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1.
利用陆地棉置换系进行海岛棉主要性状基因的染色体定位   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
 利用海岛棉染色体置换陆地棉一对染色体或染色体臂的置换系,进行主要农艺性状、抗黄萎病性和纤维品质基因染色体定位。结果表明,海岛棉1号染色体可以增加株高;16、17、18、4号染色体携带降低铃数基因;22Lo、22Sh、16、11Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高衣分;大部分染色体降低铃重。16、26Lo染色体可以增强抗黄萎病性。对纤维品质性状分析表明,14Sh、26Lo号染色体可以提高纤维长度;14Sh、15Sh号染色体可以提高强度;4号染色体可以降低麦克隆值;22Sh、16、22Lo、11Sh号染色体可以提高伸长率。推测这些染色体上可能具有对应性状的基因。  相似文献   

2.
为了揭示棉花染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2纤维产量性状和品质性状之间的相关关系,筛选纤维品质优异的新材料。以1套陆海染色体片断代换系为材料,对BC7F2高代回交群体的产量性状与纤维品质性状的表性数据进行评价及偏相关分析。结果表明:群体各性状的平均值接近于轮回亲本‘中棉所36’,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异。纤维上半部平均长度超轮回亲本比例为30.25%,断裂比强度超轮回亲本比例为71.25%,衣分超轮回亲本比例为29.38%。总体上单铃重与马克隆值、整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,衣分与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈显著负相关,与单铃重呈极显著负相关。从中筛选出部分纤维品质突出的单株,纤维上半部平均长度高于30.00 mm,断裂比强度高于31.00 cN/tex。  相似文献   

3.
    
M. Luan  X. Guo  Y. Zhang  J. Yao  W. Chen 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(6):671-679
CS‐B14Sh and CS‐B22Sh are cotton interspecific chromosome substitution (CS)‐B lines, in which a pair of short arms of chromosome 14 and chromosome 22 were introgressed from Gossypium barbadense doubled‐haploid line 3‐79 with the background of Gossypium hirsutum line TM‐1, respectively. These two CS‐B lines were crossed with TM‐1, and segregating progenies (F2 and F2:3, respectively) were obtained. Phenotypic data of lint yield, yield‐related traits and fibre‐quality traits were collected from two trials. In the cross CS‐B14SH X TM‐1, QTL for boll weight (BW), lint percentage (LP), fibre upper half mean length (UHML), micronaire reading (MIC), and fibre breaking tensile strength (STR) were repeatedly detected. Alleles from 3‐79 decreased BW and MIC, but increased UHML and STR. In the cross CS‐B22Sh X TM‐1, QTL for BW, LP, UHML, MIC, STR, fibre elongation (EL),seed weight(SW), node of first fruiting branch (NFB) and fibre uniformity index (UI) were repeatedly detected, and alleles from 3‐79 decreased UHML, UI and STR, but increased NFB, SW, MIC and EL. QTL clusters were found in both populations.  相似文献   

4.
    
In this study, F2 populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F2 population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.  相似文献   

5.
    
In an earlier advanced‐backcross quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of an interspecific cross of Gossypium hirsutum cv. ‘Xinluzhong 36’(‘XLZH36’) and G. barbadense cv. ‘Xinhai 21’(‘XH21’), a QTL for fibre strength in the chromosome segment introgression line IL23‐09 was analysed. Single marker analysis revealed that the markers on chro.23 were associated with fibre strength. Using composite interval mapping with the F2 population (1296 plants), a QTL for fibre strength was detected on chro. 23. The QTL explained 8.9% and 15.9% of phenotypic variances in the F2 and F2 : 3 generations, respectively. Substitution mapping suggested that the QTL was located at a physical distance of 23.4 kb between the markers BNL1414 and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus D09_43776813 C‐G. We designated this QTL as qFS‐chr.23 (quantitative trait locus for fibre strength on chro.23). This work provides a valuable genetic resource for the breeding of high fibre quality in cotton and will facilitate future efforts for map‐based cloning.  相似文献   

6.
株高是水稻重要的农艺性状, 往往与产量相关性状密切关联, 在水稻育种中有重要利用价值。本研究以日本晴为受体、缙恢35为供体亲本, 经表型和分子标记双重选择, 鉴定了一个水稻高秆染色体片段代换系Z1377。Z1377共含有18个代换片段, 平均代换长度为2.95 Mb。与日本晴相比, Z1377的株高、倒一节间至倒四节间长、穗长、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、粒长、每穗实粒数、总粒数显著增加; 粒宽显著变细, 有效穗数、结实率显著减少, 但仍达86.75%。用日本晴与Z1377杂交构建的次级F2群体共检测到16个相关QTL, 分布于第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7和第9染色体。其中有8个可能与已克隆基因等位, 如GW2EUI1ZFP185等, 另8个如qPH3等尚未见报道。Z1377的株高由一个主效QTL (qPH3)和一个微效QTL (qPH5)控制, 其中qPH3的贡献率达28.59%。而且, 在F2群体中, 高秆和矮秆基本呈现双峰分布, 经卡平方测验, 符合3∶1分离比, 表明高秆对矮秆显性, 并主要由qPH3负责。这将为该主效基因的精细定位和克隆奠定基础, 同时为进一步选育含2~3个代换片段的中高优良染色体片段代换系并应用于育种奠定基础。  相似文献   

7.
    
To study the genetic basis of rice flag leaf morphology, quantitative genetic analysis was conducted in a population of 37 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of indica elite variety ‘Habataki’ in the background of japonica cultivar ‘Sasanishiki’ across three different environments. The CSSLs showed normal distribution with transgressive segregation, indicating that these four traits are controlled by polygenes. Moreover, analyses of variance showed that these traits were highly influenced by the growing environment, which are typical for polygenic quantitative traits. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on four chromosomes were detected in total: four for flag leaf width, one for flag leaf area and two for flag leaf angle. Two key QTLs, qFLW4 and qFLAG5 controlling flag leaf width and angle, respectively, were identified in all three environments. These QTLs could provide useful information for marker‐assisted selection in improving the performance of plant architecture with regard to leaf angle and area. Moreover, developed CSSLs with these QTLs information are also useful research materials to reveal the importance of leaf morphology in relation to grain yield.  相似文献   

8.
以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系为亲本材料,采用株系间随机成对杂交组配F1,在5个环境下鉴定片段代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与纤维品质性状表现。结果表明,与轮回亲本(中棉所36)相比,F1在铃重与皮棉产量性状上具有一定的对照优势,亲本与F1的纤维长度与比强度均表现出明显的对照优势,且环境间表现一致。F1铃重、衣分与皮棉产量在各个环境下的中亲优势均值全部为正,且相对较大。除个别环境外,纤维长度、马克隆值与比强度的中亲优势均值也全部为正,但数值相对较小。片段代换系及F1的遗传变异丰富,部分亲本与F1在多个环境下的综合表现优异,其皮棉产量与纤维品质得到同步提高,群体材料的遗传改良与杂种优势利用具有广阔前景。  相似文献   

9.
小麦-黑麦二体代换系间杂交诱导染色体易位的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
摘 要:小麦-黑麦二体代换系间杂交,是诱导小麦-黑麦染色体易位的重要途径,有理论与应用价值。本研究利用DS1R/1D与DS5R/5A、DS6R/6A杂交,结果表明,F1减数分裂有19个二价体、4个单价体,有部分同源染色体配对和染色体易位现象;F2 对带有黑麦性状的24株普通小麦类型植株进行原位杂交检测,共检测出10株有染色体易位,易位频率为41.6%。易位株系为:06-16-7、06-16-3、06-16-5、06-16-7、06-16-8、06-17-7、0617-11、06-17-15、06-17-16、06-18-5。由于亲本选配、检测植株有一定的目的性,易位植株均表现有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

10.
为了探讨不同钾水平下常规棉与转基因棉在农艺性状和钾效率方面的差异,通过营养液对常规棉‘鄂抗8号’(E8)和转Bt基因抗虫棉DP410B(转)进行了苗期培养,分别设低钾(K1,2 mg/L)与适钾(K2,20 mg/L)2个处理,对农艺性状、干物质积累与分配、钾含量和钾积累量等进行研究。结果表明,相同钾水平下,转基因棉叶片数和叶绿素含量均高于常规棉E8;转基因棉干物质较多地分配到根系,而E8较多的积累在叶片中;各器官的钾含量和全株钾积累量均表现为转基因棉DP410B大于常规棉E8;钾在各器官的分配也有差异,适钾时常规棉E8根、茎中积累的钾占总钾的比例均低于转基因棉,而叶片中积累的钾占总钾的比例高于转基因棉,低钾时2个品种各器官的分配比例相同。常规棉E8钾效率系数是转基因棉DP410B的1.31倍,E8的钾利用指数也较高,表现为:E8K1(1.77) > 转K1(1.19) > E8K2(0.43) > 转K2(0.33),说明常规棉E8较耐低钾胁迫,且具有较高的钾利用效率,但是其增长潜力(3.75)比转基因棉DP410B(4.41)小。  相似文献   

11.
探讨棉花染色体片段代换系皮棉产量与产量构成因素之间的相关关系,明确其产量育种的主攻方向,以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系及F1为材料,采用相关与通径分析的方法,对5种环境条件下代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明,产量构成因素的变异系数以铃数最大,铃重次之,衣分最小,且F1产量构成因素的变异系数在所有环境下均比代换系亲本要小。铃数、衣分及铃重与皮棉产量均呈正相关,除个别环境外均达到显著性水平,其与皮棉产量的相关和偏相关系数在代换系亲本中以铃数最大,而F1中则以衣分最大。衣分,铃数与皮棉产量的相关程度受环境影响小,而铃重受环境影响较大。除1种环境外,代换系亲本的直接通径系数以铃数最大,衣分次之,铃重最小,而F1中则以衣分最大,铃数次之,铃重最小;代换系亲本中各因素的间接通径系数均为正值,而F1中铃数与铃重相互之间的间接通径系数均为负值。材料类型和环境条件不同,其产量构成因素与皮棉产量的相关程度及贡献大小也存在较大差异。代换系亲本产量育种的主攻目标前期应该重在衣分,后期重在铃数,而F1则始终以提高衣分为主。  相似文献   

12.
13.
    
[Objective] Molecular markers associated with agronomic and yield-related traits could provide useful references for improving the efficiency of Gossypium hirsutum breeding. [Method] In 147 upland cotton materials, 237 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) markers were assayed for polymorphisms. The population structure was analyzed using Structure 2.2. An association analysis between SSR markers and the agronomic and yield-related traits was performed using the Tassel 2.1 General Linear Model program. [Result] The average coefficients of variation for the five indicators varied from 7.28% to 21.06%, with an average of 13.47%, which indicated that the test population had a rich phenotypic diversity. The 237 SSR markers included 690 alleles belonging to 281 loci, with an average of 2.455 0 alleles per SSR marker (ranging from 2 to 6), and the average polymorphism information content value was 0.216 5. The test group could be divided into seven subgroups using Structure software. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted on five agronomic and yield-related traits from 2013 to 2015. There were 45 SSR loci and 1 locus significantly (P<0.01) associated with boll weight and lint percentage, which were detected in 3 or more environments, and they explained 19.30% and 11.58%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation in the different environments (P<0.01). Nine loci were significantly (P<0.01) associated with agronomic traits at two or more bowing times, and one, four and four markers were associated with fruit branch number, boll number and plant height, explaining 9.96%, 7.00% and 5.57%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation in different environments. Sites significantly associated with boll weight, fruit branch number and plant height were simultaneously detected near BNL2448. [Conclusion] Many loci associated with the yield and other important agronomic traits of upland cotton were repeatedly detected in different environments using an association analysis. The results provide useful reference information for cotton molecular marker-assisted selection-based breeding.  相似文献   

14.
为充分利用小麦三雌蕊品系的优良性状,全面分析小麦三雌蕊基因pis1对其农艺性状的遗传效应,本研究对小麦三雌蕊近等基因系CSTP,CM28TP,MY29TP和NM9TP及其相应的轮回亲本的主要农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明,各近等基因系与其轮回亲本在株高、茎粗、旗叶长、旗叶宽、有效穗数、穗长以及小穗数等7个农艺性状上差异不显著,除CSTP外,其它3个近等基因系的穗粒数明显高于其轮回亲本。但千粒重和小区产量均低于轮回亲本。相关性分析表明,小区产量与千粒重呈极显著正相关。而小区产量和千粒重都与穗粒数呈不显著的正相关,即仅提高穗粒数不能有效的提高产量。因而要利用小麦TP品系进行育种研究,其首要目标是提高千粒重。聚类分析表明,近等基因系与相应的轮回亲本聚在一起,这说明构建的近等基因系是成功的。  相似文献   

15.
以东乡普通野生稻和日本晴为亲本构建的染色体片段置换系为研究材料, 2019年分别在北京、山东临沂和江西南昌对分蘖数、穗粒数和粒形等11个产量相关性状进行多环境鉴定,结合染色体片段置换系基因型数据定位水稻产量相关性状QTL。3个环境共检测到68个QTL,包括株高4个、穗长5个、分蘖数2个、一次枝梗数7个、一次枝梗粒数8个、二次枝梗数8个、二次枝梗粒数10个、每穗粒数6个、千粒重7个、粒长8个和粒宽3个; LOD值介于2.50~12.66之间,贡献率变幅为4.67%~27.79%,15个QTL的贡献率大于15%;24个QTL与已报道位点/基因位置重叠,44个QTL为新发现位点; 6个QTL在2个环境能被检测到, 1个QTL qTGW2能在3个环境检测到,且是还未报道的新位点。最后,利用BSA法验证了qPH7、qPBPP8-2和qGW10三个QTL的可靠性。本研究将为后续产量相关性状基因克隆以及进一步解析其遗传基础和分子调控机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

16.
    
Heterosis is a phenomenon whereby hybrids of inbred lines produce favourable phenotypes that exceed those of their parents. Traits of interest are higher yield and stronger stress tolerance. The two‐line super‐hybrid rice ‘Liangyoupei9’ (LYP9) shows superiority to both its elite inbred line ‘93‐11’ and ‘Pei'ai64s’ (‘PA64s’) parents and conventional hybrids. However, the genetic basis of its hybrid vigour, especially yield determination, remains elusive. In the present study, a set of 156 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying overlapping segments from ‘PA64s’ in a genetic background of ‘93‐11’ were constructed and planted in six environments. Three major agronomic traits, viz. panicle length (PL), heading date (HD) and plant height (PH), and five yield‐related traits, viz. grain weight per panicle (GWP), number of grains per panicle (GPP), 1000‐grain weight (TGW), seed set (SS) and number of panicles of per plant (PPP), were evaluated over 3 years. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression. Forty‐six putative QTL distributed on 11 chromosomes were detected in more than one year. Remarkably, GWP of four CSSLs carrying positive yield QTL outperformed the recurrent parent ‘93‐11’ by more than 15%, in at least two environments. These results indicate that CSSLs are effective in identifying yield‐associated traits, and lines harbouring such QTL will be rich in resources for future molecular breeding programmes.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】探索滴灌量变化对化学打顶棉花农艺性状及产量的影响,为棉花化学打顶技术的应用提供依据。【方法】2016年,田间自然条件下,以人工打顶作为对照,选用氟节胺复配型和缩节胺复配型两种打顶剂,分别设3种不同滴灌量,通过测定不同处理棉花农艺性状、机采前脱叶效果及产量变化,分析不同滴灌量条件下棉花化学打顶株型变化及产量效应。【结果】打顶处理与滴灌量处理对棉花株高及果枝长有显著的互作效应,其中化学打顶×中滴灌量组合较化学打顶×高滴灌量组合株高平均降低6%,果枝长平均变短12%,产量差异不大;而较化学打顶×低滴灌量组合株高增加13%,果枝长平均增加14%,籽棉产量却增加7%。化学打顶与人工打顶之间脱叶率及杂叶率无显著差异,而较低的滴灌量可以加快化学打顶棉花的脱叶进程。与人工打顶相比,化学打顶虽显著降低了上部果枝铃重,但对衣分及产量无显著影响。【结论】喷施打顶剂后的2次灌水控制在中滴灌量(32 m3·667 m~(-2)),不仅可以调节化学打顶棉花的株型和脱叶进程,还可以在不降低籽棉产量的同时减少滴灌量,生产上具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

18.
为探究适合云南省薏苡种植的新品种(系),以提高云南薏苡种植的生产力水平。通过对10个薏苡品系在云南省文山地区进行生产力的比较试验,对薏苡农艺性状(生育期、株高、茎粗、有效分蘖数、单株总果数、百粒重等)进行比较鉴定与评价,并对其产量进行分析比较。结果表明:1)有效分蘖数、单株总果数、百粒重与产量呈正相关,其中百粒重与产量的相关性显著;2)YLO、Y7—1生育期较短,植株较矮,茎秆细,株型紧凑,抗倒伏性强,是理想的株型;3)Y9—7、Y3—4、Y12—2黑为中晚熟品种,百粒重高、籽粒外观好、产量高;4)YGL、文薏二号为晚熟品种,生育期在150~155天之间,植株高、分蘖力强、茎秆粗、生物产量高,但经济产量较低;5)从薏苡的综合性状、产量、适应性等指标来看,参试的品系Y9—7、Y3—4、Y12—2(黑)优势明显,更符合选育优质、高产的新品种(系)。  相似文献   

19.
为了研究不同种植密度条件对早熟玉米‘晋单84号’生长性状及品质的影响,以玉米品种‘晋单84号’为试验材料,在4.5万株/hm2、5.25万株/hm2、6万株/hm2、6.75万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2 5个不同种植密度条件下,研究‘晋单84号’的农艺性状表现、产量及籽粒品质的变化规律。结果表明:‘晋单84号’的产量随着种植密度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在密度6.75万株/hm2时最高,为12825.8 kg/hm2;籽粒品质蛋白质含量随密度增大表现为逐渐下降的趋势;粗脂肪含量表现为与密度负相关的变化趋势;粗淀粉含量在6.75万株/hm2密度下达到最高73.4%。以上试验研究为确定‘晋单84号’在山西中部地区最适宜密度及高产栽培提供科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
Complex traits are the features whose properties are determined by multiple factors, which can be genetic or environmental. Most of economically important characteristics of plants and animals belong to this special category. Hence, identification of genes underlying complex traits is theoretical and applied important. However, the conventional mapping populations with complex genetic background pose major challenge to distinguish the single QTL responsible for phenotypic variation. Paterson et al. (1990) pioneered the research on fine mapping of QTL by substitution mapping method. Nadeau et al. (2000) discussed the construction, applications and advantages of chromosome segment substitution (CSS) lines for dissecting complex traits. Indeed, CSS lines with the controlled genetic noise from genome background are ideal material for studying individual QTL as a Mendelian factor. In flee, CSS lines have been created for QTL fine mapping and further functional research (Ebitani et al., 2005; Xi et al., 2006).  相似文献   

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