不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖对大肠杆菌K_(88)的抑制作用

本文就几种不同平均相对分子质量(MW=1.72×104,4.1×104,8.8×104,7.6×105)的壳聚糖对引起仔猪腹泻的大肠杆菌K88菌株的抑制作用做了研究。结果表明:以上相对分子质量的壳聚糖对此菌的生长均有抑制作用,并且相对分子质量低的壳聚糖的抑菌效果优于相对分子质量高的壳聚糖,即MW=1.72×104的抑菌作用最强,MW=7.6×105的抑菌作用最弱。     

猪肺炎支原体膜蛋白的电泳分析及免疫印迹检测

以猪肺炎支原体Z株为试验材料,采用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹对该菌膜蛋白进行了分析。研究表明:猪肺炎支原体经A_(26)液体培养基培养,15000 r/min离心收集菌体细胞,低渗超声法破膜获得膜制剂后,应用12.5％的凝胶对膜蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分离,在电泳图谱上呈现出36条蛋白带,相对分子质量范围为1.18×10~4～9.12×10~4。同时以膜制剂作为抗原,分4次免疫试验兔,心脏采血,提取抗血清,并分离纯化得到IgG,然后进行Western印迹法检测。其结果发现在SDS-PAGE分离得到的36种膜蛋白(或多肽)中,有6种蛋白具有免疫原性。     

羊毛角蛋白的分离与纯化

选择白色羊毛为材料,采用还原C法在不同温度下抽提粗蛋白,离子交换层析,SDS-PAGE分析和考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白含量。结果表明,采用还原C法在72℃抽提3h,经DEAE-纤维素32柱层析,0.3mol/LNaCl洗脱,获得电泳纯的角蛋白组分,其相对分子质量约31ku,蛋白回收率为3.8%。光谱分析表明,该角蛋白组分最大紫外吸收峰约在280nm处,其荧光光谱峰约在346nm处,角蛋白可与Tb3 结合形成配合物,494和549nm处呈现Tb3 特征荧光峰,随着Tb3 浓度的增大,Tb3 敏化荧光逐渐增强并达到饱和。试验为进一步深入研究角蛋白性质和拓宽角蛋白的应用范围奠定了基础。     

8株鳖源变形杆菌外膜蛋白的比较

从 1 2批送检病鳖体内分离出 8株细菌 ,经形态学检查、生理生化特性测定、致病性测定和血清学鉴定 ,确定 7株为普通变形杆菌 ,1株为奇异变形杆菌。进一步采用十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)破菌法提取 8株鳖源变形杆菌的外膜蛋白 (OMP)进行SDS PAGE电泳 ,比较分析细菌OMP型。结果显示奇异变形杆菌的OMP型由 3条相对分子质量范围为 3 0× 1 0 4～4 3× 1 0 4的主要蛋白带组成 ;7株普通变形杆菌的主要外膜蛋白相对分子质量范围为 3 0× 1 0 4～6 7× 1 0 4,分属 2个OMP型 ,其中 4个分离株属OMP1型 ,由 4条主要蛋白带组成 ;其余 3个分离株属OMP2型 ,由 7条主要蛋白带组成。表明不同种变形杆菌的OMP型差异较大 ,同种不同株变形杆菌的OMP型相似 ,但蛋白带的迁移率及颜色深浅在菌株间仍有差异。此外 ,发现相对分子质量约为 4 3× 1 0 4的一条外膜蛋白带为所有菌株所共有 ,可能是变形杆菌属特异性抗原     

大麦芽阿魏酸酯酶的分离纯化及其部分酶学性质的测定

本试验采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-52离子交换层析对大麦芽中的阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)进行了分离纯化,并测定了其部分酶学性质。结果显示,分离纯化后获得了阿魏酸酯酶纯品,纯化倍数达34倍;经SDS-PAGE电泳显示为单一条带,并测定其相对分子质量约为29.3 ku;最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH为5.5,但阿魏酸酯酶在60℃以下,pH 4.5~7.5之间有较好的稳定性;Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe3+对酶活有很强的抑制作用,Na+和EDTA对酶有一定的激活作用。     

氨苄青霉素单抗鉴定与酶联免疫检测方法的初步研究

利用碳化二亚胺(EDC)法将氨苄青霉素(AMP)与匙孔嘁血蓝蛋白(m cKLH)偶联制备免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)融合,建立分泌氨苄青霉素单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。杂交瘤细胞染色体数目为97~104条,3D12株亚型为IgG2 a,用其制备的腹水ELISA效价达到2×106。亲和常数为3×10-10mol/L,抗体相对分子质量为1.54×105,与其他抗生素的交叉反应率小于0.01%。采用间接竞争ELISA方法建立检测AMP的标准曲线,在0.5~100 ng/mL范围内呈线形相关,回归方程为Y=0.056 9X+0.130 8,相关指数R2=0.994 8,以10%抑制率对应的浓度计算,该方法对AMP的检测限为0.3 ng/mL,对市售消毒纯牛奶模拟样品最低检测限为0.4 ng/mL。     

斯氏艾美耳球虫阿拉尔株致病性和免疫原性分析

对分离自阿拉尔的1株斯氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria stiedai)进行了致病性与免疫原性分析。试验共分5组,4个试验组每只兔分别口服感染1.0×103,5.0×103,5.0×104和1.5×105个孢子化卵囊;感染后14 d对1.0×103和5.0×103剂量组的剩余兔以2.5×105个孢子化卵囊攻毒,用0～5分肝脏平均病变记分、肝重指数和每克粪便的平均虫卵数(OPG)测定致病性及其免疫原性。结果显示:低剂量感染可引起轻微病变,5.0×104个孢子化卵囊感染即可表现出明显的致病作用,但免疫原性试验表明其免疫原性较弱。     

天津市畜禽粪便年排放量的估算

畜禽粪便产生的污染已成为我国农村面源污染的主要来源之一。通过实地调查,结合国内外有关研究,以2005年为基准,定量分析天津市主要畜禽(猪、牛、羊、家禽等)年粪尿排放量和粪尿中对环境产生污染的主要物质量(有机质、氮、磷、钾)。结果表明:天津市2005年畜禽粪尿排放1306.32×104t,其中有机质为125.87×104t,氮8.68×104t,磷4.72×104t,钾7.93×104t。该研究结果可为天津市养殖业生产合理布局和农村面源污染治理提供决策依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

通过条件优化,以定量的10倍系列稀释质粒pMD-ORF2(含PCV2-ORF2全基因)为标准品,进行荧光定量PCR扩增并制作标准曲线,建立了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的荧光定量PCR检测方法。该方法检测灵敏度可达1.0×100拷贝/μL,线性范围为109~100,达10个数量级;对起始浓度为1.0×106、1.0×105、1.0×104拷贝/μL的标准品的最终实际测得值分别为1.000×106、0.935×105、0.987×104拷贝/μL,变异系数分别为2.527%、2.067%、2.092%。该方法的检测灵敏度与套式PCR(nPCR)相当,甚而高于常规PCR。     

加系双肌臀大约克猪三元杂交试验

在以双肌臀大约克猪纯繁(双×双)为对照的长×双、双×长、双×杜、杜×双等二元杂交试验的基础上,以双肌臀大约克猪纯繁为对照,又测定了杜×长双、杜×双长、长×双长、双×长双三元或二元级进组合的肥育性能及胴体品质.结果表明,杜×长双组合在日增重(860.74 g)、饲料报酬(2.871)等主要指标上优于其它杂交组合,且瘦肉率高(68.96%)、胴体品质优良,是一个理想的外三元优势杂交组合.试验还表明,双肌臀大约克猪产仔多(12.00头)、增重较快(792.21 g)、瘦肉率较高68.30%,适应性强.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …