scoring system. 相似文献8.
C. Damoiseaux A.‐C. Merveille E. Krafft A.M. Da Costa S. Gomart P. Jespers C. Michaux C. Clercx C. Verhoeven K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1738-1745
Background
In humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Animals
One hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.Methods
We prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.Results
An analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Age and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome. 相似文献9.
T.A. Burns M.R. Watts P.S. Weber L.J. McCutcheon R.J. Geor J.K. Belknap 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1280-1288
Background
In EMS‐associated laminitis, laminar failure may occur in response to energy failure related to insulin resistance (IR) or to the effect of hyperinsulinemia on laminar tissue. 5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a marker of tissue energy deprivation, which may occur in IR.Hypothesis/Objectives
To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to a dietary carbohydrate (CHO) challenge.Animals
Twenty‐two mixed‐breed ponies.Methods
Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for total AMPK and phospho(P)‐AMPK and RT‐qPCR for AMPK‐responsive genes were performed on laminar, liver, and skeletal muscle samples collected after a 7‐day feeding protocol in which ponies stratified on body condition score (BCS; obese or lean) were fed either a low‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 7% DM; n = 5 obese, 5 lean) or a high‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 42% DM; n = 6 obese, 6 lean).Results
5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was immunolocalized to laminar keratinocytes, dermal constituents, and hepatocytes. A high‐CHO diet resulted in significantly decreased laminar [P‐AMPK] in lean ponies (P = .03), but no changes in skeletal muscle (lean, P = .33; obese, P = .43) or liver (lean, P = .84; obese, P = .13) [P‐AMPK]. An inverse correlation existed between [blood glucose] and laminar [P‐AMPK] in obese ponies on a high‐CHO diet.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Laminar tissue exhibited a normal response to a high‐CHO diet (decreased [P‐AMPK]), whereas this response was not observed in liver and skeletal muscle in both lean (skeletal muscle, P = .33; liver, P = .84) and obese (skeletal muscle, P = .43; liver, P = .13) ponies. 相似文献10.
Y. Merbl A. Sommer O. Chai I. Aroch G. Zimmerman A. Friedman H. Soreq M.H. Shamir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1775-1781
Background
Idiopathic and acquired epilepsy are common in dogs. Up to 30% of these dogs are refractory to pharmacological treatment. Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that brain immune response and presence of inflammatory mediators decrease the threshold for individual seizures and contribute to epileptogenesis.Hypothesis
Dogs with seizures have higher cerebrospinal interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations compared to dogs with no seizures.Methods
A prospective double blinded study; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum IL‐6, TNF‐α and total protein (TP) concentrations were measured by a blinded investigator for the study group and CSF IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels and TP concentrations were measured in the control group (CG).Animals
Dogs presented with seizures that had enough CSF collected to allow analysis were included in the study group. Twelve apparently healthy, quarantined, stray dogs served as control (CG).Results
Cerebrospinal fluid TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (P = .011, P = .039) in dogs with seizures (0 ± 70.66, 0.65 ± 10.93 pg/mL) compared to the CG (0 ± 19, 0.73 ± 0.55 pg/mL). When assessing cytokine concentrations of specifically the idiopathic epilepsy (IE) dogs compared to the CG, only TNF‐α concentrations (8.66 ± 62, 0 ± 19 pg/mL) were significantly higher (P = .01). CSF TP concentrations were not significantly higher in the study dogs compared to the CG.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Higher TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentration in the CSF of dogs with naturally occurring seizures. The higher supports the hypothesis that inflammatory processes through certain mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of seizures in dogs. 相似文献11.
J. Armstrong R.C. da Costa P. Martin‐Vaquero 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1799-1804
Background
Great Danes (GDs) with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) have osteoarthritis (OA) of the cervical vertebrae. OA is often associated with increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in people and dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare the trabecular BMD of the cervical vertebrae between clinically normal (control) GDs and GDs with osseous‐associated CSM by using computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the vertebral trabecular BMD of CSM‐affected GDs would be higher than that of control GDs.Animals
Client‐owned GDs: 12 controls, 10 CSM affected.Methods
Prospective study. CT of the cervical vertebral column was obtained alongside a calibration phantom. By placing a circular region of interest at the articular process joints, vertebral body, pedicles, and within each rod of the calibration phantom, trabecular BMD was measured in Hounsfield units, which were converted to diphosphate equivalent densities. Trabecular BMD measurements were compared between CSM‐affected and control dogs, and between males and females within the control group.Results
Differences between CSM‐affected and control dogs were not significant for the articular processes (mean = −39; P = .37; 95% CI: −102 to 24), vertebral bodies (mean = −62; P = .08; 95% CI: −129 to 6), or pedicles (mean = −36; P = .51; 95% CI: −105 to 33). Differences between female and male were not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study revealed no difference in BMD between control and CSM‐affected GDs. Based on our findings no association was detected between cervical OA and BMD in GDs with CSM. 相似文献12.
J.H. Rose M. Kwiatkowska E.R. Henderson N. Granger J.K. Murray T.R. Harcourt‐Brown 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1199-1202
Background
Steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) is an inflammatory disease of dogs that is suspected to be immune‐mediated. The development of other immune‐mediated diseases has been linked to vaccinations, time of the year, geographic location, sex, neuter status, and breed.Hypothesis/Objectives
To identify if the development of SRMA is associated with time of year, vaccination, geographic location, sex, neuter status, and breed.Animals
Sixty SRMA cases and 180 controls, all ≤24 months of age and matched for year of presentation, from a referral hospital population in the United Kingdom.Methods
Retrospective case‐control study with unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results
Beagles (P = .001), Border Collies (P = .001), Boxers (P = .032), Jack Russell Terriers (P = .001), Weimaraners (P = .048), and Whippets (P < .001) had significantly greater odds of developing SRMA in this population of dogs. Vaccination, time of year, geographic category, sex, and neuter status did not increase the odds of developing SRMA.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Only breed increased the odds of developing SRMA. It would be prudent to investigate the genetics of the identified breeds to help elucidate the etiopathogenesis of SRMA. 相似文献13.
B.A. Scansen J. Vitt D.J. Chew K.E. Schober J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):277-283
Background
The prevalence of systemic hypertension (SHT) in Shetland Sheepdogs has not been reported.Hypothesis/Objectives
SHT is common in Shetland Sheepdogs and positively correlated with proteinuria. Measurements of forelimb and hindlimb systolic arterial pressure (SAP) are comparable.Animals
Seventy‐two clinically healthy, client‐owned Shetland Sheepdogs.Methods
Forelimb and hindlimb SAP were recorded by Doppler ultrasonography. Proteinuria was quantified by urine dipstick, microalbuminuria, and protein:creatinine ratio (UPC). The relationship of UPC, anxiety, age, weight, and heart rate with forelimb SAP was evaluated.Results
The mean forelimb and hindlimb SAP were 132 ± 20 and 118 ± 20 mmHg, respectively. The SAP exceeded 160 mmHg in 9 dogs, suggesting 13% prevalence of SHT. Four dogs had a UPC above 0.5; 2 of these had forelimb SAP exceeding 160 mmHg. Correlation of forelimb and hindlimb SAP was poor (r 2 = 0.09; P = .011). Bland–Altman plots revealed substantial bias (−14 mmHg) between limb measurements with clinically unacceptable 95% limits of agreement (−60 to 33 mmHg). There was no correlation between forelimb SAP and UPC (P = .06) or anxiety level (P = .49). Age (P < .0001) and heart rate (P = .038) were significant predictors of forelimb SAP; weight (P = .73) was not.Conclusions
Prevalence of SHT was 13% and not correlated with proteinuria. Forelimb and hindlimb SAP were poorly correlated; therefore, trends in an individual animal should be monitored using the same measurement site. Additionally, values for Doppler SAP were determined in Shetland Sheepdogs. 相似文献14.
P. Pazzi A. Goddard A.T. Kristensen E. Dvir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):21-29
Background
Canine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is characterized by esophageal fibro‐inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No sensitive and specific laboratory assays other than histopathology have been reported to differentiate non‐neoplastic from neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with spirocercosis will have evidence of hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography (TEG)‐derived maximal amplitude (MA); increased MA will be correlated with increased acute phase protein (APP) concentrations (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen); increased MA and APPs will be exacerbated with neoplastic spirocercosis.Animals
Thirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring spirocercosis and 15 sex‐matched healthy controls.Methods
A prospective comparative study evaluating TEG, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin (AT) activity, platelet count and D‐dimer concentration, and APPs of dogs with non‐neoplastic (n = 24) and neoplastic (n = 15) spirocercosis compared to control dogs.Results
Median MA was significantly increased in the non‐neoplastic group (P < .01) and neoplastic group (P < .01) compared to the controls. Both APPs were significantly increased in the neoplastic group compared to the non‐neoplastic and control groups. MA was strongly correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.85, P < .001) and CRP (r = 0.73, P < .001). An MA >76 mm provided 96% specificity and 73% sensitivity for differentiation of disease state.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine spirocercosis is associated with increased TEG variables, MA and α, and decreased AT activity, which may indicate a hypercoagulable state seemingly more severe with neoplastic transformation. MA was correlated with APP in dogs with spirocercosis and can be used as an adjunctive test to support the suspicion of neoplastic transformation. 相似文献15.
M.S. Tivers A.K. House K.C. Smith C.P.D. Wheeler‐Jones V.J. Lipscomb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1424-1432
Background
Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) have hypoplasia of the intrahepatic portal veins. Surgical CPSS attenuation results in the development of the intrahepatic portal vasculature, the precise mechanism for which is unknown, although new vessel formation by angiogenesis is suspected.Hypothesis
That the degree of portal vascular development and the increase in portal vascularization after CPSS attenuation is significantly associated with hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression and serum VEGF concentration.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with CPSS undergoing surgical treatment. Forty‐nine dogs were included in the gene expression data and 35 in the serum VEGF data.Materials and Methods
Dogs surgically treated by partial or complete CPSS attenuation were prospectively recruited. Relative gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was measured in liver biopsy samples taken at initial and follow‐up surgery using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum VEGF concentration was measured before and after CPSS attenuation using a canine specific ELISA. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level (P ≤ .05).Results
There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 after partial attenuation (P = .006). Dogs that could tolerate complete attenuation had significantly greater VEGFR2 mRNA expression than those that only tolerated partial attenuation (P = .037). Serum VEGF concentration was significantly increased at 24 (P < .001) and 48 (P = .003) hours after attenuation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These findings suggest that intrahepatic angiogenesis is likely to occur after the surgical attenuation of CPSS in dogs, and contributes to the development of the intrahepatic vasculature postoperatively. 相似文献16.
D.I. Mawby J.C. Whittemore K.A. Fecteau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1244-1250
Background
Specificity of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) assays in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is unknown.Hypothesis
Results of cPLI assays differ for clinically healthy dogs and dogs with HAC.Animals
Seventeen healthy dogs and 20 dogs with HAC diagnosed by ACTH stimulation test results without evidence of clinical pancreatitis.Methods
Dogs were enrolled between December 2009 and November 2010. Serum cPLI concentrations were determined by quantitative (Spec cPL test, SPEC) and semiquantitative (SNAP cPL test, SNAP) assays. Results were categorized as normal, equivocal, or abnormal (SPEC) or negative or positive (SNAP). Associations between group and cPLI were assessed using Fisher''s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were determined for SNAP and SPEC results. Significance was set at P < .05.Results
Spec cPL test concentrations were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with HAC (491.1 μg/L) than in healthy dogs (75.2 μg/L), with more abnormal SPEC results in HAC dogs (P < .001). There were more (P = .002) positive SNAP results in dogs with HAC (55%) than in healthy dogs (6%). SNAP and SPEC results were highly correlated (ρ = 0.85; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dogs with HAC had higher SPEC concentrations and more positive SNAP results than clinically healthy dogs with normal ACTH stimulation test results. Specificity of SPEC and SNAP assays in HAC dogs without clinical pancreatitis were 65 and 45%, respectively. Pending further study, SNAP and SPEC results should be interpreted cautiously in dogs with HAC to avoid false diagnosis of concurrent pancreatitis. 相似文献17.
R. Suzuki H. Matsumoto T. Teshima Y. Mochizuki H. Koyama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):386-392
Background
Systolic dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. However, assessment of systolic variables by conventional echocardiographic methods is difficult in these dogs because of mitral regurgitation (MR).Hypothesis
We hypothesized that assessment of systolic function by dobutamine stress may identify systolic dysfunction in dogs with MR, and that 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) could quantitatively evaluate myocardial function.Animals
Anesthetized dogs with experimentally induced MR.Methods
Dogs were examined for systolic myocardial deformations using 2D‐STE during dobutamine infusion before and 3 and 6 months after MR induction. We evaluated peak systolic rotation and rotation rate in each basal and apical view; peak systolic torsion and torsion rate were also calculated.Results
Invasive peak positive first derivatives of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were significantly decreased in dogs 6 months after induction of MR compared with pre‐MR results. After 3 and 6 months of MR, dogs had diminished peak systolic torsion values and torsion rates in response to dobutamine infusion compared with pre‐MR results (3 months, P < .001 and P = .006; 6 months, P = .003 and P = .021). These results were significantly correlated with overall invasive dp/dt (r = 0.644, P < .001; r = 0.696, P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Decreased torsion during dobutamine infusion in dogs with MR may reflect latent systolic dysfunction. Dobutamine infusion, therefore, may be useful for the assessment of systolic function in dogs with MR. 相似文献18.
A.C. Freeman S.R. Platt M. Kent E. Huguet C. Rusbridge S. Holmes 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1551-1559
Background
Although Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) have been described in many small breed dogs, the prevalence and clinical manifestations of this complex have not been documented in a large cohort of American Brussels Griffon (ABG) dogs.Objectives
To characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CM and SM in the ABG breed.Animals
Eighty‐four American Kennel Club registered ABG dogs were recruited.Methods
Prospective study. Complete histories and neurologic examinations were obtained before MRI. Images were blindly reviewed and calculations were made by using OsiriX. All analyses were performed by Student''s t‐test, Spearman''s correlation, ANOVA, and chi‐square test where appropriate.Results
Chiari‐like malformation and SM were present in 65% and 52% of dogs, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of dogs had neurologic deficits and 20% had neck pain. Mean central canal (CC) transverse height was 2.5 mm with a mean length of 3.6 cervical vertebrae. Neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a larger syrinx (P = .04, P = .08) and syrinx size increased with age (P = .027). SM was associated with a smaller craniocervical junction (CCJ) height (P = .04) and larger ventricles (P = .0001; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Syringomyelia and CM are prevalent in American Brussels Griffon dogs. Syrinx size is associated with neurologic deficits, CM, larger ventricles, a smaller craniocervical junction height, neurologic deficits, and cerebellar herniation. Fifty‐two percent of dogs with a SM were clinically normal. 相似文献19.
M.C. Hickey K. Jandrey K.S. Farrell D. Carlson‐Bremer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):319-323
Background
Renal infarcts identified without definitive association with any specific disease process.Objective
Determine diseases associated with diagnosis of renal infarcts in cats diagnosed by sonography or necropsy.Animals
600 cats underwent abdominal ultrasonography, necropsy, or both at a veterinary medical teaching hospital.Methods
Information obtained from electronic medical records. Cats classified as having renal infarct present based on results of sonographic evaluation or necropsy. Time‐matched case‐controls selected from cats that underwent the next scheduled diagnostic procedure.Results
309 of 600 cats having diagnosis of renal infarct and 291 time‐matched controls. Cats 7–14 years old were 1.6 times (odds ratio, 95% CI: 1.03–2.05, P = .03) more likely to have renal infarct than younger cats but no more likely to have renal infarct than older cats (1.4, 0.89–2.25, P = .14). All P = .14 are statistically significant. Cats with renal infarcts were 4.5 times (odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.63–7.68, P < .001) more likely to have HCM compared to cats without renal infarcts. Cats with renal infarcts were 0.7 times (odds ratio, 95% CI: 0.51–0.99, P = .046) less likely to have diagnosis of neoplasia compared to cats without renal infarcts. Cats with diagnosis of hyperthyroidism did not have significant association with having renal infarct. Cats with renal infarcts were 8 times (odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.55–25.40, P ≤ .001) more likely to have diagnosis of distal aortic thromboembolism than cats without renal infarcts.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Cats with renal infarcts identified on antemortem examination should be screened for occult cardiomyopathy. 相似文献20.
K.S. Woods A.M.N. Defarges A.C.G. Abrams‐Ogg L. Viel B.A. Brisson D. Bienzle 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1398-1404