家兔IGF1基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探讨胰岛素样生长因子1（insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF1）基因SNP与家兔生长性状的关联性。采用DNA池、PCR-SSCP方法对家兔IGF1基因的外显子进行多态性检测,结果发现,在家兔IGF1基因的外显子3中检测到1个SNP位点T365C,表现为3种基因型：TT、TC和CC。IGF1基因不同基因型与家兔生长性状的关联分析结果发现,新西兰兔TT基因型个体的初生重、28日龄体重均显著高于TC和CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;比利时兔TT基因型个体的初生重、90日龄体重和初生至90日龄的平均日增重均显著高于TC和CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;其余品种的各生长性状指标在该位点均没有达到显著水平（P>0.05）。结果提示,IGF1基因可能是影响家兔生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因连锁,T365C位点有望作为提高家兔个体生长性状的分子遗传标记。     

Association Analysis Between Polymorphism of IGF1 Gene and Growth Traits in Rabbit

This study was aimed to analyze the association of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene polymorphisms with growth traits in rabbit. The technology of DNA pooling, PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing were used to detect the SNP of IGF1 gene. The results showed that T365C was detected in IGF1 gene exon 3 of rabbit. The SNP (C/T) was devised into three genotypes:TT, TC and CC. The relationships between genotypes and growth traits revealed that the birth weight and the weight at 28 days of age in New Zealand rabbit of TT genotype of T365C locus were significantly higher than TC and CC genotypes (P<0.05), the birth weight, the weight at 90 days of age and average daily gain form birth to 90 days of age in Belgian rabbit of TT genotype of T365C locus were significantly higher than TC and CC genotypes (P<0.05), there were no significant difference of the growth traits in other rabbit breeds (P>0.05).The consequence indicated that IGF1 gene was primarily deduced to be a potential major gene or linked to major gene effecting the growth traits of rabbit, and this SNP (T365C) might be a candidate molecular genetic markers to improve the growth traits of rabbit.     

延边黄牛SCD1基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（stearoy-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1）基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性。以157头36月龄健康无病、体重相近的延边黄牛为研究对象,颈静脉采血提取基因组DNA,根据GenBank中牛SCD1基因序列（登录号：AC_000181.1）,利用Oligo 6.0软件设计特异性引物,应用PCR扩增SCD1全长基因后直接测序,分析其多态位点,并应用生物信息学软件分析其蛋白结构;屠宰前测定活体重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚等胴体性状,屠宰后采集背最长肌,测定眼肌面积、蒸煮损失、滴水损失、嫩度、系水力、pH、脂肪酸含量等肉质性状,并通过一般线性模型分析方法对延边黄牛SCD1基因SNPs与肉质性状的相关性进行了分析。结果发现,延边黄牛SCD1基因846 bp处存在A→G突变（g846 A→G）、1 022 bp处存在C→T突变（g1022 C→T）,其中g1022 C→T突变导致丙氨酸（A）突变为缬氨酸（V）,但未引起三级结构改变。关联分析结果表明,g846 A→G多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重、滴水损失及硬脂酸、亚油酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）;g1022 C→T多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及硬脂酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）,说明上述2个位点与延边黄牛相关肉质性状存在显著相关,该突变位点可作为潜在的分子标记。     

湘村黑猪sirt2基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析和组织表达研究

本研究旨在探索沉默信号调节子家族(silent information regulator 1-7,SIRT1-7)sirt2基因在湘村黑猪不同组织间的表达及其多态性与肉质性状间的关联性,以期寻找与湘村黑猪肉质性状相关的分子标记。采用PCR-RFLP方法和基因测序技术对湘村黑猪sirt2基因多态位点进行分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对sirt2基因在湘村黑猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰腺、后腿肌和背最长肌8个组织中的相对表达量进行分析,利用SAS 9.4软件对sirt2基因突变位点不同基因型与肌肉色值、pH_(45 min)、pH_(24 h)、滴水损失、失水率、肌内脂肪、嫩度和眼肌面积进行关联分析。结果显示,在湘村黑猪sirt2基因第8外显子扩增片段中的240 bp处发现1处C→T碱基突变,编码氨基酸由精氨酸(Arg)变为半胱氨酸(Cys),为错义突变,并形成CC、CT和TT 3种基因型,CC基因型为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因,经χ~2检验表明该突变位点偏离哈代-温伯格平衡;该位点群体纯合度较高,有效等位基因数为1.301,多态信息含量为0.205,为低度多态(PIC<0.25)。基因多态性与肉质性状关联分析结果表明,TT基因型肉色L~*值和滴水损失显著低于CC和CT基因型(P<0.05),CC基因型失水率显著高于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05)。sirt2基因在湘村黑猪8个组织中均有表达,其中在背最长肌中相对表达量最高,与肺脏中表达量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰腺和后腿肌(P<0.05),且心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和胰腺中相对表达量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,sirt2基因对湘村黑猪肉质性状的发育有一定影响,可作为影响湘村黑猪肉质性状的候选基因进行深入研究。     

Relationship Analysis Between the Polymorphism of T138A Locus in TYR Gene and Hair Color in Mink (Neovison vison)

In order to detect the polymorphism of T138A locus in tyrosinase (TYR) gene in mink and analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of mink hair color, the blood samples of 430 minks with five kinds of different hair color were taken and their genomic DNA were extracted. The T138A locus of TYR gene in mink was detected using PCR-RFLP method. Allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated. Furthermore, the relationship between the polymorphism of T138A locus and hair color trait were analyzed by the statistical method of Chi-square independence test. The results showed that the T138A locus polymorphism was found with two alleles T and A,and three genotypes of TT, TA and AA. AA genotype was dominant genotype in Jilin White mink (0.9069), TT genotype was dominant genotype in Jinzhou Black mink,Pearl mink,Coffee mink and Silverblue mink, and existed mainly in Jizhou Black mink (1.0000). The association analysis of T138A locus polymorphism with hair color trait indicated that there was extremely significant correlation between TYR gene polymorphism and hair color of mink (P < 0.0001). This results indicated that the T138A locus might affect hair color phenotype, or molecular marker linked with the major gene regulating the white hair phenotype of mink.     

水貂TYR基因T138A位点多态性及其与毛色性状的关联分析

试验旨在检测水貂酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase,TYR）基因T138A位点的多态性,并分析其与水貂毛色表型的相关性。提取5种被毛色型430只水貂血液基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对TYR基因T138A位点进行多态性检测,统计等位基因频率与基因型频率,通过卡方（χ²）独立性检验分析该位点多态性与水貂毛色性状的相关性。结果表明,T138A位点存在2个等位基因T和A,形成TT、TA和AA 3种基因型,AA基因型在吉林白水貂群体中为优势基因型（0.9069）,而TT基因型为金州黑水貂、珍珠水貂、咖啡水貂和银蓝水貂群体的优势基因型,其中在金州黑水貂群体中基因型频率最高（1.0000）。关联分析表明,TYR基因T138A位点的多态性与毛色性状呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）。表明TYR基因T138A位点可能是影响水貂毛色的主控位点或与调控白色被毛表型主控位点连锁的分子标记。     

The Analysis for the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of TGF-β1 and Its Association with Reproduction in Different Sheep Breeds

A single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of 805 bp region in the intron 6 of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand composition polymorphism(PCR-SSCP)in 196 sheep among Small-tailed Han sheep,Tong sheep,Tan sheep and Oula sheep.Comparative sequence analysis of cloned products revealed an AGAC deletion at 294 bases upstream of exon 7 of the TGF-β1 gene(site 14201 in gi76871756).Statistical results of the genotype and allele frequencies in different breeds showed that genotype AB was dominant in the Small-tailed Han sheep.Genotype BB,however,was in majority in low-fecundity sheep.The results of a Chi-square test indicated that all the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

The Analysis for the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of TGF-β1 and Its Association with Reproduction in Different Sheep Breeds

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of 805 bp region in the intron 6 of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand composition polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 196 sheep among Small-tailed Han sheep, Tong sheep, Tan sheep and Oula sheep. Comparative sequence analysis of cloned products revealed an AGAC deletion at 294 bases upstream of exon 7 of the TGF-β1 gene (site 14201 in gi76871756). Statistical results of the genotype and allele frequencies in different breeds showed that genotype AB was dominant in the Small-tailed Han sheep. Genotype BB, however, was in majority in low-fecundity sheep. The results of a Chi-square test indicated that all the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

不同品种绵羊TGF-β1基因单核苷酸多态性及其与繁殖力关系的研究

以小尾寒羊、滩羊、同羊、欧拉羊共计196头为研究材料，采用PCR—SSCP技术，对绵羊TGF-β1基因6-7外显子区间内的805bp序列进行多态性分析，发现了一个多态位点。经克隆测序分析发现，第6内含子区内存在一个突变，该突变位点为第7外显子上游的第294位碱基处缺失了AGAC（序列：gi76871756中的14201位）。对不同绵羊群的基因型和等位基因频率统计结果表明，多胎品种小尾寒羊以AB基因型为主。x^2检验结果表明，单胎品种滩羊、同羊、欧拉羊以BB基因型为主，所有品种都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。     

牛SCD1基因C878T位点遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛部分脂肪相关性状的效应分析

为探索8个中国牛群SCD1基因多态性与屠宰和肉质性状的相关性,选取中国西门塔尔牛、雷琼牛、云南高峰牛、BMY牛、闽南黄牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛和中国南方荷斯坦牛等8个群体共682头个体为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP法分析SCD1基因遗传多态性。结果表明,在878bp处发现1个碱基C→T的突变(C878T),导致蛋白质肽链中丙氨酸(alanine)突变为缬氨酸(valine)。C878T位点在所研究群体中表现为CC、CT和TT3种基因型,其中,中国西门塔尔牛中TT基因型频率较高(0.114),鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛中较低(0.050/0.063),4个热带群体中未发现TT基因型。采用GLM对SCD1基因C878T位点与132头中国西门塔尔屠宰牛的部分脂肪相关性状进行关联分析。结果,CC基因型个体肌间脂肪含量和肠系膜油质量显著高于TT型个体(P<0.05),背膘厚极显著低于TT型个体(P<0.01),其他性状间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,SCD1基因C878T位点突变对中国西门塔尔牛脂肪相关性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于其部分屠宰与肉质性状的分子标记辅助选择。