A-Axis--Oriented YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 Superlattices

A modulated structure has been fabricated from high transition temperature superconductors where the individual CuO(2) planes are composed of alternating superconducting and insulating strips. This structure is made by growing a-axis-oriented YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) superlattices by 90 degrees off-axis sputtering on (100)SrTiO(3) and (100)LaAlO(3) substrates. Superlattice modulation is observed to a modulation wavelength of 24 angstroms (12 angstroms-YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/12 angstroms-PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)), both by x-ray diffraction and by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy indicates a high degree of crystalline perfection with a channeling minimum yield of 3 percent. Quasi-one-dimensional conductivity should be obtainable in these structures.     

三元甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸-铜(Ⅱ)-多吡啶配合物SOD活性及电化学性质

应用改进的氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光照还原法研究了甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸-铜(Ⅱ)-多吡啶型配合物:[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Phen)].3H2O(1)、[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Tatp)].2H2O(2)、[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Dppz)].2H2O(3)[其中:Gly-L-Val=甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸;Phen=1,10-邻菲咯啉;Tatp=1,4,8,9-四氮三联苯;Dppz=二吡啶并(3,2-a:2′,3′-c)吩嗪]在水溶液中催化超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)歧化分解活性,并用循环伏安法研究了配合物的电化学性质.结果表明:3种配合物均具有良好的SOD活性,表观催化速率常数分别为1.03×107、0.96×107和0.79×107L.mol-1.s-1.     

Role of deep cloud convection in the ozone budget of the troposphere

Convective updrafts in thunderstorms prolong the lifetime of ozone (O(3)) and its anthropogenic precursor NOx [nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))] by carrying these gases rapidly upward from the boundary layer into a regime where the O(3) production efficiency is higher, chemical destruction is slower, and surface deposition is absent. On the other hand, the upper troposphere is relatively rich in O(3) and NOx from natural sources such as downward transport from the stratosphere and lightning; convective overturning conveys the O(3) and NOx toward the Earth's surface where these components are more efficiently removed from the atmosphere. Simulations with a three-dimensional global model suggest that the net result of these counteractive processes is a 20 percent overall reduction in total tropospheric O(3). However, the net atmospheric oxidation efficiency is enhanced by 10 to 20 percent.     

Synthesis of inorganic fullerene-like molecules

The reaction of [Cp*Fe(eta5-P5)] with Cu(I)Cl in solvent mixtures of CH2Cl2/CH3CN leads to the formation of entirely inorganic fullerene-like molecules of the formula [[Cp*Fe(eta5:eta1:eta1:eta1:eta1:eta1-P5)]12[CuCl]10[Cu2Cl3]5[Cu(CH3CN)2]5] (1) possessing 90 inorganic core atoms. This compound represents a structural motif similar to that of C60: cyclo-P5 rings of [Cp*Fe(eta5-P5)] molecules are surrounded by six-membered P4Cu2 rings that result from the coordination of each of the phosphorus lone pairs to CuCl metal centers, which are further coordinated by P atoms of other cyclo-P5 rings. Thus, five- and six-membered rings alternate in a manner comparable to that observed in the fullerene molecules. The so-formed half shells are joined by [Cu2Cl3]- as well as by [Cu(CH3CN)2]+ units. The spherical body has an inside diameter of 1.25 nanometers and an outside diameter of 2.13 nanometers, which is about three times as large as that of C60.     

Prion domain initiation of amyloid formation in vitro from native Ure2p

The [URE3] non-Mendelian genetic element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an infectious protein (prion) form of Ure2p, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism. Here, synthetic Ure2p1-65 were shown to polymerize to form filaments 40 to 45 angstroms in diameter with more than 60 percent beta sheet. Ure2p1-65 specifically induced full-length native Ure2p to copolymerize under conditions where native Ure2p alone did not polymerize. Like Ure2p in extracts of [URE3] strains, these 180- to 220-angstrom-diameter filaments were protease resistant. The Ure2p1-65-Ure2p cofilaments could seed polymerization of native Ure2p to form thicker, less regular filaments. All filaments stained with Congo Red to produce the green birefringence typical of amyloid. This self-propagating amyloid formation can explain the properties of [URE3].     

The spin excitation spectrum in superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85)

A comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in the near optimally doped high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85) is presented. The spin correlations in the normal state are commensurate with the crystal lattice, and the intensity is peaked around the wave vector characterizing the antiferromagnetic state of the insulating precursor, YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6). Profound modifications of the spin excitation spectrum appear abruptly below the superconducting transition temperature T(c), where a commensurate resonant mode and a set of weaker incommensurate peaks develop. The data are consistent with models that are based on an underlying two-dimensional Fermi surface, predicting a continuous, downward dispersion relation connecting the resonant mode and the incommensurate excitations. The magnetic incommensurability in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x) system is thus not simply related to that of another high-temperature superconductor, La(2-)(x)Sr(x)CuO(4), where incommensurate peaks persist well above T(c). The temperature-dependent incommensurability is difficult to reconcile with interpretations based on charge stripe formation in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) near optimum doping.     

3-羟基-2,4,6-吡啶三羧酸的原位合成及结构表征

在水热条件下采用硝酸铜和2,4,6-三甲基吡啶为原料合成了两个新的配合物[Cu4（2,4,6-opyta）2（H2O）8]（1）和[Cu4（2,4,6-opyta）2（H2O）6].2H2O（2）,并对配合物的结构进行了X-射线单晶衍射分析.结果表明,两配合物互为超分子异构体,结构中都包含有[Cu2（2,4,6-opyta）2]基本单元,且均结晶于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,其晶胞参数分别为a=7.008 8（9）,b=8.055 0（10）,c=10.979 0（10）,α=73.419（2）°,β=87.934（2）°,γ=85.127（2）°,V=591.86（12）3和a=6.980 2（7）,b=7.067 6（7）,c=13.234 6（14）,α=82.698（2）°,β=76.977（2）°,γ=79.960（2）°,V=623.74（11）3.     

Cu^2＋作用下Fenton氧化处理苯酚废水研究

[目的]寻找Cu2＋存在条件下Fenton氧化处理苯酚模拟废水的最佳条件。[方法]研究不同浓度H2O2、Fe2＋及pH下Cu2＋的存在对Fenton氧化处理苯酚模拟废水的苯酚去除率的影响和对COD降解效果的影响。[结果]在苯酚浓度为250 mg/L,最佳pH为3.0,H2O2浓度为297.5 mg/L,Fe2＋浓度为140 mg/L时,苯酚的最高去除率为94.5%;在此条件下,Cu2＋浓度为40 mg/L时,苯酚最高去除率为97.7%,提高了3.2%。在pH3.0、Cu2＋浓度40 mg/L条件下,分别求得不同Fe2＋/H2O2下的模型条件参数,结果表明Fenton氧化降解苯酚废水符合二级降解动力学反应模型。[结论]适当浓度的Cu2＋可提高Fenton氧化降解苯酚废水的效率。Fenton氧化降解苯酚废水符合二级降解动力学反应模型。     

Crystal Structure of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, a 125 K Superconductor

There is now a new series of high-temperature superconductors that may be represented as (A(III)O)(2)A(2)(II)Can-1CunO2+2n where A(III) is Bi or Tl, A(II) is Ba or Sr, and n is the number of Cu-O sheets stacked consecutively. There is a general trend toward higher transition temperatures as n increases. The highest n value for a bulk phase is three and is found when A(III) is Tl. This compound, Tl(2)Ba(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(10), has the highest transition temperature( approximately 125 K) of any presently known bulk superconductor. The structure of Tl(2)Ba(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(10) has been determined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data and is tetragonal, with a = 3.85 A and c = 35.9 A. No superstructure is observed, and the material is essentially twin-free. Electron microscopy in the Tl/Ba/Ca/Cu/O system has revealed intergrowths where n = 5; such regions may well be responsible for the superconducting onset behavior observed in this system at about 140 K.     

A New High-Temperature Superconductor: Bi2Sr3-x Cax Cu2O8+y

A new superconductor that displays onset behavior near 120 K has been identified as Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y), with x ranging from about 0.4 to 0.9. Single crystal x-ray diffraction data were used to determine a pseudo-tetragonal structure based on an A-centered orthorhombic subcell with a = 5.399 A, b= 5.414A, and c = 30.904 A. The structure contains copper-oxygen sheets as in La(2)CuO(4) and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7), but the copper-oxygen chains present in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) do not occur in Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y). The structure is made up of alternating double copper-oxygen sheets and double bismuth-oxygen sheets. There are Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) cations between the adjacent Cu-O sheets; Sr(2+) cations are also found between the Cu-O and Bi-O sheets. Electron microscopy studies show an incommensurate superstructure along the a axis that can be approximated by an increase of a factor of 5 over the subcell dimension. This superstructure is also observed by x-ray diffraction on single crystals, but twinning can make it appear that the superstructure is along both a and b axes. Flux exclusion begins in our samples at about 116 K and is very strong by 95 K. Electrical measurements on a single crystal of Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y) show a resistivity drop at about 116 K and apparent zero resistivity at 91 K.     

The magnon pairing mechanism of superconductivity in cuprate ceramics

The magnon pairing mechanism is derived to explain the high-temperature superconductivity of both the La2-xSrxCu(1)O(4) and Y(1)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7) systems. Critical features include (i) a one- or two-dimensional lattice of linear Cu-O-Cu bonds that contribute to large antiferromagnetic (superexchange) coupling of the Cu(II)(d(9)) orbitals; (ii) holes in the oxygen ppi bands [rather than Cu(III)(d(8))] leading to high mobility hole conduction; and (iii) strong ferromagnetic coupling between oxygen ppi holes and adjacent Cu(II)(d(9)) electrons. The ferromagnetic coupling of the conduction electrons with copper d spins induces the attractive interaction responsible for the superconductivity, leading to triplet-coupled pairs called "tripgems." The disordered Heisenberg lattice of antiferromagnetically coupled copper d spins serves a role analogous to the phonons in a conventional system. This leads to a maximum transition temperature of about 200 K. For La(1.85)Sr(0.15)Cu(1)O(4), the energy gap is in excellent agreement with experiment. For Y(1)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7), we find that both the CuO sheets and the CuO chains can contribute to the supercurrent.     

草莓果实发育过程中矿质元素含量分析

【目的】为了探明矿质元素含量与草莓果实成熟的相互关系。【方法】采集草莓果实发育七个时期(小绿、大绿、褪绿、白果、片红、全红)的样品用HNO3-H2O2混合酸液消解,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对样品Ca、K、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn、Cu元素含量的变化规律进行研究。【结果】结果表明,根据草莓果实矿质元素含量的多少,8种元素可分为大量营养元素(K、Ca、Mg)和微量营养元素(Fe、Na、Mn、Zn、Cu),其中K含量最高,小绿期最高达到11.1mg/g DW,成熟时约为8.3mg/g DW,但K、Ca、Mg元素果实发育后期呈现整体下降趋势。Fe是含量最高的微量元素,整体呈下降趋势。Na元素含量先下降后上升再下降,在草莓发育着色开始阶段迅速上升。Zn、Cu含量较少,草莓果实发育过程中两元素含量变化趋势一致。总之,微波消解电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测得的各元素回收率在98%~104%之间,精密度(RSD%)低于5%,灵敏度高,干扰少,线性范围广,检出速度快。【结论】Na元素可能与草莓果实着色启动密切相关。     

原子吸收法测定双黄连口服液中微量元素

[目的]测定双黄连口服液中微量元素Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量。[方法]利用湿法消化处理样品,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn含量,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定Pb、Cd含量。[结果]双黄连口服液中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Cd含量分别为0.418 7、4.852 0、3.687 3、5.304 7、0.553 5、0.022 1 mg/L,其中Cu、Pb、Cd含量均未超标,可以安全服用。[结论]利用原子吸收法测定双黄连口服液中的微量元素含量结果准确、可靠,该方法可用于其他中成药口服液中微量元素的测定。     

An Explanation for Symmetry-Induced Isotopic Fractionation in Ozone

Application of a theory of nuclear symmetry-based reaction restrictions to the O2 + O --> O3 reaction provides a potential explanation for the symmetry-induced isotopic enrichment observed for laboratory and atmospherically produced O3. Within this theory, the rate of formation of O3 from collisions of O and isotopically homonuclear O2 depends on whether the O2 molecule is in an f (allowed) or an e (restricted) parity label state. The restriction can be relaxed by various potential energy surface coupling terms, and the assumption that approximately 78 percent of the restricted O2(e) levels produce O3 with the same efficiency as the allowed O2(f) levels can account for laboratory-observed isotopic fractionation. In particular, the theory explains the special enhanced formation of the completely asymmetric isotopomer 16O17O18O.     

丁香酸金属铜配合物的合成·表征及其抗内毒素作用研究

[目的]合成丁香酸金属铜配合物,比较丁香酸及其配合物的抗内毒素活性。[方法]在无水乙醇溶液中制备了丁香酸（H2SA）与铜（Cu2＋）的金属配合物,并通过紫外（UV）、红外（IR）和元素分析对配合物进行了表征,同时采用鲎试验法定量测定并比较二者对内毒素的破坏率。[结果]丁香酸金属铜配合物的组成为（C9H8O5）Cu·H2O。1.25mg/ml丁香酸水溶液对内毒素的破坏率为83.03%,而同浓度的丁香酸铜配合物水溶液的破坏率为86.60%。[结论]铜离子同时与丁香酸中羧基和羟基的氧原子配位,形成1∶1型的配合物,其抗内毒素活性较配体有所增强。     

高温热化法制备磷脂酰胆碱方法研究

[目的]用高温热化法来制备磷脂酰胆碱。[方法]将磷脂原料高温加热,使所有非胆碱磷脂降解,然后用丙酮处理磷脂原料热化物,沉淀出包含磷脂酰胆碱在内的丙酮不溶物(AI),接着用乙醇处理AI,离心分离,得墨黑色乙醇可溶物(ES)溶液,最后对ES溶液进行脱色,得磷脂酰胆碱产品,采用氧化铝层层析、活性炭多次吸附、氧化铝二次吸附、活性炭吸附结合氧化铝吸附几种方法对ES溶液进行脱色,并进行比较研究。[结果]结果表明:这几种脱色方法对产品的品质都有不同程度的改善,不同的脱色方法所得产品的PC有很大差别。[结论]氧化铝层层析法对ES溶液脱色效果最好,其产品的PC含量可达90%以上。     

重金属离子对裸体方格星虫的急性毒性试验

[目的]研究Cu2＋和Hg2＋对裸体方格星虫的急性毒性。[方法]采集裸体方格星虫于实验室暂养3～4 d后,选用健康和规格一致个体进行试验。分别选用Cu2＋浓度为0.350、0.408、0.477、0.556和0.649 mg/L,Hg2＋浓度为0.400、0.480、0.576、0.691和0.829 mg/L进行急性毒性试验。[结果]裸体方格星虫对Cu2＋和Hg2＋的耐药性均随试验时间延长而缓慢降低。Hg2＋对裸体方格星虫24和48 h半致死浓度分别为0.615和0.374 mg/L,Cu2＋对裸体方格星虫24和48 h半致死浓度分别为0.497和0.407 mg/L。[结论]Cu2＋和Hg2＋均对裸体方格星虫具有毒性效应。     

青海耕层土壤微量元素含量分析

[目的]为贵德县土壤微肥科学施用、作物合理布局和配方肥的确定提供基础数据。[方法]采用姜黄素比色法和原子吸收分光光度法,测定贵德县376个耕层土壤微量元素含量。[结果]贵德县有效微量元素平均含量B为0．339mg／kg,Cu为0．688mg／kg,Fe为3．798mg／kg,Mn为13．145mg／kg,Zn为2．554mg／kg,其中Fe、B含量缺乏,Cu、Mn含量适中,zn含量丰富。[结论]不同乡镇耕层土壤有效微量元素丰缺程度差异明显。不同土壤中有效微量元素含量之间差异不明显。     

Cu2+胁迫对罗氏沼虾血清中抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

[目的]研究Cu2+胁迫对罗氏沼虾血清中抗氧化和免疫指标的影响,为其养殖环境的调控提供科学依据.[方法]设置0(对照组)和100μg/L(胁迫组)两个Cu2+浓度,分别在罗氏沼虾受Cu2+胁迫后的0、3、6、12、24和48 h取样,分离血清,测定血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力.[结果]在Cu2+胁迫的3~12 h,罗氏沼虾血清中T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05,下同),并在12 h达峰值,胁迫后24和48 h显著下降;与对照组相比,CAT活力在胁迫3 h时显著升高,6 h时显著下降,12 h时又显著上升并达峰值,之后又逐渐降低,并在48 h时显著低于对照组;胁迫组罗氏沼虾血清中MDA含量在整个胁迫过程中呈先升高后略有降低的变化趋势,且在各时间点均显著高于对照组;ACP活力在胁迫后6和12 h显著升高,24和48 h时降至初始水平;AKP活力在胁迫3~12 h内无显著变化(P>0.05),胁迫后24和48 h显著降低.[结论]Cu2+胁迫导致罗氏沼虾脂质过氧化发生,机体通过调节抗氧化系统抵御Cu2+胁迫,抗氧化和免疫指标的变化具有一定时间效应,其中T-AOC、CAT活力和MDA含量对Cu2+胁迫较敏感,在胁迫短时间内即被显著诱导,可作为Cu2+污染的潜在生物指示物.     

Epitaxial and Smooth Films of a-Axis YBa2Cu3O7

YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) films have been grown epitaxially on SrTiO(3) (100) and LaAlO(3) (100) substrates with nearly pure a-axis orientation and with transition temperature T(c) (R = 0) of 85 K. A unique feature of these films is their smooth surface. These smooth surfaces enable the growth of short-period superlattices with well-defined modulations. The films are untwinned and the grains grow with their c-axis along one of two perpendicular directions on the substrate ([100] or [010]). The fabrication of sandwich-type Josephson junctions with good characteristics may now be possible because unlike c-axis-oriented films, the superconducting coherence length of these smooth films is appreciably large perpendicular to their surfaces.