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猪肌内脂肪沉积的营养调控 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
随着生活水平的提高,人们对猪肉的消费,逐渐从对量的要求转变为对质的要求。很多研究者在致力于提高瘦肉率和生产性能,但却导致了猪肉肌内脂肪(IMF)含量大大降低,影响了猪肉品质。在不影响生产性能和增加背脂的前提下提高肌内脂肪,是改善肉品质的一个重要方面。营养调控肌内脂肪,时间短,效果明显,成为近年来的研究热点。综述营养物质对肌内脂肪含量的调控,为读者提供如何在保证瘦肉率的前提下提高猪肉肌内脂肪含量的思路。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2019,(7)
猪肉质量是一个综合性状,从生产者到消费者会给予不同的定义,但最终取决于消费者的食用体验,即肉品的柔嫩、多汁且有较佳的风味。猪肉的肌内脂肪量(intramuscular fat,IMF)属于高度遗传,是猪肉好吃的关键因素之一,由于各国消费者对健康的要求、烹调的方式及生活习惯的不同,对肌内脂肪量的要求不同,亚洲的消费者一般对含丰富大理石纹猪肉较偏爱。应用超音波仪器搭配影像分析软件活体估测猪只IMF,可调控猪只适当含量的IMF,在瘦肉率不下降与背脂厚度不提升的情况下,在维持高瘦肉率猪群选育时,以提高肌内脂肪含量,是遗传改进猪肉质量性状的育种策略。本文讨论猪肉质量性状的重要性与现代化猪只育种策略,旨在发展属于亚洲消费者喜爱的猪肉。 相似文献
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在人们日益提高的生活水平下,高品质猪肉逐渐成为消费者追求的目标。肌内脂肪的含量(IMF)是鉴别猪肉品质非常关键的参数,它能显著的改善猪肉的多汁性、嫩度和风昧等性状。怎样抑制脂肪组织中的脂肪含量增加的同时,促进肌肉组织中的脂肪含量增加,达到既能提高瘦肉率,减少脂肪含量,同时又能增加肌内脂肪含量的目标成为今后猪的育种工作重点。肌内脂肪沉积的影响因素有很多,最重要的因素是遗传因素。当前,国内外研究的热点是对控制猪IMF沉积相关基因的研究,其中的脂肪细胞定向和分化因子1(ADDI)基因直接或者间接影响着IMF的高低。ADDI基因是脂肪细胞定向和分化因子1(Adipocyto Detemination sad Differentiation factor-1),又称固醇调节元件结合蛋白(Sterol Regulatory Blement-binging Protoins-lc, SREBPI-c),作为固醇调节元件结合蛋白家族的一员,是脂肪细胞分化过程中重要的核转录因子,与SREBP-1a和SREBP-2-起调控脂肪酸和胆固醇的合成,且与脂肪分化相关的基因存在相互调控作用,是甘油三酯代谢、脂肪生成以及胰岛素敏感性之间连结的关键。众多关于猪ADD1基因的实验研究表明,ADD基因多态性与猪肌内脂肪、皮脂率和屠宰率等性状显著相关,ADDI基因很可能是影响猪肉质、胴体性状的候选基因。 相似文献
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FABP家族与肌内脂肪相关的基因遗传变异的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人们生活水平的提高,人们不再单纯要求瘦肉含量而越来越看重肉的品质.肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat,IMF)的含量影响着肉质的嫩度、风味和多汁性.Patrici等[1,2]对丹麦商品猪的肉质研究发现,肉的风味多汁性随肌内脂肪含量的增加而持续改善,提高肌内脂肪的含量会有肉质嫩度和多汁性的改进,所以提高猪肉肌内脂肪的含量具有广泛的研究前景.但是由于IMF含量在活体中的测定有一定的难度,所以利用DNA标记辅助选择(MAS)即利用生物技术手段去寻找控制IMF的基因并对其进行选育来提高IMF含量,改善肉质. 相似文献
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黄羽肉鸡IMF选择与遗传参数估计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用家系选择的方法,对黄羽肉鸡90日龄胸肌肌内脂肪含量(IMF)进行了4个世代的选择;采用动物模型(样本数N=632~1084)和MTDFREML软件对部分肉质性状进行了遗传力(h^2)和遗传相关(r)估计。试验结果表明:经过4个世代的选择,G4代比G0代IMF含量提高了17.8%(P〈0.01),变异系数由29.59%降低到21.72%。胸肌IMF含量的估计遗传力h^2=0.220,4个世代的平均实现遗传力h^2=0.322,初步说明IMF含量为中等遗传力性状,可以通过选择提高。腹脂重、腹脂率、脂带宽、皮脂厚、冠高、冠厚、90日龄体重等性状的遗传力在0.08~0.54范围内,胸肌IMF、腿肌IMF与腹脂重等性状间呈遗传正相关。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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