芽孢杆菌PAS38和β-甘露聚糖对家兔小肠5-HT的影响研究

成都市坤宏动物药业有限公司沈洁芽孢杆菌制剂是一种广泛应用于生产的微生态制剂,能抵抗各种不良环境,对热、pH和盐具有广泛耐受性,特别是芽孢杆菌可产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-葡聚糖酶、超氧化物歧化酶等,因此,在畜牧业和发酵工业中发挥着重要作用.甘露聚糖作为一种新型的寡糖添加剂,具有稳定性好、用量小及来源丰富等特点.目前,国内外对益生素和寡糖的研究主要集中在提高动物生产性能、改善肠道微生态环境方面,而对动物肠道黏膜的神经内分泌免疫网络影响没有系统报道.本试验旨在通过对家兔饲喂芽孢杆菌制剂和甘露聚糖制剂,研究其肠道黏膜5-羟色胺(5-HT)小肠黏膜中的分布及其数量变化,从而为研究微生态制剂和寡糖与动物肠道黏膜神经内分泌免疫的关系,提供进一步的试验依据.     

芽孢杆菌PAS38和β-甘露聚糖对家兔生产性能的研究

芽孢杆菌制剂是一种广泛应用于生产的微生态制剂,能抵抗各种不良环境,对热、pH和盐具有广泛耐受性,可产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-甘露聚糖酶等,在畜牧业和发酵工业中发挥着重要作用;甘露聚糖作为一种新型的寡糖添加剂,具有稳定性好、用量小及来源丰富等特点。本试验旨在通过对家兔饲喂芽孢杆菌制剂和甘露聚糖制剂,研究其生产性能的变化,为芽孢杆菌制剂和甘露聚糖是否会提高生产性能和饲料提供实验依据。     

芽孢杆菌PAS38和β-甘露聚糖对家兔小肠生长抑素的影响研究

芽孢杆菌制剂是一种广泛应用于生产的微生态制剂,能抵抗各种不良环境,对热、pH值和盐具有广泛耐受性,特别是芽孢杆菌可产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-寡糖酶、超氧化物歧化酶等,因此,芽孢杆菌制剂在畜牧业和发酵工业中发挥着重要作用。寡糖作为一种新型的寡糖添加剂,具有稳定性好、用量小及来源丰富等特点。目前,国内外对益生素和寡糖的研究主要集中在提高动物生产性能、改善肠道微生态环境方面,而对动     

复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉兔肠道发育和免疫功能的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究不同水平复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉兔肠道p H、小肠黏膜形态、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响。【方法】选取体重相近,35日龄断奶的新西兰肉兔160只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组为在基础饲粮中添加400mg/kg的4%恩拉霉素;试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加200mg/kg、300mg/kg和400mg/kg复合芽孢杆菌制剂;试验期8周。【结果】试验1、2、3组均可显著降低肠道p H(P<0.05);试验2、3组显著提高了小肠各段VCR值(P<0.05);试验1、2、3组均显著降低了盲肠中大肠杆菌和总好氧菌数量(P<0.05),同时显著增加乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及总厌氧菌数量(P<0.05);试验2、3组显著提高了血清中Ig M、补体C3、C4的含量(P<0.05),试验1、2、3组肠黏膜s Ig A含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】在饲粮中添加该复合制剂可以促进肠道发育,刺激盲肠有益菌的增殖并抑制有害菌的增殖,同时还可提高机体的免疫功能。本试验条件下,该复合制剂在肉兔饲粮中的适宜添加量为300~400mg/kg。     

芽孢杆菌对仔猪肠道菌群的影响

芽孢杆菌能维持肠道菌群平衡,降低仔猪腹泻的发生。文中阐述了3种常用益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌及地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪肠道菌群的影响以及影响芽孢杆菌使用效果的因素,为芽孢杆菌在仔猪生产中的合理应用提供参考。     

日粮添加甘露寡聚糖对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道微生物群落的影响

本研究以酵母细胞壁来源的甘露寡聚糖为试验材料,探讨了不同添加剂量对爱拔益加肉仔鸡肠道微生物群落的影响。试验结果表明,日粮中添加酵母细胞壁来源的甘露寡聚糖可显著提高肉仔鸡生产性能,显著降低肉仔鸡肠道中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量,提高乳酸杆菌的数量,添加剂量以750mg/kg为适宜。     

家兔蜡样芽孢杆菌制剂培养方法的研究

发酵工程就是给微生物一个最适合生长的条件,利用微生物的代谢功能,通过现代化技术手段生产出人类所需要的产品。发酵是一个复杂的生物化学变化和物理变化,很多因素均会影响发酵的产量。主要包括营养物质的浓度及比例配合、培养时间的长短、初始pH值、培养过程中的温度控制和溶液中溶氧量的多少等,上述因素如控制得当会大幅度提高发酵产品中活菌的数量。     

甘露寡糖对枯草芽孢杆菌在肉鸡肠道内的排出及肠道菌群的影响

研究旨在考察甘露寡糖(MOS)对枯草芽孢杆菌在AA肉鸡肠道内的排出及其对肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验选取180羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复。对照组灌喂无菌水,处理组灌喂芽孢液或含0.2%MOS的芽孢液各1.0 mL;每12 h采集粪样测定芽孢数,并在芽孢排完后采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)测定粪甘露寡糖样中的微生物群落结构;涂布平板法测定肉鸡盲肠内大肠杆菌、总好氧菌和乳酸杆菌的数量。结果表明:与灌喂芽孢组相比,添加MOS 72 h后,能显著提高肉鸡盲肠内乳酸杆菌(P<0.05),降低总需氧菌和大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),但对排出的总芽孢数无影响。PCR-DGGE的分析表明,MOS对细菌群落的多样性无影响(P>0.05)。提示添加0.2%MOS不影响芽孢杆菌在肉鸡上发挥作用,并能提高其益生效果。     

果聚糖和甘露寡糖对水貂肠道菌群影响的研究

为寻找抗生素的安全替代品,研究果聚糖和甘露寡糖对水貂冬毛生长期肠道菌群的影响。选择日龄、体重、性别、胎次相同的冬毛生长期水貂32只,随机分为8组,每组4只,分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮);在基础日粮的基础上添加0.67%的兽用土霉素组;试验组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.25%、0.5%、1%的果聚糖和0.25%、0.5%、1%的甘露寡糖。试验结果表明,添加0.25%、0.5%、1%果聚糖和甘露寡糖均有抑制水貂肠道大肠杆菌,促进乳酸杆菌增殖的作用,效果显著(P<0.05),可以作为抗生素的替代品用于水貂生产。     

炭疽芽孢杆菌疫苗研究进展

炭疽病是一种人畜共患的烈性传染病.该病由炭疽杆菌所致,传播迅速,潜伏期短,死亡率高.炭疽杆菌在生物武器中占有重要地位.本文简述了现用疫苗及各国正在开发的新疫苗,探讨了疫苗研发的新思路,客观评价了人用炭疽疫苗的安全性及有效性.     

饲用芽孢杆菌制剂在动物消化道中的作用机理

芽孢杆菌是动物肠道的正常菌群,是研制开发微生态制剂最主要的菌株之一。动物微生态制剂具有无毒、无副作用,促进动物生长,提高饲料转化率,替代抗生素等优点。但由于受制剂本身、动物机体、外界环境等多种因素的影响,其应用效果的重复性和稳定性较差。本文就芽孢杆菌制剂在动物肠道中的作用机理作一阐述。     

The presence of EGF- and IGF-1-receptors in the small intestine of fetal, neonatal and weaned piglets

During development, gut morphology and functions change. Some of these are mediated by milk-borne factors, e.g. insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), of which the effects are in part dictated by the distribution of their receptors (R).

EGFR- and IGF-1R-immunoreactivity (IR) was evaluated in samples of the fetal, neonatal and weaned porcine small intestine.

EGFR-IR first appeared in the neonatal duodenum and was located basolaterally in villar and to a lesser extent in cryptal enterocytes. In weaned pigs, EGFR appeared apically in enterocytes with a region-dependent distribution along the villus–crypt axis. IGF-1R-IR was observed in smooth muscle cells in each age group. From the last trimester of gestation onward IGF-1R-IR was seen at the apical and basolateral side of villar enterocytes and in submucosal arterioles.

Thus, the age- and region-dependent presence of EGFR and IGF-1R has to be taken into account when evaluating effects of EGF and IGF-1 on growth or repair.     

饲料中添加芽孢杆菌对黄鳝肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

文章旨在研究不同水平枯草芽孢杆菌对黄鳝肠道菌群,免疫功能的影响,以体重(10.23±0.24)g的健康黄鳝幼苗为试验材料,暂养2周后随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复36尾.6组试验鱼类分别在饲料中添加0,0.25％,0.5％,0.75％,1％和1.25％的枯草芽孢杆菌,饲养8周后,测定黄鳝肠道菌群和免疫指标.结果显...     

Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis with other bacillus species based on enzymoserological examinations of their proteolytic enzymes

Investigated strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were all good producers of casein precipitating proteinases (CP-enzymes).CP-enzymes produced by five strains of B. thuringiensis were serologically compared with enzymes produced by strains of B. cereus, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The technique used is a special enzymoserological procedure by which the proteolytic activity is neutralized by specific antisera. A close enzymoserological relationship was demonstrated between B. thuringiensis and B. cereus, while no interspecies cross-reactions occurred between enzymes of these species, and those of B. licheniformis and B. subtilis.The possibility of undetected transference of B. thuringiensis from bacteriologically treated plant material to animals is discussed in relation to the high degree of similarity between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis.     

Bovine intelectins: cDNA sequencing and expression in the bovine intestine

Intelectins (Itlns) are lectins with potential roles in innate immunity, capable of binding bacteria via galactofuranose residues. Itlns also function as intestinal receptors for the antimicrobial glycoprotein lactoferrin (Lf). Since Lf binds strongly to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), we aimed to determine the expression of Lf receptor in terminal rectum, the site of predilection of EHEC in cattle. We sequenced two bovine intelectins (Itln1 and Itln2) and showed that both were expressed in abomasum and rectum, but expression appeared minimal in the jejunum. There was significantly higher expression of Itln2 in terminal rather than proximal rectum. Lactoferrin was expressed in all samples examined. Thus, we have demonstrated two novel bovine Itlns and shown that they are expressed along with Lf in the gastrointestinal tract, where they may interact with microbial pathogens.     

主动免疫血管活性肠肽（VIP）对家鸽繁殖性能影响的初探

将３０对青年鸽随机分为三组,第一组用血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）类似物与牛血清蛋白（ＢＳＡ）的偶联物进行主动免疫ＶＩＰ,第二组注射与第一组等量的生理盐水,第三组不做任何处理。在试验的第一阶段,除第三组外,第一、二组鸽在产蛋后立即将书目是拿出,试验结果显示：第一组与第二组鸽月产蛋量和周抱窝数差异不显著。但第一、二组鸽产蛋量与第三组（自然饲养组）差异极显著。在试验的第二阶段（Ｂ处理过程）均不把蛋拿出,则三组     

Glycoconjugate histochemistry in the small and large intestine of normal and Solanum glaucophyllum-intoxicated rabbits

Vitamin D participates in mineral homeostasis, immunomodulation, cell growth and differentiation. The leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum contain high levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as glycoside derivatives and their chronic ingestion generates a hypervitaminosis D-like state. We analyzed changes on carbohydrate expression as a cell differentiation indicator on samples of the small and large intestine of S. glaucophyllum-intoxicated rabbits, using conventional and lectin histochemistry. Male New Zealand white rabbits were intoxicated with S. glaucophyllum during two or four weeks and killed the day after. A group of animals (“possibly recovered group”) were intoxicated during 15 days and killed at day 45 of the beginning of the experiment. We found changes in the lectin binding pattern in the small and large intestine of the intoxicated rabbits. Some of these changes were reverted in the possibly recovered group. Vitamin D could be a new regulator factor of the intestinal glycosylation process.     

紫花苜蓿光能及叶片水分利用效率影响因子分析

大田条件下,利用C 340df光合仪,对12个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种(初花期)的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及生态因子(光合有效辐射、大气温度、大气湿度)和生理因子(胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、叶温)进行测定,探讨影响其光能利用效率（LUE）和叶片水分利用效率（WUE）的主要因子。结果表明：1)品种胖多单株干质量最高,且LUE、WUE显著高于其他品种(P＜0.05),属于高光合、低蒸腾、高水分利用品种;2)影响LUE的主要是生理因子(胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度),而影响WUE的则为外界环境因子(光合有效辐射、大气温度、大气湿度)。     

日粮中添加沸石对肉兔生长的影响

为探讨沸石对肉兔生长的影响,将４０只６０～７０日龄加利福尼亚幼兔随机分成４组。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,另外３组分别在基础日粮中添加３％、６％和９％沸石。结果表明,在每千克饲料含可消化能１１０ＭＪ、粗蛋白质１６０％的日粮中,添加３％～５％的沸石,可促进幼兔生长,降低饲养成本,提高养兔效益。