速生杨木单板染色阻燃性能研究

为研究酸性染料和无机阻燃剂同步处理对杨木单板性能的影响,用酸性大红3R染料和BL-阻燃剂对杨木进行染色阻燃,采用单因素法,探讨染色阻燃工艺参数对单板上染率、色差、载药率和氧指数的影响。结果表明:随浸渍温度的升高,上染率和色差均呈先增大后减小趋势,载药率和氧指数增大;随浸渍时间的延长,上染率和色差呈增大趋势,载药率和氧指数先迅速后缓慢增加;随酸性大红3R浓度的增加,上染率和色差先增大后减小,载药率和氧指数呈先缓慢后迅速减小趋势;阻燃剂的添加促进了单板上染率,随阻燃剂浓度的增加上染率呈先增大后逐渐减小的趋势,色差逐渐增大,载药率和氧指数都增大。     

Blood-brain barrier: penetration of morphine, codeine, heroin, and methadone after carotid injection

Labeled morphine, codeine, heroin, or methadone was injected as a bolus into the common carotid artery of the rat, and the rat was decapitated 15 seconds later. The brain uptake of the drug was calculated by measurement of the brain content of the drug as a percentage of a labeled, highly diffusible reference substance simultaneously injected. The uptake of morphine was below measurability; the uptake of codeine was 24 percent; heroin, 68 percent; and methadone, 42 percent. Brain uptakes of morphine and codeine were also studied after intravenous injection and correlated well with uptakes after carotid injection; the uptake of codeine being nearly complete by 30 seconds. These studies indicate that brain uptake of certain of these drugs is very rapid and that uptake of heroin injected intravenously is probably limited by the regional flow of blood in the brain. The possible relation of this rapid penetration of the blood-brain barrier by heroin to its strongly addictive properties is discussed.     

小麦蚕豆间作系统中的氮钾营养对小麦锈病发生的影响*

 田间小区试验表明：小麦/蚕豆间作系统中，间作有提高小麦氮吸收量的趋势。在低氮水平条件下间作优势和边行优势突出，间作平均提高小麦氮的吸收量2.33%～44.88%，边行优势平均为3.49%～66.66%；高肥料投入水平条件下，间作优势和边行优势减弱。随着氮肥投入水平的提高，小麦氮的吸收量也随之提高，而增施钾肥不能明显提高小麦氮的吸收量。间作和不同的施氮水平均不能明显提高小麦钾的吸收量，但增施钾肥有提高小麦钾吸收量的趋势。小麦/蚕豆间作可以明显降低小麦锈病的发生，间作相对防效达22.2%～100%,增施钾肥平均降低小麦锈病46.15%～59.1%。锈病的发生与小麦体内的氮素营养呈极显著的正相关关系，相关系数为r=0.747^** ～0.7822^**，与钾素营养没有明显的相关关系。     

Air Pollution and Forest Decline in a Spruce (Picea abies) Forest

Symptoms of forest decline of spruce in Europe range from needle yellowing and loss to tree and stand mortality. In a study area in northeast Bavaria, West Germany, where forest decline was initially detected, exposure to high concentrations of gaseous pollutants, SO(2,) NO(x,) and ozone has had no long-lasting direct effect on needles, and pathogens have only been secondary agents. Deposition of sulfur, nitrate, and ammonium, however, have significantly modified plant nutrition and soil chemistry. Spruce roots apparently take up ammonium rather than nitrate with an antagonistic effect on uptake of Mg. Nitrate left in the soil solution is leached together with sulfate to ground water, accelerating soil acidification and decreasing Ca/Al and Mg/Al ratios in the soil solution. Soil solution chemistry affects root development, and water and nutrient uptake. Had all nutrients become equally deficient, spruce trees probably could have adjusted by retarding their growth. However, canopy uptake of atmospheric nitrogen in addition to root uptake stimulated growth and caused a nitrogen to cation imbalance to develop; this imbalance resulted in the decline symptoms.     

FGF-21促进HepG2细胞摄取葡萄糖研究

肝脏是代谢的中枢性器官,在糖脂代谢中扮演重要角色。FGF-21是近年来发现的一种治疗糖尿病新型药物,研究其对肝脏糖代谢影响及机制将为FGF-21成药性提供理论依据。以Hep G2细胞为肝细胞模型,探究FGF-21对Hep G2细胞葡萄糖吸收影响及作用机制。FGF-21处理Hep G2细胞,采用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶(GOD-POD)法检测细胞对葡萄糖摄取情况,并检查胰岛素与FGF-21协同作用,蒽酮法检测细胞内糖原含量,半定量和实时荧光定量PCR检测FGF-21对葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUTs)m RNA表达影响。结果表明,FGF-21可促进Hep G2细胞摄取葡萄糖,与胰岛素具有一定协同作用,增加糖原合成。半定量PCR结果显示在FGF-21作用下,仅GLUT1m RNA表达有所增加。实时荧光定量PCR检测FGF-21作用时间对GLUT1 m RNA表达量影响,发现FGF-21作用6 h时GLUT1 m RNA表达量倍数增加最大。说明FGF-21可通过增加GLUT1 m RNA表达促进Hep G2细胞消耗葡萄糖,参与糖原合成。     

The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans

Planktonic uptake of some essential metals results in extraordinarily low concentrations in surface seawater. To sequester or take up these micronutrients, various microorganisms apparently release strong complexing agents and catalyze redox reactions that modify the bioavailability of trace metals and promote their rapid cycling in the upper water column. In turn, the low availability of some metals controls the rate of photosynthesis in parts of the oceans and the transformation and uptake of major nutrients such as nitrogen. The extremely low concentrations of several essential metals are both the cause and the result of ultraefficient uptake systems in the plankton and of widespread replacement of metals by one another for various biochemical functions.     

Neuroscience. An antibiotic to treat Alzheimer's?

An antibiotic once used to treat traveler's diarrhea might battle Alzheimer's disease as well, researchers announced here last week at the Society for Neuroscience's annual meeting. The drug dissolves Alzheimer's-like plaques in mouse brains, apparently by trapping the copper and zinc that stud these deposits. A clinical trial to test whether the drug helps people with Alzheimer's is already under way.     

North atlantic deep-sea fertility

Observations have been made on two cruises in the North Atlantic in which large numbers of microscopic, unicellular flagellates have been found throughout the aphotic zone below 1000 meters. Preliminary measurements also indicate the uptake of dissolved organic substances, suggestive of an apparently viable, actively metabolizing community at these depths.     

Blood-brain neutral amino acid transport activity is increased after portacaval anastomosis

In rats after portacaval anastomosis (an animal model of chronic liver disease), transport of tryptophan and other members of the large neutral amino acid group from blood to brain was markedly enhanced. Increased transport activity was apparently restricted to the neutral amino acid transport system, since brain uptake of glucose, inulin, and tyramine was unaffected while blood-brain arginine transport was significantly reduced. These results strikingly confirm the hypothesis that carrier-mediated blood-brain transport is the limiting factor determining the availability of the neutral amino acids to the brain. The encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis may be the result of abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotransmission secondary to increased neutral amino acid transport activity and an increased brain content of members of the neutral amino acid group.     

接种蚯蚓及植物促生根际细菌对甘蓝生长·营养元素吸收的影响

[目的]为阐明混合接种蚯蚓及植物促生根际细菌技术在蔬菜生产中的作用。[方法]采用室内盆栽试验的方法,研究接种蚯蚓、植物促生根际细菌(固氮细菌和钾活化细菌)对甘蓝生长的影响以及甘蓝对氮和钾的吸收。[结果]7种接种方式均明显促进了甘蓝根上部分的生长,其中混合接种蚯蚓、固氮细菌和钾活化细菌处理下甘蓝根上部分生物量最大。5种接种方式(接种蚯蚓、双接蚯蚓和固氮细菌、双接蚯蚓和钾活化细菌、双接钾活化细菌和固氮细菌以及混合接种)下甘蓝地上部分氮的吸收量在0.05水平显著高于对照。[结论]混合接种方式是一种有潜力的生物技术,可以用来减少蔬菜生产中化肥的施用量。     

Cretinism in rats: enduring behavioral deficit induced by tricyanoaminopropene

Rats reared on diets containing tricyanoaminopropene, the antithyroid compound that stimulates RNA synthesis, showed a deficit in performance on automated closed-field maze tests many weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The rats were also tested while still receiving the drug, and performance deficits were indicated in tests of Y-maze reversal and manual closed-field maze performance; rats treated with the drug and with thiouracil behaved in a highly similar fashion on several tasks. No evidence of facilitation by tricyanoaminopropene appeared in any of the eight learning situations used. Exposure to tricyanoaminopropene before and after birth, at doses sufficient to produce anatomical cretinism, apparently induces an enduring behavioral deficit which is similar to that of neonatal thyroidectomy-induced cretinism in rats and which parallels the mental retardation associated with human cretinism.     

有机-中性化技术对镉铅污染土壤春菜生长的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了在镉、铅污染的土壤上，有机-中性化技术对春菜生长以及污染元素(Cd和Pb)吸收的影响。结果表明：石灰(L)．石灰加低量泥炭(LP1)、石灰加高量泥炭(LP2)处理能显著提高pH，显著缓解重金属镉和铅的毒害，明显改善了春菜的生长状况，一定程度上抑制了春菜对土壤中镉、铅的吸收。结果还表明：泥炭总体上并不影响石灰的中性化效果的发挥，在部分情况下还不同程度地加强了中性化效果，但泥炭的用量不是越多越好，有个适用量的问题。     

A selective imidazobenzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol in the rat

Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513, has been found to be a potent antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake into brain vesicles, but it fails to antagonize either pentobarbital- or muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake. Pretreatment of rats with Ro15-4513 blocks the anticonflict activity of low doses of ethanol (but not pentobarbital) as well as the behavioral intoxication observed with higher doses of ethanol. The effects of Ro15-4513 in antagonizing ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake and behavior are completely blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. However, other benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists fail to antagonize the actions of ethanol in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a novel interaction of Ro15-4513 with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel complex. The identification of a selective benzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake in vitro that blocks the anxiolytic and intoxicating actions of ethanol suggests that many of the neuropharmacologic actions of ethanol may be mediated via central GABA receptors.     

Growth retardation in offspring of female rats treated with morphine prior to conception

Treatment of female rats with morphine sulfate for 5(1/2) or 10 days, prior to drug withdrawal for 5 days and subsequent mating, results in retarded growth of offspring. The effect is not present at birth but appears at 3 to 4 weeks of age. It occurs even though offspring are not exposed to morphine in utero or postnatally. It is not eliminated by cross-fostering and is apparently of prenatal origin     

Pharmacologic effects in man of a specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitor

Fluoxetine (Li-ly 110140) caused a 63 percent inhibition of [3H]serotonin uptake into platelets obtained from normal volunteers to whom the drug was administered daily for 7 days. This dose had no effect on the usual pressor response produced by injections of norepinephrine or tyramine.     

Genetic aspects of increase in rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase induced by phenobarbital

In the supernatant fraction of homogenized rat liver, the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase that is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (E.C. 1.2.1.3) is increased up to tenfold after administration of phenobarbital for 3 days. The effect is genetically controlled and is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic. The mechanism is apparently unrelated to other druginduced increases in enzyme activity such as that which occurs in the hepatic microsomal systems for drug metabolism.     

Three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of human apolipoprotein E

Human apolipoprotein E, a blood plasma protein, mediates the transport and uptake of cholesterol and lipid by way of its high affinity interaction with different cellular receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of apoE has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution by x-ray crystallography. The protein forms an unusually elongated (65 angstroms) four-helix bundle, with the helices apparently stabilized by a tightly packed hydrophobic core that includes leucine zipper-type interactions and by numerous salt bridges on the mostly charged surface. Basic amino acids important for LDL receptor binding are clustered into a surface patch on one long helix. This structure provides the basis for understanding the behavior of naturally occurring mutants that can lead to atherosclerosis.     

A magnetic nanoprobe technology for detecting molecular interactions in live cells

Technologies to assess the molecular targets of biomolecules in living cells are lacking. We have developed a technology called magnetism-based interaction capture (MAGIC) that identifies molecular targets on the basis of induced movement of superparamagnetic nanoparticles inside living cells. Efficient intracellular uptake of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (coated with a small molecule of interest) was mediated by a transducible fusogenic peptide. These nanoprobes captured the small molecule's labeled target protein and were translocated in a direction specified by the magnetic field. Use of MAGIC in genome-wide expression screening identified multiple protein targets of a drug. MAGIC was also used to monitor signal-dependent modification and multiple interactions of proteins.     

有机物料影响下土壤溶液铜形态及其有效性研究

研究了盆栽种稻条件下,有机物料对土壤水溶性铜、易解离态铜和可解离态铜含量变化的影响及其与水稻吸铜量之间的关系。结果表明,在分蘖期,当不添加外源铜时,猪粪和泥炭均降低了潮土水溶性铜含量,但没有降低红壤水溶性铜含量。两种有机物料均降低水溶性铜的可解离程度。当添加外源铜时,两种有机物料均显著降低了水溶性铜浓度。到成熟期,在不添加外源铜的情况下,两种有机物料不同程度地提高了水溶性铜含量,但在添加外源铜的情况下,则仍然降低了水溶性铜含量。pH和DOC是影响土壤铜溶解度及形态的主要因素,但在不同条件下,二者的影响程度不同。土壤溶液中3种形态铜含量均与水稻吸铜量呈显著正相关。     

VA菌根菌丝对土壤磷和铜的吸收及其相关性

利用隔网分室盆栽方法,将土壤分为根系吸收区和菌丝吸收区,以白三叶草为供试作物,定量测定了VA菌根菌丝对土壤磷和铜的吸收量及其在植物体内的分布。结果表明,菌根的侵染显著提高了植物对磷和铜的吸收。但提高的程度受菌丝生长区供磷水平的影响。施磷水平提高,菌丝吸磷量明显增加,磷在地上部和根中的分布趋势一致。铜则不同,随施磷量的增加,地上部菌丝贡献率上升,而根中贡献率下降,菌丝吸铜总量也呈下降趋势。说明,菌丝对铜的吸收和运输与磷无密切关系。然而,铜从根部向地上部的运输受植物磷营养状况影响。