秀百宫防除草坪杂草试验

草坪杂草是影响草坪成坪的主要因素,在桂林市所有草坪杂草种类中,优势种有阔叶的犁头草(ViolaJaponica Langsd)、雷公根[Centella asiatica(L.)Urban]、酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata L.)、艾蒿(Artemisia argyi Lev.l.et Vant.),禾本科(Gramineae)的狗芽根[Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.]、牛筋草[Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn]、狗尾草[Setaria viridis(L.)Beaur],莎草科(Cyperaceae)的香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)、水蜈蚣(Kyllingga     

韭菜田杂草化学防除关键技术

正经调查,韭菜田的主要杂草种类有37种,对韭菜后期正常生长及产量形成影响较大。根据韭菜田不同时期、不同杂草种类进行化学防除,效果较好。韭菜田杂草是影响韭菜生产的重要因素,杂草不仅与韭菜作物争夺养分、水分、光照和生存空间,而且还是一些韭菜病虫害的中间寄主,对韭菜的产量和品质影响很大。因此,做好韭菜田杂草的防除,对进行韭菜标准化生产,提升韭菜产量和品     

大蒜田秋季杂草的化学防除

据调查,上海、江苏、浙江的大蒜田杂草,数量多,危害大。草害严重的田块,每年亩损失产值达300元以上,据上海市嘉定县的试验,秋季杂草引起的损失大大超过春季杂草。我们于1986～1988年连续进行大蒜田秋季杂草的化学防除试验,总结如下。一、大蒜田秋季杂草种类及危害秋季杂草在大蒜田的危害,历时3个多     

黄瓜化学除草简介

对于直播黄瓜,杂草的危害主要在生长前期,Weaver, S.E(1984)研究指出,如果播后4周内保持田间无杂草,黄瓜将不会因杂草的影响而减产。K.M.Menges(1981)等在5年试验中,黄瓜前4周如果不除草,5年中有两年减产最少的也达36%。R.Labraba等的工作是播种后40天以上不防除杂草,产量损失可达100%,如果20天内不除草,产量就受到明显的影响。而在黄瓜出苗后30—40天内以及整个生育期无草,都可获得好的产量。所以杂草的防除,在作物的生长前期是事关重要的。 目前,可用作直播黄瓜地的除草剂数量有限。美国推荐在黄瓜上使用的有:抑草生(naptalam)、敌草…     

果园化学除草技术

一.果园杂草发生规律 春季果园主要杂草种类有早熟禾、牛繁缕、繁缕;夏季果园主要杂草种类有马唐、狗尾草、牛筋草、大画眉草、马齿苋等。果园中多年生的宿根杂草危害也很严重,这些杂草主要是旱莲子草、香附子、白茅、竹叶草、芦苇等     

金都尔等除草剂防除撒播白菜田杂草初报

白菜在浙江温州菜区几乎周年种植，是每年6月下旬至9月蔬菜淡季的主要种植品种，小白菜多采用撒播。撒播的白菜难以中耕除草，杂草种类和数量很多，对白菜生产及产量影响很大，如不进行防除，往往造成草荒。2000年8月引进金都尔除草剂进行试验，取得了明显的除草效果，现将结果初报如下。1 白菜田杂草种类及为害 7～8月份撒播的白菜地所发生的杂草属夏性型杂草，主要有禾本科的马唐、旱稗、狗尾草、千金子；莎草科的香附子、日照飘拂草；苋科的空心莲子草、野苋菜等。马唐和香附子发生数量最多，是优势种，均占各种杂草数量的85％。据调查1 …     

豇豆田间杂草不同调控方式对产量的影响

特早熟豇豆是湘北地区的主要夏季蔬菜之一,栽种面积达1.5万hm2,由于田间杂草危害严重,使经济效益大幅度下降,有些地区使用除草剂除草,导致产品农残超标,食用的安全性下降.为此进行了特早熟豇豆田杂草生态调控及其对产量影响的试验,现将结果报告如下.     

大棚西瓜田杂草重发原因及防治措施

江苏省东台市位居苏北黄海之滨,是首批全国无公害蔬菜生产示范基地之一。随着种植业结构的不断调整,西瓜种植面积逐年扩大,2005年达1.38万hm2,以大棚设施栽培为主,其中春大棚面积1.16万hm2。由于轮作年限不够或重茬面积加大,加上设施栽培的小气候条件,西瓜四草害呈加重趋势,已成为本市西瓜产量和品质提高的重要障碍。为有效控制杂草的发生,笔者经过近几年的探索,摸索出一套安全性高、除草效果好的大棚西瓜田杂草的防治措施。1大棚西瓜田杂草发生概况1.1田间杂草种类多本地大棚西瓜田杂草主要有灰绿藜、苋、凹头苋、反枝苋、马齿苋、野西瓜苗…     

云南保塘古茶园有机栽培技术研究

通过对云南保塘古茶园进行有机栽培管理，进行了免耕和耕作两种处理，在耕作中施用有机肥和经过无害化处理的农家肥、芟草；对茶园土壤分别进行了耕作前、后的养分分析，对茶叶蒸青样在耕作前后进行了常规分析和农残和重金属检测，对茶园害虫进行调查分析。结果表明：试验前和试验后免耕处理和耕作处理的土壤有机质都增加；试验前和试验后免耕处理土壤磷含量增加，钾含量降低；耕处理磷含量减少，钾含量降低；茶叶水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱含量耕作比免耕处理的都有所增加；铜含量在处理前后分别为0．16和0．13mg／kg，均≤2mg／kg，铅含量在处理前后分别为6．1和6．0mg／kg，均≤30mg／kg；免耕茶园茶树上的害虫种类为25，耕作茶园害虫种类为19，两处理茶园优势种均为：假眼小绿叶蝉、茶蚜、蚧类、茶跗线螨、茶黄蓟马。耕作茶园害虫种类比免耕茶园害虫种类少。各处理茶园天敌都有蜘蛛、蜂。茶园耕作后害虫种类降低，数量减少。耕作茶园地表优势种为黑蚁和跳虫，天敌有蜘蛛。     

豫北麦田杂草发生危害特点及严重发生原因

安阳市麦田杂草发生危害逐年加重,杂草种类地区间大同小异,单块麦田内杂草种类多样化,阔叶草优势种显著改变,禾本科杂草发生量上升较快,局部恶性杂草危害严重,杂草密度年份间变化较大。本文分析了造成安阳市麦田杂草严重发生的原因:杂草的生物学原因、连续使用单一除草剂品种、杂草种类得到人为选择变化、杂草得不到有效控制、耕作管理不当等。     

聚乙二醇干旱胁迫对三种党参种子萌发的影响

以党参、素花党参和川党参种子为试材,采用不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%)模拟干旱胁迫条件,研究了干旱胁迫对党参种子萌发的影响,考察不同品种党参种子萌发过程对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:随PEG-6000浓度的升高,党参、川党参和素花党参种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均受到不同程度的抑制。其中,素花党参、川党参和党参种子萌发受到抑制的最低浓度阈值分别为5%、10%和15%。可知党参抗旱性最好、川党参次之、素花党参最弱。     

不同耕作方式对赤红壤甘蔗产量、糖分及效益的影响

通过设置纵横深耕松土、覆盖蔗叶;单向深耕松土、覆盖蔗叶;常规犁耕松土、覆盖蔗叶（CK）试验,研究不同耕作方式对酸性赤红壤春植糖料蔗产量与糖分及效益的影响。结果表明：纵横深耕松土、覆盖蔗叶栽培方式优于单向深耕松土、覆盖蔗叶栽培方式和常规犁耕松土、覆盖蔗叶栽培方式。     

六种滇产悬钩子的果实品质评价

从主要经济性状和一般营养成分两个方面评价了产于云南的三叶悬钩子、栽秧泡、灰毛果莓、红泡刺藤、茅莓和红毛悬钩子等6种悬钩子的果实品质,结果表明:灰毛果莓在果实重量、果实大小、总糖含量、糖酸比等指标上均居首位,开发价值最高;栽秧泡和红泡刺藤的维生素C含量和可溶性固形物含量大大超过其他4种的相应含量,其余指标居中,开发价值高;茅莓的果实含水量和出汁率最高,果实重量和大小均居第二,其他指标多居中等,也有较高的开发价值;红毛悬钩子的各项指标处于中下水平,开发价值低;三叶悬钩子在果实重量、果实大小、总糖含量、糖酸比、维生素C含量等多项指标上均居末席,但总酸含量却最高,开发价值最低.在6种悬钩子中,有5种悬钩子果实的营养成分均属首次报道;比较了滇产茅莓和资料报道的外省茅莓的维生素C含量,发现产于云南的茅莓果实的维生素C含量要远远高于其他省所产的相应含量.     

黑地膜覆盖对白榆播种苗生长量和除草的影响

以白榆种子为试材,研究了黑色地膜覆盖对白榆播种苗苗木生长量和除草效果的影响。结果表明:黑色地膜覆盖对白榆生长量有明显的促进作用,对1a生杂草数量有明显的抑制作用。     

山丁子及山葡萄深沟播种覆地膜育苗研究

采用垅上或苗床上开深沟播种、沟上直接平扣地膜的方法,解决普通露地条件下山丁子、山葡萄等育苗周期长的问题。结果表明:培育的山丁子苗在翌年春季98%以上可达嫁接粗度,山葡萄苗也整齐、粗壮。比普通育苗方法提早嫁接1a,并解决了常规不扣膜育苗易干籽和出苗率低、常规的扣小拱棚方法废工、前期棚内易干旱、大面积育苗时不便揭棚浇水的难题。应用上述2项创新技术,多年来育苗达几百万株,因此很多农户和育苗单位获得了很大的经济效益。     

18种绣线菊苗期抗寒性评价与筛选

以18种（品种）不同地理分布及不同抗寒力的绣线菊为试验材料,通过测定露地自然低温下的抗寒性相关生理指标,应用隶属函数模型、Logistic方程计算生理指标隶属函数值;通过测定冰冻处理枝条电导率计算其半致死温度,根据生理指标隶属函数值和半致死温度确定其抗寒力。结果表明,华北绣线菊、土庄绣线菊、绒毛绣线菊、石蚕叶绣线菊、绢毛绣线菊、金丝桃叶绣线菊、三裂绣线菊抗寒力最强;毛果绣线菊、石棒绣线菊、柳叶绣线菊抗寒力较强。     

桃野生种和地方品种种质资源亲缘关系的AFLP分析

利用AFLP技术对94份野生桃种质资源进行了DNA多态性分析,从64对E+2/M+3引物组合中筛选出9对引物用于扩增基因组DNA,共获得清晰可辨的236个标记,其中多态性标记为141个,多态性检出率为59.9%。UPGMA聚类结果显示,在遗传距离约为0.3267时,普通桃、陕甘山桃、光核桃3个种被聚为一类,与这3个种相近的为新疆桃,其次为甘肃桃,最远为山桃(白花山桃、红花山桃)。在遗传距离0.2178处,五月鲜扁干、白黏胡桃和珲春桃3份材料各自聚为一类。在遗传距离约0.1997处,普通桃又可明显分为4个组:组I包括原产于南方和西北地区的地方品种,且大部分南方蟠桃主要聚在此类;组II仅有油桃(甘肃酒泉)一个野生材料;组III包括野生毛桃和大部分原产于北方的地方品种,北方硬肉桃主要聚在这一类;组IV由白碧桃和白花山碧桃2个观赏桃品种组成。     

Effect of maleic hydrazide on vegetative growth,flowering and fruiting of bottle gourd

A study on the effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) on vegetative growth, flowering and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) Standl.) was conducted during the rainy and summer seasons of 1979 and 1980, respectively. MH at 150 mg l^?1 stimulated the elongation of the main shoot, while MH at 50 mg l^?1 induced more branches per plant. Staminate flowers appeared late and at the lowest node number in control plants, whereas MH at 150 mg l^?1 had a profound effect on the earliest appearance of pistillate flowers at the lowest node number. Male: female ratio was lowered with MH at 50 mg l^?1 and was most effective in producing the maximum number of fruits and fruit weight per plant and ultimately the yield. GA₃, NAA and ethrel did not influence yield, while MH did.     

The Minimization of Variability in Apples Planted on the Site of a Previous Orchard

Following the grubbing of a mature orchard of Bramley’s Seedling apples an investigation was made into the effects of deep (18 in.) or shallow (9 in.) ploughing immediately after grubbing, and of rich or poor manuring during the ensuing seven-year period of arable cropping, on the restoration of uniformity of the soil and its suitability for further experimentation on apples.

The effects of these treatments were assessed through a study of the variation of an apple indicator crop planted at the end of the period of arable cropping and are discussed in the light of the results previously observed after only three years of arable cropping.

There was some indication of a “distance-from-former-tree-site” gradient in growth which was reduced by either deep ploughing or rich manuring.

The contribution of the residual-pattern effect ot the previous orchard to the total variability of the apple indicator crop was small in comparison with the random component of variability.

Random variation was slightly increased by deep ploughing or rich manuring, offsetting the reduction in intensity of residual pattern so that total variability in size of indicator plants was largely unaffected by cultural treatment.     

The Effects of Different Primary Cultivations and Manurial Treatments on the Yield of Early Peas,Spring Cabbage,Leeks and Brussels Sprouts

The effects of different primary cultivations and manurial treatments on the yields of early peas, spring cabbage, leeks and Brussels sprouts grown in rotation on a sandy loam soil are described. The cultivation treatments consisted of deep ploughing, shallow ploughing-with-subsoiling, shallow ploughing, and shallow rotary cultivation, and these were combined fac- torially with three manurial treatments. Each of the crops in the rotation was grown in each year from 1954 to 1959. Special attention was paid to weed control and the experimental area was kept essentially free from weeds.

On average, the differences between the yields from the three ploughing treatments were small but, although the largest mean difference was only about 7%, several of the differences were significant.

The ploughing treatments gave significantly higher yields of all four crops than did shallow rotary cultivation ; the mean difference varied from 11% for peas and Brussels sprouts to almost 40% for spring cabbage.

Farmyard manure (FYM) with NPK fertilizers gave substantially higher yields of leeks/ spring cabbage and Brussels sprouts than nitrogenous fertilizer alone, but a smaller increase of only 18% in the yield of peas.

The following significant interactions are discussed : cultivations X years, manurial treatments X years, cultivations X manurial treatments and, for leeks only, cultivations X manurial treatments X years. It is concluded that the effects of some of the experimental treatments on the water available to the plant roots were, at least in part, responsible for some of the significant differences and interactions.

Certain aspects of experimental technique are also discussed.