紫茉莉愈伤组织诱导的激素优化研究

[目的]该研究以紫茉莉（Mirabilis jalapaL.）为供试植物,建立愈伤组织诱导及继代培养体系,为后期的细胞悬浮培养奠定基础。[方法]以MS为基础培养基,加入不同浓度的6-BA、2,4-D、NAA、KT,设计L16（44）正交试验。[结果]得出最佳愈伤组织诱导组合为：6-BA 0 mg/L＋2,4-D 1 mg/L＋NAA 1 mg/L＋KT 1.5 mg/L,以附加2,4-D 1 mg/L＋KT 0.5 mg/L的继代培养基上生长的愈伤组织适合细胞悬浮培养。[结论]筛选出适合紫茉莉愈伤组织培养的激素条件,可为紫茉莉组培相关研究奠定基础。     

香蕉雄花和组培苗假茎胚性愈伤组织诱导的初步研究

从外植体来源、生长调节剂种类及浓度等方面研究影响巴西蕉胚性愈伤组织诱导的因素。结果表明,以未成熟雄花为外植体,MS培养基＋1 mg/L 2,4-D＋1 mg/L IAA＋1 mg/L NAA较适宜胚性愈伤组织诱导,26℃暗培养条件下,未成熟雄花的胚性愈伤组织诱导率为3%～4%。在MS培养基＋0.7 mg/L 2,4-D＋4 mg/L 6-BA中,以不同品种假茎为外植体的脱分化愈伤组织诱导率最高可达75%,但只有巴西(青杆)和海南本地米蕉可以诱导出胚性愈伤组织,诱导率分别为0.1%和0.5%。     

桂糖42号胚性愈伤组织高效诱导及相关内源激素的动态变化

以优良甘蔗品种桂糖42号心叶为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,探究不同浓度2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)及营养成分[水解酪蛋白(CH)和椰汁(CW)]对甘蔗胚性愈伤组织诱导效果的影响,优化甘蔗胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基;测定诱导胚性愈伤组织发生过程中不同组织样品的4种激素[玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA₃)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)]含量。结果表明,甘蔗心叶在添加3.0 mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基中其愈伤组织诱导率达93.33%,第一代愈伤组织转接于添加3.0 mg/L 2,4-D和100.0 mL/L CW的MS培养基,其胚性愈伤组织诱导率达83.33%;在甘蔗胚性愈伤组织诱导过程中,内源激素ZR和GA₃含量呈下降趋势,IAA和ABA含量呈上升趋势,胚性愈伤组织与非胚性愈伤组织间的4种激素含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,胚性愈伤组织的GA₃含量是非胚性愈伤组织的1.77倍。本研究将甘蔗愈伤组织诱导培养基优化为MS+3.0 mg/L 2,4-D,继代培养基优化为MS+3.0 mg/L 2,4...     

胆木愈伤组织与悬浮细胞培养研究

通过组织培养技术,利用胆木(Nauclea officinalis)种子无菌实生苗的茎段、叶片、叶柄等进行愈伤组织的诱导及悬浮细胞的培养。结果如下：(1)以WPM为基本培养基,获得愈伤组织高诱导率的激素种类及浓度为①0.5 mg/L 2,4-D、②0.5～1.5 mg/L IBA＋(0.0,0.5 mg/L)6-BA,诱导率达到100%;(2)在外植体的差异上,茎段和叶片出现愈伤组织的时间较早、增殖系数最大,可达15倍;(3)在培养基1/2WPM＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D＋30 g/L蔗糖中,继代周期为14～17 d,胆木细胞悬浮培养增殖率可达30.16%。     

花生愈伤组织的诱导及细胞悬浮培养体系的建立

以中花2号无菌苗为材料,对愈伤组织诱导和细胞悬浮培养的最佳条件进行探讨,并对悬浮细胞的生长特性进行检测,建立了花生悬浮细胞培养体系。结果表明,叶片是诱导愈伤组织和进行悬浮培养的理想外植体,愈伤组织最佳诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,悬浮培养适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L。悬浮细胞生长呈"S"型曲线,培养12d达到最大生长量,最适继代周期为12d左右,在悬浮培养过程中,细胞数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,培养液的pH和电导率变化则均为先下降再回升最后趋于稳定。     

番木瓜叶片、叶柄胚性愈伤组织的诱导及其体胚植株的发生

以“漳红”番木瓜组培苗的叶片和叶柄为外植体,在改良MS＋0．5mg／LKT＋1．0mg／L2,4-D＋0．5mg／L BA＋0．1mg／L NAA＋400mg／L Glu＋30g/L蔗糖的固体培养基上诱导出了胚性愈伤组织。其中,CⅡa型胚性愈伤在一定条件下能够继代增殖,并能向CⅡb型转变,CⅡb型胚性愈伤则容易发生体胚。采用两步生根法,将体胚再生植株先接种于1／2 MS＋0．5mg／L IBA＋1．0g/L AC＋30g／L蔗糖的固体培养基中暗培养7d后,转移至1／2 MS＋1．0g/L AC＋25μmol／L VB2＋30g/L蔗糖的固体培养基上光照培养,生根效果最好。移栽后,成活率可达45％以上。     

玉米幼胚培养及植株再生的研究

以不同玉米自交系幼胚为外植体,研究不同2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织诱导、6-BA浓度对愈伤组织分化和6-BA与NAA配合使用对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明:不同2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织诱导率影响差异不明显,但对胚性率诱导有明显影响,其诱导最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+水解酪蛋白500 mg/L+脯氨酸500 mg/L;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基是MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+水解酪蛋白500 mg/L+谷氨酰胺200 mg/L+PP₃₃₃ 2 mg/L;试管苗生根的最佳培养基是1/2 MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA2.0 mg/L+PP₃₃₃ 2.0 mg/L+活性炭0.2%。     

小麦成熟胚诱导胚性愈伤组织的影响因素

为加快小麦成熟胚在转基因研究中的利用,以陕麦159成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导,建立了一套有效的小麦愈伤组织诱导体系。研究表明,不同消毒处理、2,4-D浓度和接种方法对胚性愈伤出愈率的影响有极显著差异,不同浸种时间和培养基类型对胚性愈伤组织出愈率的影响无显著差异。采用次氯酸钠初次消毒20min,升汞二次消毒5min,消毒彻底,对种子损害较小;浸种时间18～20h易于成熟胚的剥取,且诱导的愈伤组织质量较好;MS培养基较1/2MS培养基诱导愈伤组织效果好,MS培养基2,4-D浓度为4mg.L-1时（30g蔗糖＋7g琼脂）胚性愈伤组织率最高,愈伤组织质量较好;完整胚诱导胚性愈伤组织率最高达84.17%,碎胚诱导胚性愈伤组织率最高达94.17%。     

五味子不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导

以五味子的嫩茎段、叶片、叶柄、果柄为外植体,以MS附加相同激素配比的培养基为基质,进行了诱导北五味子愈伤组织的适宜外植体及培养条件的筛选。结果表明：北五味子嫩茎段在MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L＋2,4-D0．1mg／L＋IBA0．3mg／L诱导效果较好,在附加MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋ZT0．1mg／L的诱导芽效果较好。     

水稻成熟胚盾片诱导愈伤组织再生体系的建立

采用水稻成熟胚盾片诱导愈伤组织作为分化再生的外植体，通过优化激素组合和调节培养基渗透压，建立了适合水稻遗传转化的高效再生体系，将水稻成熟胚诱导愈伤组织分化再生的过程划分为3个不同时期，即成熟胚盾片愈伤组织诱导，胚性细胞诱导保持，胚性愈伤组织分化再生，以CultureI(LS 2,4-D2.0mg/L)诱导成熟胚盾片愈伤组织，愈伤组织剥离后接种于Culture II-3(LS 2,4-D 2.5mg/L 山梨醇3g/L)上诱导胚性愈伤组织，继代后接种于Culture Ⅲ-2(MS NAA 0.5mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L Kinetin 2.0mg/L 山梨醇8g／L）上分化成苗，培养结果表明，该再生体系所获得的胚性愈伤组织分化再生率均在60％－80％之间，利用本研究建立的高效再生体系建立水稻外源基因遗传转化系统，使转化过程中所得转化愈伤组织高效再生成苗，从而顺利获得转化植株，可以提高水稻外源基因转化的效率，为水稻品种的定向遗传改良提供优良的遗传转化技术体系。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。