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INTRODUCTION Wood is far from a stable material. One of the biggest challenges for woodworking is learning to work within the constraints of wood properties. Discoloration of wood directly influences the decorative performance of wood products. Therefore, the degree of color change is a critical factor that determines the utilization area of dyed wood (Sakuragawa Satoshi, 1996). Discoloration has occurred because the wood components and dye molecules are degraded by UV-ray (Kaneko Shin… 相似文献
2.
Liva Pupure Janis Varna Roberts Joffe Fredrik Berthold Arttu Miettinen 《Wood material science & engineering》2020,15(2):76-86
ABSTRACTComposites formed from wood fibers and man-made cellulosic fibers in PLA (polylactic acid) matrix, manufactured using sheet forming technique and hot pressing, are studied. The composites have very low density (due to high porosity) and rather good elastic modulus and tensile strength. As expected, these properties for the four types of wood fiber composites studied here improve with increasing weight fraction of fibers, even if porosity is also increasing. On the contrary, for man-made cellulosic fiber composites with circular fiber cross-section, the increasing fiber weight fraction (accompanied by increasing void content) has detrimental effect on stiffness and strength. The differences in behavior are discussed attributing them to fiber/ fiber interaction in wood fiber composites which does not happen in man-made fiber composites, and by rather weak fiber/matrix interface for man-made fibers leading to macro-crack formation in large porosity regions. 相似文献
3.
活性染料对杨木单板染色耐光性影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用活性染料、酸性染料和直接染料分别对杨木单板进行染色,分析并确定耐光性最佳的染料及此染料染色的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:活性染料染色杨木单板的耐光性最佳;确定出的最佳染色工艺参数为:染料浓度10g/L,染色时间2.5h,染色温度60℃,浴比20:1。这一研究结果为杨木单板仿制珍贵木材提供了理论依据和实际生产工艺参数。 相似文献
4.
JIANG Zehui LV Wenhua** FEI Benhua REN Haiqing WU Yuzhang ChineseAcademyof Forestry Beijing P. R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2006,5(2):1-6
Wood color is an important factor to determine wood impression. It is also the most vivid and active factor in furniture and interior decoration design. It is an important index to evaluate wood commercial value, and strongly influences wood sale competition power. Wood discoloration is the change of normal wood color. Plywood, veneer, furniture and decorative wood products have some limits on wood discoloration, and export products have also strict limit on it. Discoloring of biomass wood is… 相似文献
5.
Xiaoqian Wang Zhiming Yu Yang Zhang Chusheng Qi Wen-lung Chang 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(6):861-871
Ultrasonic-assisted dyeing as a novel and eco-friendly method was utilized to improve decorative value of fast-growing tree species. The effects of ultrasonic-assisted dyeing parameters (e.g., temperature, dye concentration, ultrasonic power, dipping time, dyeing assistant and dye-fixing agent) on the properties of wood were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. Moreover, the main factors mentioned above were determined with grey system theory analysis. Analyses of chemical structure, thermostability, crystallinity, and microscopic morphologies were conducted using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Results showed that dye uptake and K/S were influenced by the parameters in the following order: dye concentration?>?dye-fixing agent?>?dyeing assistant?>?dipping time?>?ultrasonic power?>?temperature. FTIR indicated that an ether bond was formed between the wood component and the reactive dye. TG and XRD demonstrated that the thermal stability and crystallinity of ultrasonic-assisted dyed wood were both improved. SEM revealed that dye molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel, aperture, and part of the wood microstructure such as pit membrane, which was mechanically damaged after the ultrasonic-assisted dyeing treatment and created new fluid channels for the dye. 相似文献
6.
光辐射染色木材的变色规律及化学组分结构的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以I-214杨木染色单板为试材、氙光作为辐射光源,考察其在100h光照过程中表面颜色的变化规律;依据红外光谱图的谱峰位置和谱峰相对吸收强度,分析和确定光变色过程中染色杨木木材的化学组分。结果表明:染色杨木木材受光辐射易发生变色,其中酸性蓝染色单板的明度指数L*和色品指数b*变化显著,其光变色度显著大于酸性大红GR染色单板;若以波数1510cm-1为基准,非共轭羰基C=O振动的吸收峰(1738cm-1)吸收强度显著增强;共轭羰基C=O伸缩振动的吸收峰(1650cm-1)吸收强度有所增强;芳香环骨架C-C振动的吸收峰(1510cm-1)吸收强度明显减弱;C-O-H振动的吸收峰(1160~1052cm-1)吸收强度有所减弱。 相似文献
7.
通过化学试剂与木材中木质素、抽提物等成分发生反应,可以改变木材的颜色,从而达到对木材表面修饰的目的。以氯化亚铁(FeCl2)为变色剂,通过浸渍的方式获得了变色麻栎(Quercus acutissima)单板。利用正交试验研究了亚铁离子的质量分数、处理温度、处理时间以及干燥温度对麻栎单板变色的影响,获得了最佳处理工艺;利用色差仪对麻栎表面的色度系数进行了测试,并通过紫外漫反射光谱和红外光谱对麻栎变色的原因进行了探究。实验结果表明:经氯化亚铁溶液处理后,麻栎单板表面变为蓝黑色,颜色均匀,纹理清晰;影响麻栎单板变色的各因素主次顺序为氯化亚铁质量分数>干燥温度>处理温度>处理时间。氯化亚铁对麻栎进行化学变色处理的优化工艺参数为:氯化亚铁质量分数为1.0%、处理时间为10 min、处理温度为80℃、干燥温度为40℃。碱抽提可以去除麻栎单板表面大部分可以与铁离子发生变色反应的木质素或酚类物质,碱抽提后的麻栎不再发生明显的变色反应;麻栎与铁离子的变色反应,主要发生在木材的酚羟基和芳香环取代基上,木材中的酚类物质与铁离子络合反应是其变色的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
木、竹、藤材的变色防治 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对木材变色的机理、类型、成分和影响因素, 木材变色的预防和消除以及生物防治等研究的最新成果进行了概括总结, 综合论述了木材、竹材和藤材的变色防治研究现状, 得出以下几点结论:(1)低毒或无毒、高效、多功能的防变色剂的研制开发仍是木材工业变色防治研究的重要研究方向。(2)开展色变脱除, 恢复已变色材原有颜色和价值方面的研究很有必要。(3)以菌治菌的生物防治, 污染小, 成本低, 应加强其理论研究和实践应用。(4)通过热处理或光辐射等手段, 诱导木、竹、藤材变色, 进行调色处理, 将成为新的研究方向。(5)与木材相比, 竹材、藤材变色的研究落后, 尤其是藤材变色, 应得到进一步加强。 相似文献
9.
染色木材pH值与缓冲容量的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别用酸性染料与活性染料,对大青杨和桦木单板进行直接染色和NaOH溶液预处理后染色,测量2种染色单板的pH值和缓冲容量,并与未染色单板进行对比.结果表明,NaOH溶液预处理、酸性染料、活性染料的染色对2种单板的pH值及缓冲容量的影响规律一致;染色可小幅度增加木材pH值,显著降低酸缓冲容量;预处理则可较大幅度增加pH值,并一定程度上增加酸缓冲容量;大青杨单板经2种工艺染色后,其酸缓冲容量均有明显下降;桦木单板直接染色酸缓冲容量减小,而预处理后染色则酸缓冲容量增大. 相似文献
10.
L. Awoyemi 《Wood Science and Technology》2008,42(1):39-45
Based on the already established mitigating potentials of borate salt on the negative effects of heat treatment on the strength
properties of wood (Awoyemi and Westermark 2005), the optimum concentration of the alkali buffer solution required to minimize strength loss was determined. Wood samples
were impregnated with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 M sodium borate solution and exposed to heat treatment for 4 h at 200°C. The mitigating
effect of borate salt on the degree of strength loss during heat treatment increases significantly with increasing concentration
from 0.1 to 0.3 M. Increasing the concentration of sodium borate from 0.3 to 0.5 M did not produce significant differences
in the degree of strength loss during heat treatment. The increase in the buffering effect observed with increasing concentration
of the sodium borate preservative is more pronounced on the modulus of rupture than on the modulus of elasticity. It is evidenced
therefore that the buffering effect of borate salt on the modulus of elasticity of wood exposed to heat treatment did not
start significantly until the 0.3 M concentration is reached and further increase in concentration beyond this point did not
produce any appreciable improvement in strength properties. 相似文献
11.
以杨木单板及其染色单板为试材,使用氙光衰减仪进行辐射试验,分析这两种单板的光变色规律及影响因素,并进行耐光性能评价。结果表明:杨木单板的光变色是木材本身;染色杨木单板的光变色是染料和木材共同作用的结果,影响其光变色的主要因素是染料的品种和结构。因此,杨木单板的光变色小于染色杨木单板,而染色杨木单板中酸性蓝染色单板光变色最显著。 相似文献
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13.
Summary Photodegradation of wood surfaces in the presence of oxygen was studied. ESR studies revealed that free radicals were formed at the wood surface during photoirradiation. These wood free radicals readily interacted with oxygen molecules to form peroxide radicals. Iodometry UV absorption studies showed that hydroperoxide was formed in the photoirradiated wood. The hydroperoxide concentration increased when wood was irradiated in the presence of singlet oxygen generators such as Rose Bengal and Methylene Blue. Hydroperoxide concentration decreased when wood was irradiated in the presence of singlet oxygen quenchers such as 1,4-diazobicyclo (2,2,2) octane, -carotene and triethylamine. These findings imply the participation of singlet oxygen in the photodegradation of wood surfaces. The mechanisms of formation of singlet oxygen and hydroperoxide during photoirradiation are proposed. The consequence of hydroperoxide decomposition reactions on the discoloration and degradation of wood surface is discussed.This study was supported by cooperative research funds provided by the US Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisoonsin. The authors (DNSH and STC) wish to acknowledge this support 相似文献
14.
GaoJianmin ZhangBiguang ChangJianmin 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(2):50-55
Buerger maple (Liquidambarformosana Hance) is a kind of wood that is easily discolored. This paper tries to obtain satisfactory color and a broad prospect in the utilization of buerger maple by induced discoloration. The authors analyze the mechanism of induced discoloration of buerger maple based on the analysis of visual physical parameter, the infrared spectrum (IRS) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) under different drying conditions. The result shows that it is feasible to induce discoloration during the drying process. The wood color tends to be red and fuscous during inducing discoloration of buerger maple.The induced discoloration mechanism is: 1) the high temperature and humidity accelerates the oxidation reaction of polyphenol,leuco-fancy pigment and tannin, which changes the wood color to red; 2) the hydroxy (-OH) is oxidized and the carbonyl (-C=0),carboxyl (-COOH), ester and ketone groups form during the high temperature steaming, which results in wood piece discoloration. 相似文献
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16.
Umebayashi T Utsumi Y Koga S Inoue S Shiiba Y Arakawa K Matsumura J Oda K 《Tree physiology》2007,27(7):993-999
To elucidate the water-conducting pathways in living trees by the dye injection method, suitable sample preparation procedures are needed. We evaluated quantitatively the properties and concentrations of three dyes (acid fuchsin, basic fuchsin and safranin) widely used for this purpose, and determined the optimal conditions required to avoid artifacts after dye injection into the sap stream of Pieris japonica D. Don. Among the dyes tested, an aqueous solution of acid fuchsin at a concentration of 0.1% or more was the most useful for delineating water movement. In non-transpiring stem segments, the vertical movement of acid fuchsin by capillarity and diffusion from the dye injection site was limited. However, acid fuchsin moved rapidly in the horizontal direction by capillarity and diffusion, and most xylem cells were stained within 2 h. A delay of more than 2 h between dye injection and examination of the tissues greatly reduces the precision of the method. Use of the dye injection method without appropriate, well-defined experimental procedures may give rise to misleading information about the functional water-conducting pathway in living trees. 相似文献
17.
Modification of three hardwoods with an N-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bodo Caspar Kielmann Stergios Adamopoulos Holger Militz Gerald Koch Carsten Mai 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(1):123-136
This study evaluated the combined modification and staining of ash, beech and maple wood with a low molecular weight N-methylol melamine compound (NMM) and a metal-complex dye. Wood samples were treated with aqueous solutions of 10, 20 and 30 wt% NMM and 5 wt% of the dye. The treatment caused the fixation of the water-soluble dye by the NMM resin. Vacuum pressure impregnation of unsealed wood blocks did not result in different solution uptake and weight percent gain after curing among the three species, but sealing of the surfaces of the wood blocks to allow penetration only into one direction revealed easiest penetrability of beech followed by maple and ash. UV micro-spectrophotometry and light microscopy indicated that NMM was partly deposited in the cell wall and partly in the lumens. Penetration of the metal-complex dye was shown by means of X-ray micro-analysis (SEM–EDX). The study shows that a combined resin modification and staining of the three wood species tested is possible and that NMM causes fixation of the water-soluble dye. 相似文献
18.
In conventional drying, sawn birch (Betula sp.) timber darkens and reddens from the inside while the layer a few millimetres under the yellowish surface remains light in color. Lack of information concerning the chemical basis of the discoloration hinders the development of a reliable solution for this problem. In this study, the role of soluble proanthocyanidins in discoloration of birch wood was investigated because the polymerization and oxidation of these compounds are known to yield insoluble reddish compounds. Different periods of log storage affected the synthesis of soluble proanthocyanidins during conventional drying. Concentration of proanthocyanidins also correlated with changes in the color of birch wood. Discoloration appeared differently in conventionally dried and vacuum-dried wood, which indicates that the discoloration mechanism in these drying methods may differ chemically, and/or the compounds that take part in discoloration may be different at different drying temperatures. 相似文献
19.
Toshihiro Yamada 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(2):103-109
The participation of active defense responses in the limitation of fungal spread in the sapwood of living sugi tree was determined.
Isolates ofGuignardia cryptomeriae were inoculated to living trees, fresh logs, frozen and thawed logs and autoclaved logs, and the spread of wood discoloration
and fungal hyphae was assessed. In autoclaved logs and freeze-treated logs, wood discoloration and reaction zone formation
were not observed, and fungal hyphae of both of virulent and avirulent isolates grew rapidly in the wood. In fresh logs, wood
discoloration and the formation of a pale reaction zone and transition zone were observed. Virulent isolates spread rapidly,
but the spread of avirulent isolates was inhibited. In living trees, wood discoloration was observed and reaction zones were
formed at lesion margins. These results indicated that constitutive defense mechanisms had no effect on the spread of both
of virulent and avirulent isolates, and that active defense responses were important in the limitation of spread of fungal
hyphae, hence in the limitation of wood discoloration. Further, it appeared that avirulent, but not virulent, races ofG. cryptomeriae were easily inhibited even by weak host responses.
This study was presented at 105th and 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society. 相似文献