氟噻唑吡乙酮防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂对葡萄霜霉病有很好的防治效果,有效浓度33.3~50mg/kg,用药2次,末次施药后14d对葡萄霜霉病的防效均在89%以上,明显高于250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂有效浓度166.7mg/kg处理的防效,是防治葡萄灰霉病较为理想药剂,对作物安全。     

氟噻唑吡乙酮与代森锰锌桶混对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防治效果研究

测定氟噻唑吡乙酮(杜邦增威赢绿)与代森锰锌桶混对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防治效果,试验结果表明,10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD与80%代森锰锌WP桶混对黄瓜霜霉病防效优异,于黄瓜霜霉病发生前,2次施药,10d间隔,防治效果都在99%以上,优于对照药剂68.75%氟菌·霜霉威SC、68%精甲霜·锰锌WG、60%唑醚·代森联WG和47%烯酰·唑嘧菌SC,3次施药,7d间隔的防治效果。推荐防治黄瓜霜霉病,于黄瓜霜霉病发生前,使用杜邦公司10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD 13.3ml/667m2,与80%代森锰锌WP 166.7g/667m2桶混使用,2次施药,10d间隔,可有效防治黄瓜霜霉病。     

氟噻唑吡乙酮10%可分散油悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈+磷酸溶液为流动相,使用以ZORBAX SB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在260nm波长下对氟噻唑吡乙酮10%可分散油悬浮剂进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为0.999 1,标准偏差为0.15,变异系数为1.51%,平均回收率为100.18%。     

氟噻唑吡乙酮对烟草疫霉的室内毒力及对烟草黑胫病的防效研究

烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉引起的一种土传性真菌病害, 对烟叶生产造成严重的危害。为了探究氟噻唑吡乙酮对烟草黑胫病的防治效果, 在室内离体条件下测定其对烟草疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊形成的抑制作用;并通过室内盆栽和大田试验评价氟噻唑吡乙酮对烟草黑胫病的防治效果及对烟草的安全性。结果表明, 氟噻唑吡乙酮对各个地区烟草疫霉菌丝生长和孢子囊形成的抑制效果均很好, 与其他对照药剂相比, 毒力较高, EC 50分别为0.000 5 mg/L和0.000 4 mg/L。室内盆栽试验结果表明, 10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂4 000倍液对烟草黑胫病的防效为84.33%, 2 000倍液防效则达到了96.00%, 与对照药剂相比有显著差异。田间药效试验结果表明, 10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂2 000、3 000、4 000倍液的防效分别达到了93.82%、90.18%和83.27%, 对照药剂80%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂2 500倍液和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂600倍液防效分别为77.82%和75.27%。此外, 相比于对照药剂, 氟噻唑吡乙酮在株高、有效叶片数、叶长、叶宽和光合速率方面有更好的促进作用。本研究结果表明, 氟噻唑吡乙酮能够有效防治烟草黑胫病, 并在一定程度上可以提高烟草产量和品质。     

马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺抗性监测及9种常规药剂对马铃薯晚疫病田间防效评估

为探明北方一季作区马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)对氟吡菌胺抗性发生动态,2012～2016年自河北、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等地区采集分离到马铃薯晚疫病菌520个菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法检测供试菌株对氟吡菌胺的敏感性,并以茎叶喷雾法评价9种生产上常用药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防治效果.结...     

马铃薯晚疫病的监测与防控技术

通过两年不同的栽培模式、不同品种马铃薯晚疫病的田间流行动态监测表明,病害的发生流行与田间温、湿度有关。春后随着气温的逐步回升和雨季的到来,晚疫病在3月下旬开始发病,4月下旬至5月上旬进入病害流行盛期。     

几种杀菌剂对冬种马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

试验结果表明:每亩用72%霜脲氰·锰锌SG100g+68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC75ml、72%霜脲氰·锰锌SG100g、68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC75ml和58%甲霜灵锰锌WP100g对冬种马铃薯晚疫病均有较好的防治效果,其中以每亩用72%霜脲氰·锰锌SG100g+68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐...     

几种常用杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果比较研究

试验表明50%烯酰吗啉等九种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病发病初期均有好的防效,药后7d防效均在81.5%以上。在马铃薯晚疫病初期施药,各药剂防效差异明显。第2次用药后7d,50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂、60%吡唑醚菌酯/代森联水分散粒剂、72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果在83%以上,且最后增产效果均在40%以上。而70%甲基硫茵灵可湿性粉剂等其它5种药剂的防病效果只在70%左右,增产幅度也低。各药剂对马铃薯安全,无药害表现。建议向农民首推50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂防治马铃薯晚疫病,其次是72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂和60%吡唑醚菌酯/代森联水分散粒剂。     

防控冬种马铃薯晚疫病的药剂筛选研究

冬种马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂筛选试验结果表明:防治马铃薯晚疫病的有效药剂以68.75%氟菌.霜霉威悬乳剂(银法利)防治效果最好,药后3次调查,平均防效为64.05%;70%丙森锌(安泰生)次之,平均防效为63.16%;第三是52.5%噁酮.霜脲氰水分散粒剂(抑快净),平均防效为53.44%;第四是72%霜脲氰.代森锰锌(g露),平均防效为49.13%;第五是25%双炔酰菌胺,平均防效为36.60%;58%甲霜灵锰锌效果最差,平均防效只有27.46%。     

马铃薯晚疫病的研究现状及控制策略的思考

综述了近年国内对马铃薯晚疫病的病原、发病规律、抗病育种、防治技术等的研究现状,并从疫情的监测、培育抗病品种、化学药剂的使用等方面对防控策略的研究进行了思考.     

十一种杀菌剂防治马铃薯晚疫病的适宜施用时期

为了明确当前市场上具有代表性的11种防治马铃薯晚疫病杀菌剂的适宜施用时期,采用人工接种马铃薯叶片的方法,测定了其中5种药剂在接种晚疫病菌前10 d内不同时间施用的预防效果和其中7种药剂在接种后24 h内不同时间施用的治疗效果。结果显示:在保证良好防治效果的前提下,药剂在病原菌接种前保护性施用的适宜时期比在接种后治疗性施用的适宜时期要长。在测试浓度下,接种前5种供试药剂保持100%防治效果的适宜施用时期为接种前3~10 d;而接种后7种供试药剂保持相同防效的适宜施用时期仅为接种后6~12 h,在生产实际中难以操作。研究结果说明,在田间马铃薯晚疫病的化学防治中,为了取得良好防治效果,每次用药均应在病菌侵入之前采用保护性施用,尽量避免在病菌侵入之后进行治疗性施用。     

不同药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

试验研究了68.75%氟菌.霜霉威悬浮剂、69%烯酰.锰锌可湿性粉剂、52.5%噁酮.霜脲氰水分散粒剂等8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治作用,通过差异显著性分析及灰色关联度分析得知:52.5%噁酮.霜脲氰水分散粒剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果最佳,其他依次为69%烯酰.锰锌可湿性粉剂、72%霜脲.锰锌可湿性粉剂、68.75%氟菌.霜霉威悬浮剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂、250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂、25%甲霜灵.霜脲氰可湿性粉剂、25%丁吡吗啉悬浮剂。     

热处理种薯防治马铃薯晚疫病试验

马铃薯晚疫病在张家口一带,初侵染的主要来源是,由于播种了带菌病薯。为此,我们曾试用药剂、温水、干热等方法处理种薯,消灭病菌,结果以温水处理种薯效果最好。试验材料是本地感病品种“紫山药”,感病程度严重,病斑占薯面1/3到1/2。     

马铃薯块茎晚疫病腐烂的发生与防治

在青海省,馬鈴薯晚疫病引起块茎腐烂比地上部感染远为普遍和严重。例如,1960年叶面枯死率不到1％,而块茎腐烂則达10％左右。 1963年用塑料布复盖土表,并在縫隙处噴洒1％硫酸銅的隔离試驗証明,凡是地上部与地下部隔离的各处理,地下块茎均未感染晚疫病,而未隔离的地下块茎均有不同程度的感染(表1)。这說明引起块茎腐烂的病原菌是由地上部落下,     

Exploiting host resistance to reduce the use of fungicides to control potato late blight

Field trials in 1996, 1997 and 1998 with six potato cultivars differing in levels of foliar and tuber race-nonspecific resistance to late blight were treated with 100, 50 and 33% of the recommended dose of the fungicide fluazinam at application intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days. Using a mixed inoculum of six or seven indigenous isolates of Phytophthora infestans small potato plots were inoculated via infector plants. A foliar blight model for the relationship between the effects of resistance, fungicide application and disease pressure was developed using multiple regression analysis. Cultivars with a high level of quantitative resistance offered the greatest potential for fungicide reduction. The model showed that the effect of resistance on integrated control increased exponentially with increasing cultivar resistance. Reducing fungicide input by lowering the dose resulted in less foliar disease than extending application intervals. The higher the disease pressure, the greater the risk associated with reducing fungicide input by extension of application intervals. The field resistance of cultivars to tuber blight mainly determined the frequency of tuber infection. Exploiting high foliar resistance to reduce fungicide input carried a high risk when cultivar resistance to tuber blight was low. When field resistance to tuber blight was high, a medium level of resistance in the foliage could be exploited to reduce fungicide dose to c . 50%, provided application was at the right time. At a high level of field resistance to both foliar and tuber blight, application intervals could be extended.     

防治马铃薯晚疫病药剂筛选试验

选用3种药剂配方对马铃薯晚疫病进行防治试验,结果表明:施药3次,每次间隔7d,以喷施90%硫酸铜100倍液,72.2%霜霉威AS 800倍,72%霜脲.锰锌WP 600倍液轮换使用效果最佳,防效达89.0%,增产率达50.5%。     

Toxicity of propamocarb to the late blight fungus on potato

Propamocarb (Previcur-N; propyl-[3-dimethylamino-propyl] carbamate-monohydrochloride) was testedin vivo against 32 field isolates ofPhytophthora infestans from six countries. Fungicide dosages required to achieve 90% control of the blight ranged between 676 and 1530 ppm a.i. in potted potato (cv. ‘Alpha’) plants and between 1135 and 2648 ppm in potato tuber slices. Isolates from Israel were less sensitive to the fungicide than isolates from Europe or North America. Toxicity of propamocarb was not related to resistance or sensitivity to phenylamide fungicides (e.g. metalaxyl). Nevertheless, most metalaxyl-resistant isolates from Israel were less sensitive to propamocarb than most metalaxyl-sensitive isolates from this country. Monocyclic epidemics conducted with the 20 Israeli isolates in the field showed that 1081–2012 ppm of the fungicide was required to achieve 90% control of the disease. Laboratory experiments revealed that the fungicide was poorly active against sporangial germination and had a limited curative efficacy. It exhibited a translaminar translocation in leaves but a poor acropetal or basipetal systemicity from foliage. Propamocarb + mancozeb mixtures (1:1, v/w) were synergistically effective in controlling the blight. Growers in Israel use tank mixtures of propamocarb (Dynone) and mancozeb to combat late blight in potato fields where phenylamide-resistant isolates ofP. infestans are prevalent.     

昭通市马铃薯晚疫病发生与防治技术初探

通过2003～2008年的系统监测和防治试验、示范,基本摸清了马铃薯晚疫病在昭通市发生与马铃薯品种、种植方式、气象条件等的关系。总结形成了一套综合防治技术,并推广应用1.33万hm2次,取得了显著效果。     

Integrated control of potato late blight: predicting the combined efficacy of host resistance and fungicides

Integrating cultivars that are partially resistant with reduced fungicide doses offers growers an opportunity to decrease fungicide input but still maintain disease control. To use integrated control strategies in practice requires a method to determine the combined effectiveness of particular cultivar and fungicide dose combinations. Simple models, such as additive dose models (ADM) and multiplicative survival models (MSM), have been used previously to determine the joint action of two or more pesticides. This study tests whether a model based on multiplicative survival principles can predict the joint action of fungicide doses combined with cultivars of differing partial host resistance. Data from eight field experiments on potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) were used to test the model; the severity of foliar blight was assessed and scores used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). A subset of data, derived from the most susceptible cultivar, King Edward, was used to produce dose–response curves from which parameter values were estimated, quantifying fungicide efficacy. These values, along with the untreated values for the more resistant cultivars, Cara and Sarpo Mira, were used to predict the combined efficacy of the remaining cultivar by fungicide dose combinations. Predicted efficacy was compared against observations from an independent subset of treatments from the field experiments. The analysis demonstrated that multiplicative survival principles can be applied to describe the joint efficacy of host resistance and fungicide dose combinations.