栗羽、白羽和黄羽鹌鹑红细胞和血浆酯酶的遗传多态性研究

利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对蛋用朝鲜龙城系栗羽鹌鹑及其突变系白羽和黄羽鹌鹑的红细胞和血浆酯酶的遗传多态性进行了研究。结果表明:红细胞酯酶Es-Ⅰ、Es-Ⅲ和血浆酯酶Es-3、Es-4均存在遗传多态性,其中Es-Ⅰ和Es-Ⅲ、Es-3分别受常染色体上的一对等位基因A和B控制,各出现3种表型A、AB和B。Es-4出现2种表型即有带型和无带型,受显性基因Es-4A和隐性基因Es-4a控制。经适合性χ2检验,3群体在红细胞酯酶Es-Ⅰ位点的基因分布均显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01)。黄羽和白羽鹌鹑的红细胞酯酶Es-Ⅲ和血浆酯酶Es-3两个位点,均处于遗传平衡状态。     

塞北兔红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)遗传多态性研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺线性浓度梯度凝胶电泳法,对216只塞北兔红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)的遗传多态性进行了检测。结果表明,在塞北兔群体中,红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)均呈多态,各有3种表型,受2个共显性等位基因A和B控制。X2检验结果表明,塞北兔群体在Es-1和Es-3位点处于Hardy-weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。     

哈尔滨大白兔红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-2和Es-3)的遗传多态性

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对76只(雌24,雄52)哈尔滨大白兔红细胞酯酶的遗传多态性进行了研究.结果表明,红细胞酯酶Es-1,Es-2和Es-33个位点各有3种不同的表型AA、AB和BB,它们分别受常染色体上的1对等显性基因A、B控制.各位点的A基因频率分别为0.2829、0.5724和0.5329,B基因频率分别为0.7171,0.4276和0.4671.3个位点的杂合度分别为0.4057,0.4895和0.4978,平均杂合度为0.4643.经X~2检验,这3个位点的基因分布均处于Hardy-Weibery平衡状态(P>0.05).     

不同品系绍兴蛋鸭血清酯酶多态性比较研究

实验对60日龄绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系(以蛋重为选育目标)和高产系(以产蛋数为选育目标)血清酯酶的多态性进行了比较测定。结果表明：60日龄绍兴鸭血清酯酶主要包括3个区域，即Es-1、Es-2和Es-3。Es-1区为鸭血清酯酶的主信号区，表现出明显的多态性，Es-2区未观察到明显的多态性，Es-3区为一至两条弱带(淡染)，也未观察到明显的多态性。从260只60日龄绍兴鸭血清样本中，观察到Es-1有6种表现型：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ。绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系和高产系中以Ⅰ和Ⅱ居多，差异不显著，Ⅲ和Ⅳ在两品系鸭中表现出明显的差异，高产系Ⅳ型的表现频率显著高于大蛋系。     

Vc-獭兔、日本大耳白兔与新西兰白兔血液蛋白多态性研究

为给加速 Vc-獭兔育种提供理论依据 ,利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对 Vc- 系、 系獭兔、日本大耳白兔和新西兰白兔血液中的红细胞酯酶 (Es-1、Es-2和 Es-3 )、血清前转铁蛋白 (Prt)、后白蛋白 (Po)等 5个蛋白位点的多态性进行了测定 ,结果表明 :在 4个群体中 ,Es-1、Es-2、Es-3和 Po各有 3种表型 ,分别受 2个共显性等位基因控制 ,Prt有 6种表型 ,受 3个共显性等位基因控制。计算表型频率及基因频率。并根据基因频率计算遗传距离和聚类分析 ,分析结果 :Vc- 系、Vc- 系獭兔的亲缘关系最近 ;Vc-獭兔与日本大耳白兔的亲缘关系较近 ,与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系较远 ;日本大耳白与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系最远     

不同品系鸡血浆转铁蛋白、血红蛋白和红细胞酯酶D多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法测定了6个品系鸡的血浆转铁蛋白(Tf)、血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞酯酶D(EsD)的遗传多态性.转铁蛋白出现5种表型,受Tf~A、Tf~B、TP~C3个共显性等位基因控制;血红蛋白出现5种表型,受Hb~F、Hb~(M1)、Hb~(M2)3个共显性等位基因控制;红细胞酯酶D出现5种表型,受EsD~1、EsD~2、EsD~3、EsD~4、EsD~55个共显性等位基因控制.各品系鸡之间的Tf、Hb、EsD的基因频率是不同的.根据基因频率计算遗传距离并用类平均法进行聚类分析.3种肉用鸡中艾维茵和塔特姆亲缘关系最近,罗斯褐鸡与3种肉用鸡亲缘关系较近,而与其它蛋用型鸡亲缘关系较远.     

鹌鹑野灰相关蛋白基因外显子Ⅰ的多态性分析

家禽的羽色遗传一直是炙手可热的研究课题,因为羽色是禽类一种重要的质量性状。本研究利用聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对不同羽色的4个鹌鹑群体（中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑）进行野灰相关蛋白基因（agouti-related protein,Agrp）外显子Ⅰ的多态性检测,探讨Agrp外显子Ⅰ与鹌鹑羽毛颜色的关系,为鹌鹑的育种及生产提供参考。结果表明,Agrp外显子Ⅰ在中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑群体中都检测到了2个等位基因,分别用A和B表示。等位基因A在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因频率最高,达到了0.9500。B等位基因在朝鲜鹌鹑中的频率最高,达到了0.3392,在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因频率最低,只有0.0500。基因型AA在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因型频率最高（0.9500）,在朝鲜鹌鹑和黑羽鹌鹑中最低（0.4286）。基因型AB在北京白羽鹌鹑中没有出现。测序发现,在黑羽鹌鹑和朝鲜鹌鹑中有AG的杂合位点,而在北京白羽鹌鹑中只有G位点。推测Agrp外显子Ⅰ的AB基因型（或B等位基因）与鹌鹑的黑羽色可能有一定关系。     

鸡、鹦鹉和鹅的血浆酯酶电泳特点比较

试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）法测定了京海鸡、虎皮鹦鹉和扬州鹅三个不同禽类群体的酯酶（Es）多态性。结果显示，这三个群体的Es具有一定的差异：京海鸡有Es-3、Es-2和Es-1三个着色区，Es-1位点由基因Es-1^A、Es-1^B和Es-1^C控制（Es-1^B频率为0．6328），有AA、AB、BB和O四种表现型（BB频率为0．5000）；鹦鹉只有Es-3、Es-1区，Es-1位点由Es-1^A、Es-1^B和Es-1^C。基因控制，Es-1^A频率高达0．8238，有AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC六种表现型，以AA频率最高（0.7714）；扬州鹅未见Es-3和Es-2区，Es-1区较复杂，共出现7个条带，其中1条带出现于部分个体，2～4条带出现于所有个体，5-7带为弱信号带，具有个体间的差异。     

藏獒血浆酯酶多态性研究

采用垂直板高 pH不连续缓冲系统聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法 ,对 4个群体 10 3只犬的血浆脂酶 (Es)多态性进行了检测。结果表明 ,河曲藏獒和青海藏獒血浆Es具有Es- 1和Es - 2两个酶活性区域 ,其中Es- 1位点受Es - 1A、Es - 1B、Es - 1C 和Es- 1D 四个等位基因所控制 ;Es - 2位点受等位基因Es- 2 A 和Es- 2 B 所支配 ,Es - 2BB和Es- 2 B 分别为优势基因型和优势基因。经X2 检验 ,4个被测犬群在Es - 1和Es - 2位点上均处于高度不平衡状态 (P <0 0 1)     

波德代羊及其杂种一二代酯酶多态性的初步研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对引入我国的肉用品种绵羊波德代及其杂种一二代和当地土种羊(蒙古羊)的酯酶(Es)多态性进行了检测分析。结果表明:本研究的4个群体中Es基因座共检测到了Es 和Es-两个等位基因,组成了Es 、Es -、Es--三种基因型。除杂种二代羊和土种羊,以Es -为优势基因型,Es-为优势基因,其余群体均以Es--为优势基因型,Es-为优势基因。结果和前人报道相一致。     

Enzymatic characteristics of crude feruloyl and acetyl esterases of rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YAK11 isolated from yak (Bos grunniens)

Rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YAK11 was isolated from yak (Bos grunniens), and three consecutive 10‐day pure cultures were anaerobically performed at 39 °C in 20‐ml Hungate’s tubes to explore ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase (AE) activity profiles of the fungus grown on whole hay fraction of Chinese wildrye grass (Leymus chinensis) (WHO_cw, n = 4) and its neutral detergent fibre fraction (NDF_cw, n = 4), respectively. An aliquot of 0.7‐ml culture was sampled daily using a sterile syringe, and 0.7‐ml fresh medium was immediately added to the tubes to compensate for the withdrawn samples. Peak esterase activity occurred for FAE on day 5 (p < 0.001) and for AE on day 6 (p < 0.001). The mean activities of FAE and AE in WHO_cw were 2.07 and 1.29 times of those in NDF_cw (p < 0.001). Both FAE and AE activities were positively correlated with xylanase (r > 0.65, p < 0.001) and carboxymethyl cellulase (r > 0.57, p < 0.001) activities. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was positively correlated with enzyme activities of AE (r > 0.87, p < 0.001), FAE (r > 0.82, p < 0.001) and xylanase (r > 0.56, p < 0.001). Crude enzyme solution was harvested for the fungus grown on WHO_cw, and the pH optimum of FAE activity was 8.0 while the optimum for AE was 9.0. Both FAE and AE had a broad pH stability range. The optimal temperatures for FAE and AE activity were 40 and 50 °C. The Michaelis constant (K_m) and maximum velocity (V_max) for FAE against methyl ferulate at pH 6.0 and 39 °C were 0.078 mm and 2.93 mU, respectively. The K_m and V_max for AE against p‐nitrophenyl acetate at pH 7.0 and 39 °C were 2.73 mm and 666.67 mU, respectively. Both FAE and AE may have prospective advantages for the enzymatic degradation of roughages in ruminant animals.     

雷氏叶形吸虫神经系统的酯酶定位观察

本文利用吲哚乙酸酯法（Ｉｎｄｏｘｙ１－ａｃｅｔａｔｅｍｅｔｈｏｄ）观察了酯酶在雷氏叶形吸虫神经系统的定位，该虫神经系统为由咽背后的１对脑神经节向前后各３对纵神经干及神经干间的横向神经构成的稀疏的神经网络     

刚察县高原型藏羊血清脂酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对刚察县47只高原型藏羊血清酯酶(ES)的多态性进行了研究。结果发现:①被检高原型藏羊的ES存在ESA和ESa两种表型,以ESA为优势表型(87.23%);②ESA和ESa分别为0.6426和0.3574;③ES位点上的基因杂合度为0.4593,有效等位基因数为1.8495,基因均质度指数为0.0814;④被检高原型藏羊的ES表型频率和基因频率没有性别差异。     

Effect of glucose addition and N sources in defined media on fibrolytic activity profiles of Neocallimastix sp. YQ1 grown on corn stover

Cleavage of plant cell wall arabinoxylans occurs by the action of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase (AE), which cleave feruloyl groups substituted at the 5'-OH group of arabinosyl residues and acetyl groups substituted at O-2/O-3 of the xylan backbone, respectively. In this study, we examined the enzyme profiles of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YQ1 for FAE, AE and polysaccharide hydrolases when grown on corn stover, a lignin-rich waste biomaterial. A 2 × 4 factorial experiment in 10-days pure cultures was used to test glucose addition (G(+) : glucose at 1.0 g/l, G(-) : no glucose) and four N sources (N1: 1.0 g/l yeast extract, 1.0 g/l tryptone and 0.5 g/l (NH(4))(2) SO(4); N2: 2.8 g/l yeast extract and 0.5 g/l (NH(4))(2) SO(4) ; N3: 1.6 g/l tryptone and 0.5 g/l (NH(4))(2) SO(4); N4: 1.4 g/l tryptone and 1.7 g/l yeast extract) in defined media. The optimal combinations of glucose and N sources to promote FAE and AE activity were G(+) N2 and G(+) N4, respectively. The peak activities of FAE and AE occurred on days 9 and 10, respectively. Addition of glucose and an increase in yeast extract and/or tryptone to a Hungate's medium favoured fungal production of volatile fatty acids, which could be just a consequence of more organic matter available to digest. This suggests that enzymatic release of ferulic acid by a synergistic action of lignin hydrolytic esterase and polysaccharide hydrolases may be essential for plant cell wall biodegradation in the rumen.     

欧拉羊血清酯酶多态性及其与血液指标的联系

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对100只欧拉羊的血清酯酶（ES）多态性的特征进行了研究，同时比较了不同ES型欧拉羊的15项血液指标。结果发现：①欧拉羊的ES位点有ESA和ESa两种表型而呈现多态性；②ES表型受一对等位基因ES^A和ES^a的控制，ES^A对ES^a呈显性，其基因频率分别为0．5490和0．4510；③欧拉羊ES位点的基因杂合度、有效等位基因数和基因均质度指数分别为0．4935、1．9744和0．0129；④不同ES型欧拉羊15项血液指标没有显著性差异。     

The effects of hydrocortisone on systemic arterial blood pressure and urinary protein excretion in dogs

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and proteinuria are commonly recognized in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism. There is, however, little information regarding the effect of exogenous glucocorticoids on blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria and whether these changes are reversible. HYPOTHESIS: Hydrocortisone administration increases systemic BP and urinary protein excretion, and these effects are reversible after hydrocortisone withdrawal. Animals: Six control dogs and 6 dogs treated with hydrocortisone. METHODS: BP, urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPC), microalbuminuria (MALB), urine albumin : creatinine ratio (UAC), and urine gel electrophoresis were evaluated before, during, and after administration of hydrocortisone (8 mg/kg PO q12h for 12 weeks) or placebo. RESULTS: BP and UPC increased substantially during hydrocortisone administration from 123 mmHg (range 114-136 mmHg) and 0.17 (0.15-0.28) to a maximum of 143 mmHg (128-148 mmHg) and 0.38 (0.18-1.78), respectively, on day 28. MALB developed in 4 dogs and UAC significantly increased in all dogs during hydrocortisone administration with the maximum on day 84. Both increases in BP and proteinuria were reversible and completely resolved within 1 month after stopping hydrocortisone administration. SDS-AGE revealed the proteinuria to be primarily albuminuria with a pronounced increase during hydrocortisone treatment. Furthermore, a protein of 25-30 kDa was found in male dogs, identified by mass spectrometry to be arginine esterase, the major secretory prostatic protein. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Long-term hydrocortisone treatment results in significant but only mild increases in systemic BP and urinary protein excretion, which are both reversible within 1 month after discontinuation of hydrocortisone.     

绍兴蛋鸭血清酯酶多态性研究

本试验对６０日龄绍兴母鸭血清酯酶的多态性进行了测定。结果表明：绍兴母鸭血清酯酶区域最多可达５个，酯酶种类最多可达１２种。但以Ｅｓ－１信号区为主，Ｅｓ－２、Ｅｓ－３次之。在Ｅｓ－１区观察到有６种表现型，其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ型频率最高，分别为４０％和４５％。     

家蚕血液酯酶缺失型的遗传学研究

家蚕血液酯酶电泳图谱中A区酯酶缺失型东34,是共显性等位血液酯酶A区酶带不表达基因BesAo的纯合子,基因符号Bes Ao/Ao。东34是其亲本交配后代的分离,选择,固定后的产物。东34缺失的A区酶带属胆碱酯酶类。