不同倍性紫锥菊的性状比较及新种质的获得

采用同株系二倍体、四倍体、八倍体紫锥菊进行大田栽培试验,比较不同倍性紫锥菊的营养生长、生殖生长及多酚类成分指标,八倍体母株种子萌发后通过根尖染色体计数法进行倍性分析,以期为遗传基础理论研究和育种提供更多的材料选择。结果表明:随着倍性增加,株高变矮,叶长宽比和舌状花长宽比变小;每株分枝数以四倍体最高;一年生时二倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于四倍体和八倍体;二年生时四倍体的头状花序数和总花序数最多,显著高于二倍体和八倍体;二年生采收数据紫锥菊四倍体全株产量较八倍体高232.6%,二倍体全株产量较八倍体高187.1%;四倍体和八倍体的地上部、地下部总多酚含量、绿原酸含量、菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸含量均显著较二倍体高,八倍体地上部和地下部绿原酸含量、地上部菊苣酸含量显著高于四倍体;八倍体子代实生苗倍性鉴定得到五倍体和非整倍体。对紫锥菊而言,八倍体倍性太高,其产量和品质的综合性状不具备优势,但在作为种质资源方面具有价值;四倍体表现优良,较二倍体效益高;获得的五倍体和非整倍体材料,在生产和作为遗传改良桥梁种方面具有价值,是紫锥菊整倍性和非倍性材料创建的有益补充。     

紫松果菊栽培技术

介绍紫松果菊的生物学特性,并从品种选择、繁殖方法、栽培要点及病虫害防治等方面总结紫松果菊栽培技术。     

堆心菊与松果菊幼苗生长生理特性的比较

以堆心菊(Heleniun autumnale)和松果菊(Echinacea purpurea Moench)为试材,比较单种与混种后种子发芽和幼苗生长的各项生理指标。结果表明:混播抑制堆心菊种子萌发,促进松果菊种子萌发;混种的堆心菊幼苗地上鲜质量、根鲜质量和叶面积显著或极显著高于单种,分别是其1.96、2.02、1.75倍;混种的松果菊叶面积显著低于单种;混种的堆心菊根系活力显著高于单种,是其1.24倍;混种与单种的色素含量差异不显著。综合各项指标,2种植物混播时有利于松果菊种子的萌发;幼苗混种时,堆心菊更具竞争优势。     

紫锥菊栽培模式研究

紫锥菊以及相关制剂于2012年6月被我国农业部正是批准为唯一的一类天然药物的新兽药.此兽药证书获得标志我国的新型绿色兽药的研制真正开始,填补我国化学抗病毒类药物养殖业在禁用后的空白局面.因此紫锥菊的栽培模式的相关研究具有着十分重要的意义.     

施氮、覆膜处理对紫锥菊物候期及活性物质的影响

以紫锥菊为试材,采用田间试验方法,研究了施氮、覆膜处理对紫锥菊物候期、生物产量及活性成分的影响,以期为紫锥菊资源的有效开发提供基础数据。结果表明:最先进入蕾期是覆膜处理,其次是对照,施肥处理最晚,覆膜与施氮相比盛花期提前14d;与对照和施氮相比,覆膜处理地上部分单株平均重差异极显著(P0.01),对照和施氮之间差异不显著(P0.05);与对照相比,覆膜、施氮处理地上部分菊苣酸含量分别提高84.98%和11.64%。由此可见,覆膜处理对紫锥菊生物产量和活性物质为最佳。     

三种工艺提取肉苁蓉浸膏中四种主要有效成分含量的差异

以肉苁蓉为试材,采用提取浸膏的3种工艺(工艺1(常规煎药)、工艺2(传统泡酒)、工艺3(高醇提取与水提相结合))方法,研究3种工艺方法对肉苁蓉浸膏中总糖、总黄酮、松果菊苷和毛蕊花糖苷含量的影响。结果表明:总糖和总黄酮含量为工艺2工艺1工艺3;松果菊苷含量为工艺1工艺2工艺3,毛蕊花糖苷含量为工艺2工艺3工艺1。工艺2所得浸膏中总糖和总黄酮及毛蕊花糖苷的含量最高;工艺1所得浸膏中松果菊苷的含量最高。     

如何培育多本菊

多本菊是菊花日常栽培中常见的一种形式，一般每盆开3～9朵花。那么怎样才能培育出花大、茎矮、脚叶完整的菊花呢？     

盐碱地不同菊芋品系菊糖含量的比较

用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了菊芋品系R3、R4、B1、B5、B8中菊糖的含量,其中,以蒽酮-硫酸法显色测定总多糖,以DNS法显色测定了还原糖。实验结果表明,不同菊芋品系间菊糖含量为8.37%～16.78%,品系间差异极显著,品系R4的菊糖含量最高,达16.78%。     

北方地区蜡菊的栽培技术

蜡菊(Helichrysum bracteatum Andr)为菊科蜡菊属1 a生草本花卉,原产澳大利亚,花朵总苞片如花瓣状,色彩鲜艳,而且光泽坚硬,如涂了一层亮蜡,花似菊花而得名蜡菊.株高0.5～0.8 m,茎分枝,叶披针形,头状花序单生,花径3～5 cm,花有红、紫、橙、黄、白褐等及许多复色,花朵质地坚硬、干燥,花后不凋谢,不怕日晒、不变形、不变色,剪切可自然长期贮放.     

切花菊组织培养与栽培技术

切花菊分别取脚芽、茎尖、幼蕾作为外植体，在不同激素水平的培养基上诱导产生愈伤组织、丛生芽和根，完成植株再生。研究发现：3种外植体以茎尖最好，其愈伤组织产生的芽的分化速度较快。最后移入生根培养基上长成完整植株。同时，对栽培管理技术进行研究和探讨。     

Chromosome Karyotypes of Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia and E. purpurea

Chromosome karyotypes of the most commonly cultivated and medicinally used Echinacea taxa, E. angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and E. purpurea (L.) Moench., were analyzed. The chromosomes of both taxa are medium in length, ranging from 4.12 to 5.83 μm in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia and 3.99 to 6.08 μm in E. purpurea. No abrupt length changes in the chromosomes were noted. The karyotypes of the two species are generally similar, but a distinguishable feature exists in one pair of chromosomes. The centromere of chromosome pair 10 is subterminally located in E. purpurea, but terminally located in E. angustifolia var. angustifolia, which can be readily recognized in mitotic metaphase cell plates. This finding may provide useful information for Echinacea evolutionary, genetic, and breeding studies.     

The effect of seed source, light during germination, and cold-moist stratification on seed germination in three species of Echinacea for organic production

Organic production of one of the most popular botanical supplements, Echinacea, continues to expand in the U.S. Echinacea seeds typically show a high degree of dormancy that can be broken by ethephon or gibberelic acid (GA), but these methods are currently disallowed in organic production. In order to determine the efficacy of non-chemical seed treatments, we evaluated the effect of varying seed source and supplying light, with and without cold-moist stratification, on seed germination of the three most important medicinal species of Echinacea, E. angustifolia DC, E. purpurea (L) Moench, and E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Treatments included cold-moist stratification under 24 h light, 24 h dark, and 16/8 h light/dark to break seed dormancy. We found that germination was greater in the E. purpurea and E. pallida seeds from a commercial organic seed source compared to a public germplasm source. When seeds were not cold-moist stratified, 16-24 h light increased germination in E. angustifolia only. Echinacea angustifolia, E. purpurea, and E. pallida seeds that were cold-moist stratified under 16-24 h of light for 4 wk had a significantly greater percentage and rate of germination compared to seeds germinated in the dark. Therefore, cold-moist stratification under light conditions is recommended as a method to break seed dormancy and increase germination rates in organic production of Echinacea.     

Patterns of Variation in Alkamides and Cichoric Acid in Roots and Aboveground Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench

We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g(-1)). For total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in roots, from 0.62 to 3.42 (mean = 1.54) in nearly matured seed heads (NMSH), and 0.22 to 5.25 (mean = 0.77) in young tops (about ? flower heads, ? leaves, and ? stems). For cichoric acid, concentrations among individual plants varied from 2.65 to 37.52 (mean = 8.95), from 2.03 to 31.58 (mean = 10.9), and from 4.79 to 38.55 (mean = 18.88) in the roots, the NMSH, and the tops, respectively. Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8/9) accounted for only 9.4% of the total alkamides in roots, but comprised 87.9% in the NMSH, and 76.6% in the young tops. Correlations of concentrations of alkamides or cichoric acid between those of roots and those of the NMSH were not statistically significant, and either within the roots, the NMSH, and the young tops. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of cichoric acid in the roots and in young tops, and a significant positive correlation was observed between total alkamide concentration in the roots and cichoric acid concentration in the young tops. These results may be useful in the genetic improvement of E. purpurea for medicinal use.     

强宿根抗旱甘蔗新品种云蔗03—194的选育

云蔗03—194,亲系：新台糖25×粤糖97-20,中大茎,中早熟,丰产、高糖,自然脱叶,宿根性好,抗旱性和抗倒性强。云蔗03—194在国家区试中蔗茎产量101．4t／hm2,甘蔗糖分14．40％,舍糖量14．68t／hm2;在云南临沧、德宏、保山、红河等主产蔗区旱地生产示范中蔗茎产量117．6t／hm2,甘蔗糖分15．23％,含糖量17．43t／hm2;该品种适应于云南、广西、广东、福建等蔗区肥力中等以上的蔗区种植,在燥热蔗区种植优势更为明显。     

云南蒙自野生白芨中矿质元素含量分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了云南省蒙自县野生白芨中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe、Co、Ni等矿质元素的含量。结果表明:白芨中含有丰富的Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn等矿质元素,尤以Ca、Mg等元素的含量高,其含量顺序为:Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Ni>Co。白芨作为药用的同时还可以补充人体必需的矿质元素Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe、Co、Ni等,表明野生白芨具有较高的营养价值。     

云南蒙自石榴园土壤养分状况及施肥情况调查

对云南蒙自县新安所镇、文澜镇、红寨和多法勒4个石榴种植片区土壤基本养分状况及施肥情况进行了分析和调查。结果表明:蒙自石榴园土壤pH在5.25~8.07之间,平均为7.11;土壤有机质、速效磷的含量分别在3.47~57.17 g/kg1、.75~334.24 mg/kg之间,平均值分别为25.77 g/kg7、0.54 mg/kg;速效钾的含量在24.24~217.51 mg/kg之间,平均值145.19 mg/kg;土壤碱解氮、水溶性钙和水溶性镁的含量分别在2.68~132.21 mg/kg0、.10~0.33 g/kg和0.01~0.10 g/kg之间,平均值分别为81.32 mg/kg0、.17 g/kg和0.03 g/kg。在各个片区间农户施肥水平存在差异,普遍存在过量或偏施磷肥,不重视中微量元素肥料的现象。土壤有机质、速效磷含量偏高,速效钾含量中等,碱解氮、水溶性钙和水溶性镁含量偏低,石榴园土壤养分不平衡。     

晚熟核桃新品种‘丽科2号’

 ‘丽科2号’核桃是从‘泡核桃’实生群体中选出的优良新品种。坚果扁圆形,平均单果质量13.32 g;壳薄,壳厚0.71 mm,内褶壁纸质及横隔膜膜质,易取整仁;出仁率78.2% ~ 80.1%,脂肪含量67.2%,蛋白质含量为14.1%,味香纯。树势旺盛,丰产,优质,综合性状表现优良。     

云南省番茄莴苣褪绿病毒分子检测及遗传进化分析

采集了77份云南省疑似感染莴苣褪绿病毒(lettuce chlorosis virus,LCV)的番茄样本,采用特异性反转录PCR扩增LCV次要外壳蛋白基因(minor coat protein,CPm)近全长序列,常规Sanger测序法测定相应片段序列,并对其进行遗传进化分析.结果 表明,LCV特异性反转录PCR扩增...     

桔小实蝇在云南蒙自地区的发生规律研究

桔小实蝇寄主范围广、繁殖量大、危害重,是世界性的重要检疫害虫。本文通过调查分析,研究了云南蒙自市的海拔、防治措施、果树种类三因素对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明,桔小实蝇在1412 m低海拔地区的种群数量大于1608 m和1700 m高海拔地区的,这说明海拔越高,桔小实蝇种群数量越小,危害也越小。根据在相似海拔地区相同果园桔小实蝇种群数量的比较,发现严格按照本课题组探索的防治措施做好桔小实蝇防治能收到良好的效果。蒙自市的水果成熟期不同,随着各种水果的成熟,桔小实蝇种群动态会出现多个峰值,3~5月桔小实蝇种群高峰期主要出现在枇杷园,7~10月主要出现在石榴园、小红枣园和水蜜桃园。对桔小实蝇在蒙自种群动态的调查,能够为下一步防治措施的制定做好准备。     

短枝型芽变枣新品种‘沧冬 1 号’

 ‘沧冬1号’是从河北沧州枣区‘冬枣’资源中选育出来的短枝型优质芽变枣新品种。果实圆形,平均单果质量15.9 g,鲜枣含可溶性固形物21.4%,可滴定酸0.23%,酸甜味浓。在河北枣区10月上旬成熟,丰产稳产,为优良的鲜食晚熟品种,适合于河北平原枣区栽培。