我国白蚁的危害及白蚁防治剂的应用状况

在统计我国白蚁种类482种中 ,危害房屋建筑的主要是台湾乳白蚁、黄肢散白蚁和黑胸散白蚁 ;危害河堤和水库堤坝的主要是黑翅土白蚁和黄翅大白蚁。目前在我国使用的白蚁预防药剂有氯丹、亚砷酸钠、CCA。灭蚁剂有亚砷酸、灭蚁灵。可以替代它们的白蚁预防新药剂有毒死蜱、白捕特、白蚁灵、考登、硅白灵、锐劲特 ;新灭蚁剂有氟虫胺、硫氟酰胺、钼钨灵诱铒剂     

防治白蚁药剂的发展

我国白蚁共计476种,分属4科44属,大部分分布在长江以南广大地区,向北逐渐减少。在我国对国民经济造成严重危害的主要白蚁种类是堆砂白蚁属、乳白蚁属、散白蚁属、土白蚁属、大白蚁属的白蚁。通常白蚁依据其与木材和土壤的关系、对生活环境的选择、与水分的关系、群体的定居场所和危害特点等分成木栖性、土木两栖性及土栖性3个类群,或依据上述特点分为湿木白蚁、干木白蚁和地下白蚁。在我国不同的白蚁分布区,白蚁对房屋建筑、堤坝水库、通讯、交通、工农业生产等各个领域造成危害,但造成危害的程度不一。而长江以南地区和白蚁分布区内的经济…     

山林白蚁的防治

在我国约有 50 0余种白蚁 ,但绝大多数生活在山林中 ,严重危害树木 ,我国南方大面积的人工幼林、风景区参天挺拔的数百年乃至千余年的古树遭到白蚁蛀蚀 ,轻则影响树林的正常生长 ,重则造成林木空心或死亡 ,成为森林保护工作中的一大重点。笔者长期在武汉从事山林白蚁的防治工作 ,武汉也是全国白蚁危害的重灾区。武汉地处亚热带 ,雨水充足、植被丰富 ,这些都为白蚁生存繁衍提供了良好的条件。武汉有 7种白蚁 ,危害山林的有土栖白蚁、散白蚁、家白蚁。其中最主要的是土栖白蚁。1　土栖白蚁对林木的危害特征土栖白蚁对林木的危害与家白蚁、散白…     

桂林植物园白蚁防治研究初报

桂林植物园的树木受白蚁危害率为27.1％,其中以家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)、黄翅大白蚁(Macrotermes barneyi)危害最大,分别占总危害率的61.2％和36.5％。受害树种以樟树最为严重,占受害树种的73.8％。利用白蚁活巢的指示物鸡枞菌［Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk)］、三踏菌(Termitomyces sp.)进行挖巢灭蚁,取得很好的效果,4年来共挖巢329窝,取得很好的效果。     

两种新疑的杀白蚁剂

本文综述两种新颖的杀白蚁及其有效成分、毒性和作用方式。     

高尔夫球场白蚁发生规律与防治策略

对高尔夫球场白蚁发生种类、发生危害规律及原因进行了总结分析，提出了防治策略。介绍了草地及林木土栖白蚁灭治诱杀陷阱的制作与使用方法。认为进行预防和消灭球场周围的蚁源并长年坚持灭蚁是防治的关键．     

两种新颖的杀白蚁剂

本文综述两种新颖的杀白蚁剂及其有效成分，毒性和作用方式。     

海宁城市园林绿化白蚁危害情况调查和防治

对海宁市城市园林绿化白蚁危害情况进行抽样调查,发现危害城市园林的白蚁有2科3种,危害优势种为黑翅土白蚁。香樟为易受害树种,城市园林总体蚁害率为40.01%。针对不同园林特点,应选择合适的防治方法,可以达到有效防治白蚁危害的目的。     

广州古树名木白蚁的发生与防治

广州市古树名木受白蚁为害率为１６％，其中以家白蚁为害最大，占总为害率的９５．６％，受害树种以樟树为最严重。本文作者使用凯雷牌白蚁粉，彩蚁路施药法，分群孔施药法和钻巢＋诱杀法，于４－７月份对受害树木进行防治试验，结果证明分群孔施药法和钻巢＋诱杀法处理效果比较理想。作者还对广州市古树名木的保持提出了建议。     

校园林木白蚁危害调查及防治

广西大学校园危害园林树木的白蚁有２科３属３种。调查３８种树木中,有３１种树木受到白蚁的侵害,占８１．５８％,树木受害株率２０．１６％,严重受害株率３．４４％,台湾家白蚁是危害林木的优势种,在２１７株受害林木中,有２０１株受台湾家白蚁危害,大叶桉、侧柏、小叶桉和樟树等树种白蚁危害最为严重。     

微生物农药管理现状与展望

微生物农药,是指利用微生物或其代谢产物来防治危害农业的病、虫、草、鼠等有害生物以保护或促进植物生长的生防制剂。近几年来,由于化学农药的滥用,使得害虫抗药性、农药残留、环境污染等问题日益严峻,而作为化学农药替代品的微生物农药则发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文重点回顾了国内外微生物农药登记管理的发展历程,总结了各国微生物农药登记管理的资料要求,结合我国农业生产现状,分析了我国微生物农药登记管理的现状,为进一步完善我国微生物农药登记管理工作提出了建议。     

新疆苔藓植物的研究现状与展望

新疆苔藓植物系统，全面的研究起步较晚，到目前为止，主要研究仅限于苔藓植物区系，形态解剖学的研究，同国内其它地区的苔藓植物区系研究尚有较大的差距，目前已记录的新疆苔藓植物有55科、163属、419种，而且昆仑山和阿尔秦山 的区系研究还有待于进一步深入，尤其是在新疆苔藓植物生态学和多样性方面的研究仍处于空白状态，本文介绍了新疆苔藓植物研究的现状，存在的问题及对今后研究工作的展望。     

白蚁药剂的评价方法

本文概述了白蚁药剂的评价方法。重点综述了土壤处理类药剂和木材处理类药剂的室内外试验方法     

Juvenogens as potential agents in termite control: laboratory screening

Preliminary screening tests of eight juvenogens, fatty acid esters of two parent juvenoid alcohols, showed high juvenilizing effect in the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen). This effect is manifested by differentiation of termite workers into pre-soldiers, soldiers and/or soldier-intercastes ('soldiers'). Juvenogen 9 was tested with five other termite species: Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen, Kalotermes flavicollis F, Cryptotermes declivis Tsai & Chen, Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud, and R flaviceps Oshima, and showed promising efficacy in force-feeding (FF) as well as in choice bioassays. In the economically important subterranean termites R santonensis and R flaviceps, after application of 0.5 mg ml(-1) in FF experiments ca 57 and 73%, respectively, of workers changed into soldiers. In Zootermopsis angusticollis application of 0.05 mg ml(-1) caused differentiation in 62% soldiers, and 57% soldiers differentiated after topical application of 1 microg of the tested compound per termite. Differentiation of excessive soldiers induced by a juvenile hormone-mimicking compound may cause disruption of the social structure and ultimately the death of the colony.     

林木白蚁的生物防治和生物源农药防治研究进展

林木白蚁在我国南方林区危害严重。目前,林木白蚁的防治仍以化学防治为主。但化学农药残毒严重,对环境和人类健康已构成极大威胁。利用生物防治以及生物源农药对林木白蚁进行防治具有高效、低毒,与环境兼容的特性,极具发展潜力。本文综述了生物防治以及生物源农药防治林木白蚁的研究现状与进展,并对其目前存在的问题和未来应用前景进行了分析。     

农药登记环境风险评估的现状及展望

本文通过农药对环境的负面影响及农药登记环境影响审评中存在的问题,阐述了农药登记环境风险评估的重要性及风险评估的基本要素;介绍了我国农药登记环境风险评估进展情况,并展望了今后相关工作。     

Longevity of a mixture of acetamiprid and bifenthrin (Transport(TM) ) at the termiticidal application rate

BACKGROUND: The 30 month longevity, mobility and insecticidal activity of a combination of acetamiprid and bifenthrin currently marketed in the United States for the prevention of termite infestation in buildings was investigated in greenhouse and laboratory studies. RESULTS: Acetamiprid dissipated to below the limit of detection within 7 months of application, while bifenthrin remained in the soil at levels sufficient to kill termites for the duration of the study. Acetamiprid was detected in decreasing amounts in eluates of treated soil from months 1 to 4, while no bifenthrin was detected in eluates at any time. The treated soil remained toxic to termites for the 30 month duration of the study. Two indices of synergy between technical‐grade acetamiprid and bifenthrin demonstrated that it is unlikely that there would be any synergism between the two active ingredients in the field. The presence of vegetation did not have a significant effect on the longevity of bifenthrin, except at intermediate times, where residues in the treated soil were higher in vegetated plots, depending on depth and time. CONCLUSIONS: Acetamiprid has a short residual time in soil, and this formulation's effectiveness beyond about 7 months against subterranean termites is due to the bifenthrin content. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos on locomotor behaviour and acetylcholinesterase activity of subterranean termites, Odontotermes obesus

The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos to subterranean termites, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), has been studied by a paper contact method. The LC50 values for chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos were 0.046 and 0.148 microg cm(-2), respectively. Chlorpyrifos was 3.22-fold more toxic than monocrotophos. The effect of the pesticides on locomotor behaviour (velocity) and head acetylcholinesterase (AChE: EC 3.1.1.7) activity was estimated in LC50-exposed termites at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Chlorpyrifos- and monocrotophos-treated termites showed, respectively, 97 and 88% reduction in locomotor behaviour (velocity) after 24 h. At all time intervals the chlorpyrifos-treated termites exhibited more AChE inhibition and showed greater distorted behaviour than those exposed to monocrotophos. In vitro studies indicated that the I50 value (50% inhibition) for chlorpyrifos against AChE was 8.75 times that of monocrotophos.