3种免疫途径下迟缓爱德华菌菌蜕疫苗对欧洲鳗的免疫保护效果

为了探讨迟缓爱德华菌菌蜕疫苗预防鳗鲡爱德华菌病的可行性,实验采用腹腔注射、口服、浸泡3种途径探讨了迟缓爱德华菌菌蜕疫苗对欧洲鳗的免疫保护效果。结果表明,免疫后欧洲鳗血清抗体效价均明显升高,但菌蜕疫苗(ETG)组与福尔马林灭活疫苗(FKC)组间血清抗体效价无显著性差异。欧洲鳗注射、口服、浸泡ETG组的相对免疫保护率分别为75.0%、52.5%、37.5%,分别高于FKC组的55.0%、40.0%、32.5%,且ETG组欧洲鳗死亡时间明显推后,表明菌蜕疫苗的免疫保护效果优于福尔马林灭活疫苗。易操作、对鱼体应激少的ETG疫苗口服免疫欧洲鳗获得了52.5%的免疫保护率,在预防鳗鲡爱德华菌病中具有良好的应用前景。     

养殖大菱鲆病原菌迟缓爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定及其疫苗研制

2006年9月山东胶南某养殖场大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)发生病害,从患病大菱鲆脾脏分离出优势菌株WY28,人工感染试验证实WY28菌株对大菱鲆和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)有较强的致病性,其对大菱鲆和斑马鱼的半数致死剂量(LD50)分别为39cfu/g(Bw)(3.3×102cfu/ind)和2.1×104cfu/g(Bw)(6.4×103cfu/ind).综合该菌在形态与生理生化特征及16S rDNA同源性等方面的实验结果,确定WY28菌株为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda).该菌对先锋霉素V、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、痢特灵等抗生素敏感.WY28菌株经福尔马林灭活制成灭活疫苗,对大菱鲆进行腹腔注射免疫,免疫后第4周测得免疫鱼血清中抗迟缓爱德华氏菌的抗体效价平均为1:1 280.免疫后第6周.免疫鱼血清中抗迟缓爱德华氏菌的抗体效价达到更高水平(平均值为1:3 289.6).攻毒试验表明,受免鱼的相对存活率明显高于对照组.由此可见,利用从病鱼体内分离的迟缓爱德华氏菌菌株制备的灭活疫苗能使大菱鲆较有效抵御迟缓爱德华氏菌强毒株的攻击.     

鳗鲡病原性嗜水气单胞菌与爱德华氏菌二联表达外膜蛋白的免疫原性

采用鳗鲡源嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)外膜蛋白基因二联表达产物免疫日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica),检测其对日本鳗鲡免疫功能的影响及其攻毒免疫保护力。将150尾日本鳗鲡平均分为PBS、细菌免疫和外膜蛋白免疫3个组,3组鳗鲡分别以PBS(0.01 mol/L,p H7.4)、嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌二联灭活苗(5.0×108 CFU/m L)、嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白二联表达产物(500μg/m L)腹腔注射0.2 m L。于免疫后14、21和28 d麻醉鳗鲡采血并分离抗凝血。测定3个时间点鳗鲡血浆中特异性抗体效价和同时期鳗鲡血浆、体表黏液、肝和肾组织匀浆液中的溶菌酶含量,同时检测3个时间点鳗鲡全血细胞的转化水平。免疫后28 d,嗜水气单胞菌和迟缓爱德华氏菌分别腹腔注射感染3组鳗鲡并测定其相对免疫保护率。结果表明,免疫后14 d和28 d,灭活菌和外膜蛋白免疫组的抗体水平均极显著高于PBS组(P0.01)。溶菌酶检测结果表明,不同处理组不同时间段血清、黏液和肝肾组织悬液的溶菌酶含量存在显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)差异。免疫后14 d灭活菌组全血细胞转化水平显著高于PBS和外膜蛋白组(P0.05),而21 d两个免疫组则均显著低于PBS组(P0.05)。活菌感染结果表明,灭活菌和外膜蛋白免疫后28 d对两株病原菌的攻毒相对免疫保护率均比PBS组提高了50%(P0.05)。本研究结果表明鳗鲡源嗜水气单胞菌和迟缓爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白二联表达产物免疫日本鳗鲡后可提高鳗鲡的免疫功能及其对这两株菌的抵抗力,从而可能应用于鳗鲡基因工程疫苗的研发。     

“大菱鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌活疫苗”获批兽药产品批准文号并投入应用

<正>迟钝爱德华氏菌引起的腹水病是海水养殖鲆鲽类的一种严重病害,给我国大菱鲆养殖业带来了严重损失。通过863计划海洋技术领域五年的支持,华东理工大学科研团队通过病原基因组和致病机制的基础研究、高效疫苗分子设计和评价的关键技术、疫苗应用规程和规模示范的疫苗开发全链条创新,研制出针对迟钝爱德华氏菌的大菱鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌活疫苗(EIBAV1株),并于2015年获颁国家新兽药一类注册证书。这是我国注册的第一个海水养殖动物活疫苗,也是世界上第一个获得政府许可的针对迟钝爱德华氏菌的鱼用疫苗。2016年12     

腹水病(Virulent ascitesosis disease)和溃烂病(Ulcer disease)致病病原四联疫苗制备及免疫牙鲆效果评价

腹水病和溃烂病是海水工厂化养殖牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）危害严重的疾病。作者用本实验室分离鉴定的腹水病、溃烂病致病菌-迟缓爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella tarda,Et）、溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus,Val）、杀鲑气单胞菌（Aeromonas salmonicida,As）和同行实验室赠予的鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum,Van）制备灭活菌苗,设计四种不同配比四联疫苗,按正交试验要求,分别腹腔注射接种免疫牙鲆,检测单抗原抗体效价,统计分析筛选出组合合理的四联疫苗,配比为Et：Val：Van：As=2：1：1：2,并进行了疫苗安全性、稳定性评价及免疫牙鲆效果观察。发现该四联疫苗是安全的,稳定的,可在4℃下存放1年以上活性不降低,能有效刺激牙鲆特异性免疫系统产生免疫应答,免疫后7天血清抗体效价明显升高,免疫后14d血清抗体效价达到最高水平,为2^10;人工攻毒试验测定相对免疫保护率为60％。表明,筛选出的牙鲆腹水病和溃烂病四联疫苗安全有效,可同时预防腹水病、溃烂病的发生和流行。     

鲖爱德华菌口服疫苗对斑点鲖的免疫效果

为评价鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗对斑点鲖的免疫效果,实验以天然高分子聚合物海藻酸钠和鲖爱德华菌灭活疫苗为材料,制备鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗。将实验动物随机分为鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗组、鲖爱德华菌灭活疫苗组、空微球组和对照组,以拌料口服方式进行免疫,通过检测血清中溶菌酶活力、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、补体替代途径(ACH50)活性等非特异性免疫指标,抗体效价以及相对免疫保护率评价疫苗免疫效果,采用荧光定量PCR检测口服疫苗对斑点鲖免疫相关基因表达量的影响。结果显示,鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗能够较长时间增强斑点鲖非特异性免疫功能;血清凝集效价于第5周达到峰值,为1∶16,免疫后第7周仍可检测到特异性抗体;口服鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗的斑点鲖获得的抗鲖爱德华菌相对免疫保护率为60.7%,远高于灭活疫苗组(14.3%)及空微球组(10.7%);荧光定量分析结果显示,攻毒后48 h相比攻毒前各免疫基因表达量均有上调,鲖爱德华菌微球疫苗对受免鱼肾脏、脾脏中免疫基因的表达影响尤为明显。结果表明,鲖爱德华菌口服微球疫苗能增强斑点鲖非特异性免疫功能,对鲖爱德华菌病起到一定的预防作用。     

大菱鲆源杀鱼爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella piscicida)的分离鉴定

从患腹水病大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus的肝脏中分离到一株优势细菌G1,经人工感染实验表明G1为引发大菱鲆腹水病的致病菌,且半致死浓度为LD50=1.21×105 CFU·g-1。采用常规的生理生化鉴定方法及分子生物学方法对G1进行分析,结果表明,G1的16SrRNA基因序列与杀鱼爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella piscicida的同源性达100%,系统发育分析表明菌株G1与杀鱼爱德华氏菌分支聚为一支,结合生理生化鉴定结果确定G1为杀鱼爱德华氏菌。药敏试验表明菌株G1对头孢曲松、环丙氟哌酸、左氧氟沙星等8种抗菌药物高度敏感。     

迟缓爱德华氏菌及鱼类迟缓爱德华氏菌病研究进展

为较全面的认识迟缓爱德华氏菌及其引发的鱼类迟缓爱德华氏菌病,有效的鉴定、防治与控制迟缓爱德华氏菌的感染,对迟缓爱德华氏菌生物学特性及其致病力、鉴定方法、免疫控制等方面做如下综述。     

牙鲆腹水病病原及免疫学防治效果初步研究

从患有腹水病的牙鲆体内和体表分离纯化菌株,经人工感染实验,证实分离的病原菌为腹水病的致病菌,通过形态学和理化特性研究,确定该病原菌为迟钝爱德华氏菌.用较强毒力的菌株制作福尔马林灭活疫苗,对牙鲆进行3种途径免疫接种,测定血清凝集抗体效价和免疫保护力,3种免疫途径中以腹腔注射效果最佳,免疫保护力达88%.     

养殖大菱鲆爱德华氏菌病的研究

2004年5月至2005年9月间,先后对潍坊、烟台、威海和青岛等沿海区域养殖的大菱鲆自然发生的6宗爱德华氏菌感染病例进行了流行病学、病原分离鉴定和组织病理学等方面的调查研究。根据分离菌株的形态、生理生化特性,并结合16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为迟钝爱德华氏菌 (Edwardsiella tarda)。人工感染实验证实该菌为大菱鲆爱德华氏菌病的致病菌。大菱鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌病具有急性和慢性两种感染形式。迟钝爱德华氏菌感染可引起大菱鲆肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、肠、鳃、皮肤等器官组织发生不同程度的病理变化,其显著特点是单核巨噬细胞增生,使得各器官组织出现巨噬细胞浸润现象。病鱼的组织病理变化以肾脏最为明显,包括巨噬细胞大量增生,多发性局灶坏死伴有渗出性炎症反应以及肉芽肿的产生;肾脏外观则显示异常膨大,正常组织转变为白色脓疡或豆腐渣状。本文属国内首次报道爱德华氏菌感染大菱鲆致病,为该鱼类的健康养殖和疾病防治提供参考和依据。 关键词：大菱鲆;迟钝爱德华氏菌;细菌鉴定;组织病理学;16S rDNA     

Characterization of Edwardsiella tarda strains isolated from turbot, Psetta maxima (L.)

The biochemical, serological and molecular characteristics of a group of 21 Edwardsiella tarda strains isolated from turbot, Psetta maxima, in two different areas of Europe were analysed and compared with a total of 13 strains of this bacterial species with different geographical and host origins. All the turbot isolates were biochemically identical to the E. tarda strains included as reference. The use of different techniques including microagglutination, dot blot and Western blot of lipopolysaccharides allowed us to determine that all the turbot isolates constitute an homogeneous and distinctive serological group. Genetic analysis by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that although the E. tarda strains from turbot were compiled in a unique group using the primers P3 and P6, two clonal lineages could be detected when oligonucleotides P4 and P5 were employed.     

发病鲆鲽类分离菌株的16S rRNA基因测序分析

细菌性疾病是中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的主要病害,为全面了解病原菌种类,本研究对1999~2012年从山东、江苏、河北、天津等沿海地区养殖场发病鲆鲽鱼类中分离得到的124株优势菌株进行了16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析。将基因序列与GenBank核酸序列数据库进行相似度比对分析,结果显示,有83株与弧菌属(Vibriosp.)细菌相似度最高,11株与气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)细菌相似度最高,4株与爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella sp.)细菌相似度最高,26株为其他15种属的细菌。根据系统发育学分析结果,进一步将66株菌鉴定为16个种,优势种为溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(E.tarda)。选择其中的9株鳗弧菌和4株迟缓爱德华氏菌进行人工感染实验,结果显示,其中7株鳗弧菌和3株迟缓爱德华氏菌对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)有较强的致病性。研究结果可为阐明中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的流行病发生历史、病原种类、病原监测及疾病控制提供重要参考。     

拥挤胁迫对已接种疫苗的大菱鲆部分免疫和应激指标的影响

通过对3个养殖初始密度(低、中、高密度组分别为5、10、20 kg/m~2)的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)接种减毒迟缓爱德华氏菌疫苗,观察其血液、脾脏、头肾、鳃和皮肤中部分免疫和应激指标的变化规律,研究经接种疫苗操作后大菱鲆应对拥挤胁迫的应激响应。结果显示,低密度养殖的白细胞介素(1L-1β)、补体(C3)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、溶菌酶(LZM)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)等免疫指标显著高于中、高密度组(P0.05),高密度组血液中皮质醇的含量高于中、低密度组(P0.05);通过基因表达分析发现,高密度组的热休克蛋白(HSP70)表达量显著高于中、低密度组;低密度组的免疫球蛋白M(IGM)表达量高于中、高密度组。研究表明,为提高大菱鲆的免疫效果、减少应激反应,可以采用低密度(5 kg/m~2)养殖。     

Effect of the residuum extract of Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus on non-specific immunity in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   To determine the effects of Siberian ginseng residuum extract (SG-RE) Eleutherococcus senticosus on non-specific immunity in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , the fish were provided either a commercial diet or a diet supplemented with Siberian ginseng (3 and 7%) for 8 weeks. The fish that were fed a diet supplemented with 3% SG-RE exhibited improved non-specific immunity, not only cellular responses such as phagocytic activity and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by anterior-kidney leukocytes, but also humoral response such as lysozyme activity in the serum and skin mucus. Moreover, the fish that were provided SG-RE developed resistance to Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum infection.     

抗迟缓爱德华菌单克隆抗体的应用

检测了抗迟缓爱德华菌单抗对牙鲆的保护性。从１０株自制单抗中筛选出一株对牙鲆具有较强保护性的单抗３Ｆ７。与仅以该菌感染的对照组相比,该抗体可显著提高牙鲆感染迟缓爱德华菌后的存活率。在以每条鱼０．１ｍＬ（１０＾９ＣＦＵ）菌量做攻击保护时,其保护率可达８０％。另外,利用所制单克隆抗体以免疫组织组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法检查了迟缓爱德华菌经腹腔感染牙鲆鱼后细菌的侵染途径,结果显示牙鲆对该菌易感的器官为肝、肾、脾等     

Immune response, growth and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with levamisole supplemented diets for longer duration

The study was to determine the effect of long-term administration of different dosages of levamisole on growth, immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila & Edwardsiella tarda in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with four different dosages of levamisole (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg⁻¹ diet) for 56 days. Different serum biochemical and haematological parameters such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, albumin/globulin ratio, glucose content, leucocytes count; cellular immune parameters including superoxide anion production, phagocytic activities, lymphokine production index; humoural immune parameters including lysozyme, complement and serum bactericidal activities were evaluated after 14 days interval. After 56 days, fish were divided into two subgroups under each treatment group for challenge with pathogens A. hydrophila and E. tarda . The cumulative mortality (%) and agglutinating antibody titre was recorded on 28th day postchallenge. WBC count, phagocytic ratio, lymphokine production index, lysozyme activity and serum bactericidal activity were increased upon administration of levamisole dosages for long term. However, the growth performance and survival against pathogens was not significantly changed over 56 days administration of levamisole. But incorporation of moderate dosage of levamisole for 42 days results better immune response without effect on growth and survival of L. rohita fingerlings.     

诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌和恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌的抗生素后效应

采用试管二倍稀释法测定诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌s6 2 2、恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌 75 1的最小抑菌浓度(MIC) ;采用菌落计数法测定诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌、恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌的抗生素后效应 (PAE)。结果显示 ,诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌s6 2 2在 1/2MIC、1MIC、2MIC和 4MIC浓度时的PAE分别为 :0 .4 7h、0 .76h、1.2 6h和2 .0 5h ;恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌 75 1在 1/2MIC、1MIC、2MIC和 4MIC浓度时的PAE分别为 :0 .2 9h ,0 .4 8h ,1.97h ,2 .30h。结果表明 ,诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星具有明显的PAE ;该结果提示 ,在制定给药方案时可以适当延长给药间隔时间 ,减少给药次数 ,仍能维持抗菌效果。     

Efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.): evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery

The commercial furunculosis vaccine Aquavac Furovac 5 and an autogenous vaccine, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), as shown in challenge tests 120 days post-immunization by injection (relative percentage of survival, RPS = 72-99%). This protective effect lasted for at least 6 months post-immunization at appreciable levels (RPS = 50-52%). Neither the autogenous vaccine nor the commercial vaccine was able to induce significant levels of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in turbot when administered by immersion. Antibody levels were high or moderate in fish vaccinated by injection with the different vaccines and very low in fish vaccinated by immersion. The field results show that delivering an oral boost after the primary vaccination by injection did not enhance protection of turbot against furunculosis and that water-based (autogenous vaccine) and oil adjuvanted (Alpha Ject 1200) vaccines administered by injection conferred similar levels of protection (RPS > 80%) in turbot.     

Pathology of Edwardsiella tarda infection in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)

Macroscopic and histopathological changes in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), in Spain caused by infection with Edwardsiella tarda are described. Eye tumefaction, inflammation, haemorrhages, ascites and the presence of a purulent fluid were the main macroscopic lesions observed. Histopathological lesions were found in the kidney, spleen and liver. In the kidney and spleen these were characterized by a severe apostematous inflammatory reaction, with a large number of abscesses. The liver was affected to a lesser degree and only some phagocytes loaded with bacteria were observed. Ultrastructural observations indicated that macrophages were the main cell type implicated in the inflammatory response. Most of the bacteria observed within the phagocyte cytoplasm showed no degenerative changes and some were dividing. Degenerative changes observed in macrophages indicate their failure in preventing the infection.