四川常羽乌骨鸡群体遗传多样性分析

利用选自家禽基因组的10个微卫星标记,对四川常羽乌骨鸡5个群体(四川山地乌骨鸡白羽系、黑羽系;黄忠山地乌骨鸡;黄忠山地乌骨鸡绿壳蛋系;草科乌骨鸡)的遗传多样性进行了检测,计算了各群体的群体杂合度、群体间遗传距离,并根据遗传距离进行了聚类分析。结果表明所选择的微卫星标记在各群体中表现出较高的多态性;四川5个乌骨鸡群体遗传多样性比较丰富,群体平均杂合度为0.5383到0.6659;各群体间的遗传距离有一定的差异;聚类分析将5个群体聚为三类。     

我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化的微卫星分析

为进一步了解我国绵(山)羊群体的品种特性及其遗传分化,本文利用微卫星标记对我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化进行了分析。采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测乌珠穆沁羊7个微卫星位点,并引用同实验室小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、长江三角洲白山羊(参照群体)的相关资料进行群体遗传分化水平分析。研究表明:7个微卫星位点在乌珠穆沁羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、山羊这6个品种中均存在遗传多态性,各座位等位基因均较丰富。根据标准遗传距离、DA遗传距离以及模糊相容关系进行聚类分析,湖羊与同羊首先聚为一类,乌珠穆沁羊和小尾寒羊聚为一类,然后与滩羊聚为一类,5个绵羊品种最后与山羊相聚。     

利用微卫星标记对四个绵羊品种遗传多样性的初步研究

采用3个微卫星标记，对4个中国地方绵羊品种进行遗传多样性检测。利用POPGENE软件分析了受试羊等位基因频率、等位基因数、有效等位基因数、遗传杂合度。     

Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Nigerian indigenous sheep

Background: Sheep is important in the socio-economic lives of people around the world. It is estimated that more than half of our once common livestock breeds are now endangered. Since genetic characterization of Nigerian sheep is still lacking, we analyzed ten morphological traits on 402 animals and 15 microsatellite DNA markers in 384 animals of the 4 Nigerian sheep breeds to better understand genetic diversity for breeding management and germplasm conservation. Results: Morphological traits of Uda and Balami were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Yankasa, which were both higher than West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed tail length, rump height, chest girth, ear length and chest depth as the most discriminating variables for classification. Mahalanobis distances show the least differentiation between Uda and Balami and the largest between WAD and Balami sheep. While 93.3% of WAD sheep were correctly assigned to their source genetic group, 63.9% of Yankasa, 61.2% of Balami and 45.2% of Uda were classified correctly by nearest neighbour discriminant analysis. The overall high Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of all microsatellite markers ranged from 0.751 to 0.927 supporting their use in genetic characterization. Expected heterozygosity was high for all loci (0.783 to 0.93). Mean heterozygote deficiency across all populations (0.171 to 0.534) possibly indicate significant inbreeding (P < 0.05). Mean values for FST , FIT and FIS statistics across all loci were 0.088, 0.394 and 0.336 respectively. Yankasa and Balami are the most closely related breeds (DA = 0.184) while WAD and Balami are the farthest apart breeds (DA = 0.665), which is coincident with distance based on morphological analysis and population structure assessed by STRUCTURE. Conclusions: These results suggest that within-breed genetic variation in Nigerian sheep is higher than between-breeds and may be a valuable tool for genetic improvement and conservation. The higher genetic variability in Yankasa suggests the presence of unique ancestral alleles reflecting the presence of certain functional genes which may result in better adaptability in more agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. These genetic characteristics are potentially useful in planning improvement and conservation strategies in Nigerian indigenous sheep.     

利用微卫星标记分析乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性

利用微卫星标记分析了乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性和遗传结构,筛选了鸡基因组7条染色体上的7个微卫星标记位点,随机选取24羽乌骨大骨鸡个体,进行多态性检测,共检测到23个等位基因,每个座位等位基因数目从2个到5个不等,平均等位基因数为3.3个。该群体平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度分别为0.660 3和0.717 6。结果表明乌骨大骨鸡属多态性较丰富的群体。     

基于SRAP标记的海雀稗遗传多样性及群体结构分析

采用SRAP标记对来自不同国家的49份海雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum)种质资源遗传多样性进行分析,探讨其群体结构及种质间亲缘关系,为海雀稗种质的开发利用奠定基础.结果表明:从100对引物中共筛选出20对扩增稳定、多态性好的SRAP引物,对49份种质进行PCR扩增,共扩增出169条带,其中多态性条带为118...     

Population genetic structure and diversity of the East Balkan Swine (Sus scrofa) in Bulgaria,revealed by mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses

The East Balkan Swine (EBS) is the only indigenous pig breed in Bulgaria. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 21 microsatellite loci for 198 individuals from 11 farms in Bulgaria. Obtained 11 mtDNA haplotypes including three novel ones were grouped to two major clades, European clade E1 (146/198 individuals, 73.7%) and Asian clade A (52/198, 26.3%). The mixture of the two clades may have resulted from historical crossbreeding between the European and Asian pig breeds. Clade A was frequent in southeastern Bulgaria (Burgas Province), but less frequent or absent in northeastern Bulgaria (Varna and Shumen Provinces). The distribution of Europe- and Asia-specific haplotypes relative to EBS farm locations could be attributed to regional differences of breeding systems (e.g., crossbreeding with imported commercial pigs). A microsatellite analysis showed high heterozygosities for all the EBS farms, and negative inbreeding coefficients presumably due to crossing with commercial pigs or wild boars and/or efforts to reduce inbreeding by farmers. Bayesian clustering analyses showed that all farm populations are genetically well distinguishable from one another. Although diversity has been maintained by the efforts of farmers and a breeding association, the effective population size remains small, and conservation efforts should be continued.     

甘南州蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列的起源及遗传多样性分析

为了研究甘南州蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列起源与遗传多样性,利用文献报道的1对引物对蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列进行PCR扩增及测序,对所得数据进行单倍型、遗传多样性、系统发育树和网络关系分析.分析结果显示,135头蕨麻猪mtDNA D-环序列表现出3种长度变异,其中4个序列长度为1 199 bp,3个序列长度是1 319 bp,127个序列长度为1 219 bp.对127个长度为1 219 bp的序列进行分析,发现83个单倍型.单倍型比例、单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样度和平均核苷酸差异数在卡加曼蕨麻猪最高,而在夏河蕨麻猪为最低.系统发育树和网络关系分析均将83个单倍型分为2个分支,说明蕨麻猪具有2个母系起源.与其他猪种mtDNA D-环序列比较,蕨麻猪与东南沿海野猪有较近的亲缘关系,没有发现东亚与东南亚野猪对蕨麻猪的起源有贡献的证据.     

4个肉用绵羊品种微卫星标记的多态性与系统发育分析

利用10个微卫星座位对4个肉用绵羊品种进行遗传检测,计算出了各品种的平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量及品种间的遗传距离,并进行了系统发育分析。结果表明:10个微卫星座位上共检测到了107个等位基因,等位基因数在5~13个之间。各基因座位多态信息含量为0.498 5~0.890 4,均表现出了高度多态性。各基因座位杂合度较高,为0.563 0~0.899 5,说明肉用绵羊品种有着较丰富的遗传多样性。4个肉用绵羊品种间的遗传距离相对较远,萨福克羊和陶赛特羊先聚在一起,他们之间的遗传距离最近,为0.345 25,然后与夏洛来羊聚在一起,最后与中国美利奴羊聚在一起,中国美利奴羊与夏洛来羊之间的遗传距离最远,为0.516 39。研究结果对我国肉用绵羊资源的评估、保存和预测杂种优势具有一定的指导意义。     

利用微卫星标记分析5个家兔品种内的遗传多样性

本研究利用微卫星标记分析了我国5个家兔品种内的遗传多样性。结果表明:在5个品种中,新西兰兔有效等位基因数最多,为6.545 5;加利福尼亚兔有效等位基因数最少,为3.000。比利时兔平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最大,分别为0.570 4和0.823 3;加利福尼亚兔平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最小,分别为0.499 7和0.589 7。     

利用微卫星DNA标记分析槟榔江水牛群体遗传特征

槟榔江水牛是近年在我国云南西部发现的第一个本土河流型水牛.为了揭示其群体遗传多样性、群体遗传组成、其与河流型和沼泽型水牛的遗传关系及沼泽型水牛对该水牛的基因渗入等重要遗传背景信息,本研究采用30个微卫星DNA标记对141份槟榔江水牛样品和对照群体24份河流型水牛(摩拉水牛)样品、41份沼泽型水牛(滇东南水牛)样品进行了检测分析.结果,在槟榔江水牛群体中共检测到253个等位基因,其中,54个为3个群体所共享的等位基因,58个为只在槟榔江水牛与摩拉水牛间共享的等位基因,73个为只在槟榔江水牛与滇东南水牛间共享的等位基因,其余68个等位基因为该群体所独有.槟榔江水牛平均等位基因数、平均表观杂合度、平均期望杂合度和多态信息含量等参数均显著高于对照组群体,分别为8.433 3、0.640 5、0.600 9和0.594 7.该水牛群体近交系数FIS值为0.061 9.槟榔江水牛与摩拉水牛间的DA遗传距离为最小(0.114 4),在NJ树上聚为一支;而滇东南水牛与槟榔江水牛和摩拉水牛间的遗传距离较大(分别为0.382 9和0.555 3),其在NJ树上单独聚为一支.群体遗传结构分析显示,槟榔江水牛遗传组分为河流型与沼泽型2种类型水牛混合的模式(当K=2时),整个群体中有相当数量的个体存在沼泽型水牛的遗传渗入(群体中沼泽型水牛遗传组分为0.067 2).结果揭示,槟榔江水牛遗传资源独特,群体遗传多样性丰富,但该群体杂合子缺乏,且存在一定沼泽型水牛的基因渗入.     

应用微卫星DNA标记对BWEL-SPF鸡种群的群体遗传学分析

本研究利用14个鸡微卫星DNA标记位点,采用DNA测序仪和荧光素标记分子内标,建立了鸡分子遗传学的检测方法,对F15世代BWEL-SPF鸡种群8个家系群体内和群体间的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,被检位点35.7%(5/14)的基因型趋于纯合,家系内等位基因的变异程度显著降低。F-统计量检验结果表明,家系间的遗传分化均达到了极显著水平(P0.001),群体间的变异占到了总遗传变异的12.9%。     

微卫星标记ILSTS011在3个绵羊品种中的遗传多样性分析

为了分析微卫星标记ILSTS011的遗传多态性,研究以河南省地方绵羊品种大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离微卫星标记的带型.结果表明:在3个绵羊品种中均检测到微卫星标记ILSTS011有3个等位基因,微卫星标记ILSTS011的平均杂合度为0.614 1,平均有效等位基因数为2.614 0,平均多态信息含量为0.551 3.说明ILSTS011为高度多态基因座,可作为有效的遗传标记用于大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊的遗传多样性分析.     

Romilly Hills羊遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用 1 0个微卫星标记对新疆兵团农七师从南非引进的罗米丽 (RomillyHills)绵羊和中国美利奴羊 (新疆军垦型 )遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了两群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数 (E)和平均基因纯合率 ,利用等位基因频率计算出两群体的平均遗传杂合度 (h)、多态信息含量 (PIC)。结果表明 1 0个微卫星位点在RomillyHills羊、中国美利奴羊群体中的平均多态信息含量分别为 0 5952和 0 5859,除BM1 82 4、MAF65外均为高度多态 ,可作为有效的遗传标记用于两品种绵羊遗传多样性分析 ;RomillyHills羊的群体遗传变异大于中国美利奴羊 ,其遗传多样性相对丰富 ,有较大的选育潜力。     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of five Cuban cattle breeds using 30 microsatellite loci

Conservation and improvement strategies in farm animals should be based on a combination of genetic and phenotypic characteristics. Genotype data from 30 microsatellites were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among five Cuban cattle breeds (Siboney de Cuba, Criollo Cubano, Cebú Cubano, Mambí de Cuba and Taíno de Cuba). All microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic in all the breeds. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 ± 0.02 in the Taíno de Cuba breed to 0.75 ± 0.02 in the Mambí de Cuba breed, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.66 ± 0.03 in the Cebú Cubano breed to 0.73 ± 0.02 in the Siboney de Cuba breed. The genetic differentiation between the breeds was significant (p < 0.01) based on the infinitesimal model (F_ST). The exact test for Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium within breeds showed a significant deviation in each breed (p < 0.0003) for one or more loci. The genetic distance and structure analysis showed that a significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in the local cattle population and that all breeds studied could be considered genetically distinct. The Siboney de Cuba and Mambí de Cuba breeds seem to be the most genetically related among the studied five breeds.     

采用流式细胞仪鉴定紫花苜蓿花药愈伤组织的变异

本试验采用流式细胞仪,对3个基因型8个继代周期的苜蓿愈伤组织DNA含量进行测定。通过DPAC软件(data pool application of cytometre)分析出细胞DNA含量变异百分率和处于S期细胞的百分率,并采用SPSS 10.0软件分析出愈伤组织继代时间与DNA含量变异率之间的关系。结果表明,本试验所采用的3个基因型8个继代周期24个紫花苜蓿愈伤组织样本DNA含量均发生了变化,且全都出现了DNA加倍的现象。在24个样本中,DNA含量变异率最大的是自选系大叶0510的愈伤组织继代15周时的样本,变异率达到了19.45%。通过SPSS 10.0软件分析,表明紫花苜蓿愈伤组织DNA含量变异细胞百分率与继代时间存在相关性,随着继代时间的延长,染色体变异率有增加的趋势,但这种趋势不是无限增大的。继代0～12周是愈伤组织DNA含量变异的集中发生期,以后随着继代次数的增加,DNA含量变异率趋向于稳定。     

Microsatellite-based diversity analysis and genetic relationships of three Indian sheep breeds

The genetic structure of three Indian sheep breeds from two different geographical locations (Nali, Chokla from north‐western arid and semi‐arid region; Garole from eastern saline marshy region) of India was investigated by means of 11 ovine‐specific microsatellite markers as proposed in FAOs MoDAD programme. Microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all the three breeds. Nali sheep showed higher mean number of alleles and gene diversity (6.27 and 0.65) than Chokla (5.63 and 0.64) and Garole (5.63 and 0.59). High within population inbreeding estimates observed in the three breeds (F_IS, Chokla = 0.286, Nali = 0.284, Garole = 0.227) reflected deficit of heterozygotes. The overall estimates for F‐statistics were significantly (p < 0.05) different from zero. High values of F_ST (0.183) across all the loci revealed substantial degree of breed differentiation. Based on pair wise F_ST and N_m between different breeds, Nali and Chokla (F_ST = 6.62% and N_m = 4.80) were observed to be the closest followed by Garole and Nali (F_ST = 20.9% and N_m = 1.80), and Garole and Chokla (F_ST = 21.4% and N_m = 1.71). In addition, genetic distance estimates, phylogeny analysis and individual assignment test used to evaluate interbreed genetic proximity and population structure also revealed substantial genetic differentiation between Garole and the other two Rajasthani (Nali and Chokla) sheep. This divergent status of Garole sheep indicated genetic uniqueness of this breed suggesting higher priority for its conservation.     

Genetic diversity of Swiss sheep breeds in the focus of conservation research

There is constant pressure to improve evaluation of animal genetic resources in order to prevent their erosion. Maintaining the integrity of livestock species as well as their genetic diversity is of paramount interest for long-term agricultural policies. One major use of DNA techniques in conservation is to reveal genetic diversity within and between populations. Forty-one microsatellites were analysed to assess genetic diversity in nine Swiss sheep breeds and to measure the loss of the overall diversity when one breed would become extinct. The expected heterozygosities varied from 0.65 to 0.74 and 10.8% of the total genetic diversity can be explained by the variation among breeds. Based on the proportion of shared alleles, each of the nine breeds were clearly defined in their own cluster in the neighbour-joining tree describing the relationships among the breeds. Bayesian clustering methods assign individuals to groups based on their genetic similarity and infer the number of populations. In STRUCTURE, this approach pooled the Valais Blacknose and the Valais Red. With BAPS method the two Valais sheep breeds could be separated. Caballero & Toro approach (2002) was used to calculate the loss or gain of genetic diversity when each of the breeds would be removed from the set. The changes in diversity based on between-breed variation ranged from −12.2% (Valais Blacknose) to 0% (Swiss Black Brown Mountain and Mirror Sheep); based on within-breed diversity the removal of a breed could also produce an increase in diversity (−0.6% to + 0.6%). Allelic richness ranged from 4.9 (Valais Red) to 6.7 (Brown Headed Meat sheep and Red Engadine Sheep). Breed conservation decisions cannot be limited to genetic diversity alone. In Switzerland, conservation goals are embedded in the desire to carry the cultural legacy over to future generations.     

微卫星标记与考力代羊体重体尺性状遗传关系研究

本试验用单标记法研究考力代绵羊1号染色体ILSTS004~CSSM004和BM6506~MCM130之间的12个微卫星位点ILSTS004、MCMA008、MNS0094、CSSM004、BM6505、BMS4008、CSRD0298、TGLA415、BM8246、RM0509、URB0038、MCM0130,与其绵羊初生重、断奶重、体重(8月龄)、体高、体长、胸围、管围的遗传关系,结果ILSTS004位点不同基因型对初生重影响极显著(P<0·01)、对体重影响显著(P<0·05),CSSM004位点对体长影响显著(P<0·05),其余位点对体重等性状无显著影响(P>0·05)。其中,ILSTS004位点:基因型101099个体的初生重显著高于基因型095093(P<0·05),基因型101099个体的体重显著高于基因型103103(P<0·05);CSSM004基因型196196个体的体长显著大于基因型202202(P<0·05)。提示在1号染色体微卫星位点ILSTS004附近可能存在影响绵羊初生重、体重的数量性状位点(QTL),ILSTS004可作为其遗传标记之一;在CSSM004附近可能存在影响体长的QTL,CSSM004可作为其遗传标记之一。     

利用微卫星DNA多态性预测引进肉用绵羊品种杂种优势

旨在利用微卫星DNA在不同绵羊群体中的多态性预测引进肉用绵羊品种与地方绵羊品种的杂种优势。利用23个微卫星基因座对4个国外引进肉羊品种及3个地方绵羊品种的群体多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、杂合度和遗传距离进行遗传检测,并测定引进肉羊与地方肉羊品种的杂交效果。结果,23个微卫星座位在7个绵羊群体中均呈现高度多态,共检测到348个等位基因,平均每个座位等位基因数为15个;多态信息含量在0.532 1~0.936 1,有效等位基因数在2.572 8~9.345 8,平均杂合度在0.549 2~0.936 0,品种平均杂合度在0.714 2~0.829 5,可以用于绵羊遗传多样性的评估。从不同品种看,无角陶赛特的遗传变异最大,而小尾寒羊的遗传变异相对较小;经遗传关系分析,在引进的4个肉羊品种中,与小尾寒羊、蒙古羊及滩羊杂交优势由大到小依次为白萨福克、波德代、无角陶赛特、特克赛尔,与实际杂种优势测定结果一致。利用微卫星DNA多态性预测引进肉用绵羊品种与小尾寒羊、蒙古羊及滩羊的杂种优势是可行的,这将对今后绵羊育种具有重要的应用价值和指导意义。