新疆不同刈割期对春性大麦干草产量和青贮品质影响的研究

为了探明春性大麦在新疆地区作为青贮饲料的最佳刈割时间,以垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号为研究对象,分析不同刈割期（抽穗期、灌浆期、灌浆10d和蜡熟期）干物质产量、营养品质和青贮品质。结果表明,随着刈割期的推迟,垦啤麦13和P13-3干物质含量和干草产量显著增加,P13-3蜡熟期干草产量显著高于其他时期,参试的3个品种（系）中P13-3在蜡熟期干草产量最大,达到14 731.46kg/hm ²。随着刈割期的推后,3个春性大麦品种（系）干草中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,垦啤麦13和P13-3的中性洗涤纤维含量逐渐上升。随着刈割时间的推迟,大麦青贮后乳酸、乙酸和丁酸含量呈下降趋势,垦啤麦13和P13-3在灌浆10d后青贮其发酵品质显著高于抽穗期和灌浆期。因此,从产量和品质两方面综合考虑,新疆地区春性大麦最佳青贮刈割时间为灌浆10d。     

饲用小黑麦在济源地区的刈割期及刈割次数研究

3个饲用小黑麦品种中饲1048、石大1号、甘农2号在不同生育时期,不同刈割次数下,对其鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比、株高、营养成分进行测定研究。结果表明:饲用小黑麦在济源地区1次刈割鲜草产量抽穗期最高,干草产量乳熟期最高;抽穗期前1次刈割鲜草产量、干草产量均大于刈割2次,乳熟期前1次刈割干草产量高于2次刈割、3次刈割,鲜草产量低于2次刈割、3次刈割,乳熟期前2次刈割、3次刈割鲜草产量和干草产量差异均不显著。     

刈割时期对不同类型牧草产量和品质的影响

文章对8个不同类型牧草品种在呼和浩特地区不同刈割期的产量和品质进行研究,结果表明,苜蓿的最佳刈割期是初花期,其鲜、干草产量最高;禾本科牧草的最佳刈割期是盛花期. 8个牧草品种在盛花期刈割鲜草年产量显著高于现蕾期.苜蓿品种年鲜、干草产量间差异不显著,但均明显高于禾本科牧草.粗蛋白年产量,苜蓿以现蕾期刈割最高,禾本科牧草盛花期刈割最高.粗脂肪年产量,苜蓿以例花期刈割最高,禾本科牧草则以盛花期刈割时较高.同期相比,苜蓿的蛋白和脂肪产量均高于禾本科牧草.综合产量和品质表现认为,紫花苜蓿FGC-301、FGE-201及无芒雀麦适合在呼和浩特地区推广种植.     

刈割次数对林下黑麦草产量与品质的影响

林下种草养禽是一种复合型生态农业模式,为了优化林下牧草的刈割方式,获得较高产量的优质牧草。以林下黑麦草为试验材料,设置不同刈割次数处理(1、2、3、4、5次),比较不同刈割次数对其生长性状、干物质累积、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:刈割4次处理,林下黑麦草鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为86.53 t/hm~2和11.83 t/hm~2,刈割5次处理,鲜草和干草产量分别下降10.27%和7.79%。随着刈割次数的增加,林下黑麦草粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分等营养成分含量有上升趋势,粗纤维含量有下降趋势。另外,各处理以第2茬和第3茬黑麦草干草产量和品质较高。与非林下黑麦草比较,林下黑麦草产量和品质稍有下降。本试验条件下,林下黑麦草刈割4次可兼顾高产与优质,并且适当延长第2茬和第3茬生长时间,有利于产量和品质提高。     

刈割对皖北地区饲用小黑麦产量及品质的影响

为开发利用新的饲草资源,建设皖北优质饲料作物基地,服务当地畜牧业需求,在安徽阜阳进行小黑麦中饲237和中新830栽培青刈试验.结果表明,所引的两种粮饲兼用型小黑麦品种均能很好地适应当地气候条件,能够刈割1～2次,配合适量追肥,刈割后不影响再生草的草产量和籽粒产量,这两个品种的小黑麦均可作为饲用优良麦类品种在当地大力推广种植,促进饲草生产的可持续发展.     

刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量、品质及根的影响

以2年生紫花苜蓿阿尔贡奎因(MedicagosativaL .Algonquin)为试材,在内蒙古西辽河平原进行刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量、品质及根的影响研究。结果表明,干草产量以3次刈割最高,粗蛋白质产量以 4次刈割最高,营养品质随刈割次数的增加而提高;根干重以3次刈割最高、5次刈割最低,根中粗蛋白质和总糖的含量均以5次刈割最低。综合考虑 ,试验地区在水浇地条件种植紫花苜蓿以1年刈割3~4次为宜     

滴灌条件下苜蓿刈割适期的研究

试验以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿为材料,研究高频次滴灌条件下不同时期刈割对苜蓿生长及产量和品质的影响,以期为苜蓿生产提供依据。结果表明:不同灌水频次对苜蓿的物候期有影响,高频次的灌溉处理(8 d/次)物候期比低频次灌溉处理(15 d/次)延后2~3天;进入花期以后,苜蓿株高增长速度减缓;随着苜蓿刈割时间的推迟,各处理茎叶比呈增加的趋势,初花期和盛花期刈割处理茎叶比分别达到2.67和2.81,与其他各处理差异极显著(P0.01);初花期刈割可以得到最大的苜蓿干草产量(18220.5 kg/hm~2),但牧草品质较蕾期有所下降;现蕾期刈割的处理粗蛋白产量最高(3702.2 kg/hm~2),干草产量为17563.5 kg/hm~2。     

不同收刈期对大麻纤维产量和品质的影响

泰安市是我国大麻主产区之一。长期以来,因早倒茬和劳力紧张不能适时收刈,影响了大麻纤维产量和品质的提高。为此,我们进行了大麻不同收刈期试验,确定了最佳收刈期。材料与方法1987～1988连续两年在莱芜市杨庄麻区和肥城县汶阳麻区试验。4月1日播种,品种为肥城大麻,两年平均亩产110.2公斤。收刈期为6月20日、6月25     

草用燕麦品种适宜刈割期的确定

文章对3个草用裸燕麦品种不同生育时期的生物产量进行了测定,对干、鲜物重积累动态和干、鲜草比以及品种间存在的差异进行了分析,明确了草用燕麦的适宜刈割期.     

留茬高度与刈割时株高对墨西哥玉米产量及饲用品质的影响

在大田条件下，比较了不同留茬高度和刈割时株高对墨西哥玉米（Euchlaena mexicana）产量和饲用营养品质的影响，采用概略养分分析法评价其饲用价值。结果表明，留茬30 cm处理的总鲜草产量为14.1 kg·m^-2，总干草产量为1.90 kg·m^-2，显著高于留茬20 cm和留茬10 cm处理；其粗蛋白（CP）和粗纤维（CF）含量较高，粗灰分（CA）和无氮浸出物（NFE）含量较低。株高130 cm时刈割与对照处理（株高95 cm）的产量差异不显著，但其CP、NFE含量较低，CA和CF含量较高；株高60 cm刈割处理的CP、NFE含量高，CA和CF含量低，但产量显著低于对照处理。综合分析5项饲用营养成分和总能量（GE）产量，留茬高度30 cm、株高95 cm时刈割可实现墨西哥玉米生产的高产优质。     

栽培措施对青贮玉米粗蛋白质含量及产量的影响

通过三因素最优饱和设计,建立了氮肥、磷肥与种植密度三因素与不同收获时期青贮玉米粗蛋白质含量、产量的回归模型,各因素效应分析结果表明:随着收获期延迟,P对粗蛋白质含量的作用逐渐增强,氮和密度的作用逐渐减弱。不同收获期三因子对粗蛋白质产量的作用均表现为:N(X1)>密度(X3)>P(X2);总体来看,随氮、磷用量的增加,粗蛋白质的含量、产量均呈“单峰”曲线变化,随密度的增大则呈“U”型曲线变化。在散粉、灌浆、乳熟期3个不同时期收获,氮、磷对粗蛋白质均有显著的增产作用。呼和浩特地区青贮玉米生产中,获得较高粗蛋白质及产量的适宜施氮量为270~350 kg/hm2,施磷量为100~140 kg/hm2,此结果可作为呼和浩特地区青贮玉米生产的施肥标准。     

播期对紫花苜蓿草产量、生长发育及越冬率的影响

为研究不同播种时间对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草产量、生长发育及越冬率的影响,以紫花苜蓿品种‘公农1号’为试验材料,于2013—2014年在在吉林省中东部地区进行田间试验。结果表明,随着播期的延后,出苗所用的时间及各生长性状呈下降趋势,越冬率及翌年草产量以5月9日、5月24日处理最高,8月9日处理最低。其中,5月24日播种的紫花苜蓿的越冬率达98.95%。结果显示,早播促进植株单株的生长,但由于越冬率较低,影响翌年的总产量。综合2年试验结果可以认为吉林省中东部地区紫花苜蓿最佳播期在5月份,最晚也应在7月9日前。     

Effects of Seeding Date and Topping Date on Yield and Fiber Quality of Short-Season Cotton Field-Seeded after Barley(Rape)/Wheat Harvest

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding date and topping date on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of short-season cotton (CCRI 50) field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest. [Method] A split-plot design with three replicates was used for the study in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China in 2014-2015. The main plots comprised two seeding dates (S₁: 25th May and S₂: 10th June), while topping dates (T₁: 30th July, T₂: 7th August and T₃: 15th August) constituted the subplots. [Result] The lint yield, the ratio of yield before frost, boll number, boll weight and lint percent of S₂ were lower than those of S₁. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes of S₂ were less than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for the boll setting ratio. The lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost decreased with the delay of topping date. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes, the ratio of them increased with the delay of topping date while the boll setting ratio decreased. The interaction of sowing date × topping date showed that the treatment of S₁T₁ achieved higher value in lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost. The higher number of fruit branches and fruit nodes were found at the treatment of S₁T₁, S₁T₂ and S1T3 and higher boll setting ratio were found at the treatment of S₂T₁ and S₁T₁. Correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively and significantly correlated with the number of fruit branches and fruit nodes and boll number, but did not significantly correlate withboll setting ratio and the ratio of fruit branches number to nodes number. In addition, the boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches of S₂ were more than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for that of up fruit branches. The boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches decreased with the delay of topping date while it was the opposite for that of up-fruit branches. The treatment of S₁T₁ could be better to improve fiber length and fiber strength of different fruit branches and the micronaire value of middle fruit branches. [Conclusion] The treatment of S₁T₁ is conducive to high yield and fiber quality of short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest in lower reaches of the Yangtze River.     

小麦生物产量、收获指数与产量关系的研究

利用11个小麦新品种（系）,对生物产量、收获指数与籽粒产量的关系进行了研究。结果表明,生物产量与籽粒产量的表型和遗传正相关均达极显著水平,收获指数与籽粒产量的表型正相关也达极显著水平。生物产量的遗传潜力及与籽粒产量的密切程度均大于收获指数,说明进一步提高产量的途径应是维持现有收获指数水平,主要通过提高生物产量,协调提高二者之间的关系来实现。     

基于冠层光谱的早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量估测

利用2019年长江中下游早籼稻早中熟组种质资源为材料,分析主要生育期冠层光谱反射率与籽粒粗蛋白含量的关系,筛选出可用于早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量预测的敏感生育期和敏感波长,建立了基于敏感波长和光谱参数的籽粒粗蛋白的一元线性、多元线性、指数和多项式预测模型,用决定系数（R ²）、均方根误差（RMSE）和相对误差（RE）对模型精度进行评价,以期找到估测早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量的最适模型。研究发现,在孕穗期514、580、638和695nm波长处冠层一阶微分光谱反射率与籽粒粗蛋白含量相关性达到极显著水平;在基于敏感波长的估测模型中,四元线性模型估测效果最佳,其建模集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.566、0.342%和2.874%,验证集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.518、0.154%和1.303%;在基于光谱参数构建的估测模型中,DSI(R′₅₁₄和R′₆₃₈)为自变量构建的多项式模型估测效果较优,其建模集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.638、0.312%和2.639%,验证集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.581、0.230%和2.307%。     

饲用玉米生物产量和籽粒产量与相关因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析方法对13个饲用玉米品种生物学产量和籽粒产量与相关因素关系的研究分析,结果表明,饲用玉米生物学产量与主要性状间的关联度顺序为：株高>穗位高>成熟期保绿度>穗行数>行粒数>结实长>吐丝期>穗长>穗粗>籽粒产量>千粒重;籽粒产量与主要性状间的关联度顺序为：千粒重>穗长>结实长>行粒数>穗粗>行数>生物产量>株高>穗位高>成熟期保绿度>吐丝期。     

菜籽饼粕中蛋白质的提取分离技术及应用研究进展

介绍了菜籽饼粕的脱毒以及从中提取蛋白质的各种方法,综述了菜籽蛋白在各个领域中的应用。重点阐述了水相酶解法和膜分离法在提取、分离菜籽蛋白中的应用。     

不同株行配置与密度对油菜产量的影响

本文系统地研究了4种不同种植密度条件下,3种等行距、3种宽窄行共6种株行配置对油菜经济性状和产量的影响差异,结果表明：不同株行距配置方式对密度在15×104株/hm2油菜产量影响不显著,但对密度45×104株/hm2油菜影响达极显著水平,适宜株行距配置增产效果最高达到19.1%;认为20 cm~40 cm的行距配置有利于当前较高密度直播油菜的生产。     

栽培措施对粮饲兼用型玉米粗纤维积累的影响

采用3因素最优饱和设计,系统地研究了氮肥、磷肥与种植密度3因素对不同收获时期粮饲兼用玉米粗纤维变化的影响。结果表明,散粉至乳熟期,各器官粗纤维含量均呈增加趋势,器官间以茎鞘粗纤维含量最高,叶片和雌穗相差不大。随着密度、施氮量和施磷量增加,叶片、茎鞘中粗纤维分配量呈下降趋势,而雌穗中粗纤维分配量以中等密度和施氮、磷量水平下较低。从营养品质角度考虑,呼和浩特地区粮饲兼用型玉米适宜的收获期为乳熟末期,优化栽培措施为种植密度5200~5700株/hm2,施氮量（纯氮）260~330 kg/hm2,施磷量（P2O5）110~150 kg/hm2。     

Forage production,quality and water-use-efficiency of four warm-season annual crops at three sowing times in the Loess Plateau region of China

Increasing demand for livestock products is driving development of livestock systems worldwide. That requires improved and new forage production options. The Loess Plateau region in central-northern China is an important area for livestock production, as it supports11% and 19% of the country’s cattle and sheep, respectively (China statistical yearbook 2014). The rain-fed semi-arid environment of the Loess Plateau means that maximizing the water-use-efficiency (WUE) of forage production is vital to guarantee enough fodder supply the livestock demand. A three-year field experiment in north-west Loess Plateau compared forage production, water use and water-use-efficiency as well as crude protein (CP) content of forage maize, Sudan grass, foxtail millet and Japanese millet sown at three sowing dates according to the opening rain during 2011–2013. On average, forage maize produced the highest biomass (12.1 t ha⁻¹) and had the highest WUE (43.4 kg DM ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). This was followed by Sudan grass (7.8 t ha⁻¹; 26.5 kg DM ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹), Japanese millet (6.7 t ha⁻¹; 26.2 kg DM ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and foxtail millet (6.7 t ha⁻¹; 24.6 kg DM ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). Optimizing sowing date played an important role in maximizing forage production and WUE of all tested forages. Compared to the earliest sowing date, a delay of two weeks reduced forage production by 17% in maize, 35% in foxtail millet, and 16% in Japanese millet. A delay of four to six weeks reduced biomass yield by 58% in maize, 57% in foxtail millet, and 56% in Japanese millet. Late sowing also greatly reduced WUE of forage maize and foxtail millet by 33% and 42%, respectively, when compared to early sowing. The middle sowing date maximized forage production and WUE of Sudan grass in two of the three growing seasons, which was 20% and 38% higher than the early and late sowing, respectively. Late sowing in all forages reduced crop water use by 42–57 mm compared to the early sowing. Among four test crops, CP of Sudan grass (7.9%) and forage maize (7.7%) was higher than foxtail millet (6.8%) and Japanese millet (6.7%). Compared with early sowing, CP_f in late sowing significantly increased in Sudan grass and decreased in Japanese millet, in contrast, no evident sowing date effect was found in forage maize and foxtail millet. This study showed that all four warm-season annual grasses had high forage production potential, forage maize was the most reliable and efficient option. Forage maize and the millets could easily be integrated into existing cropping systems and provide opportunities as both grain and forage-producing crop to provide added flexibility for farmers.