Feline ureteral strictures: 10 cases (2007-2009)

Background: Feline ureteral obstructions have emerged as a common problem. Ureteral strictures rarely are reported as a cause and the predisposing factors and clinical course of this condition have not been described. Objectives: Evaluate cases of feline ureteral strictures and characterize historical features, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, surgical and endoscopic findings, histopathology, treatment modalities, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Animals: Ten cats diagnosed with ureteral strictures based on compatible findings from at least 2 of the following: ultrasonography, ureteropyelography, surgical exploration, or histopathology. Methods: Retrospective study. Results: Median age, serum creatinine concentration, and size of the renal pelvis were 12 years, 3.7 mg/dL, and 11.75 mm, respectively. Six of 10 cats had hyperechoic periureteral tissue on ultrasound examination at the stricture site. Four cats had evidence of a circumcaval ureter at surgery. Eight cats had an intervention including ureteral stent placement (n = 6) and traditional surgery (n = 2). Seven of 8 cats had decreases in serum creatinine concentration and renal pelvic parameters preceding discharge and 6 had persistently improved results at their last examination. All patients survived to discharge. Median survival time was >294 days (range, 14 to >858 days) with 6/10 cats still alive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ureteral strictures may occur in cats secondary to ureteral surgery, inflammation, a circumcaval ureter, impacted ureterolithiasis, or for unknown causes. With appropriate and timely intervention, the prognosis for long‐term survival is good. In addition to ureteral reimplantation or ureteronephrectomy, ureteral stenting or SC ureteral bypass may be considered as future therapeutic options.     

促卵泡素和促黄体生成素对儋州鸡生殖激素调控规律的研究

为研究促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）对儋州鸡体内其他生殖激素的调控规律,本试验通过改变FSH和LH在儋州鸡血液中的浓度,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对处理前后儋州鸡血液中FSH、LH、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E₂）的浓度进行测定。结果发现,注射外源性FSH和LH分别能提高儋州鸡血液中FSH和LH浓度;当儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度显著升高时则均能引起PRL浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,但当FSH和LH浓度同时显著升高时,PRL浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）;当儋州鸡血液中FSH浓度显著升高时,E₂及P浓度显著提升（P < 0.05）,且在高浓度LH的协同下提升幅度更大;当儋州鸡血液中LH浓度显著升高时E₂及P浓度升高但不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明,儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度的提高均能降低PRL的浓度,并能不同程度的提升E₂及P的浓度,但FSH与LH浓度同时提高则能通过协同作用刺激E₂及P浓度的大幅提升,当E₂及P浓度过高时能通过刺激PRL的释放,负反馈调节血液中FSH与LH,并恢复血液中E₂及P浓度。     

Study on Regulation of Reproductive Hormones in Danzhou Chicken by FSH and LH

To investigate the regulation of reproductive hormones in Danzhou chicken by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH),the concentration of FSH and LH in Danzhou chicken blood were changed by different treatments and the concentration of FSH,LH, prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E₂) in the blood were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that exogenous FSH and LH could improve the concentrations of FSH and LH,respectively. When one of FSH and LH increased alone,the concentration of PRL was significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while it was significantly increased when FSH and LH were both increased (P < 0.05).The high level of the FSH could result the significant increase of E₂ and P (P < 0.05),and it would expand the increasing effect in cooperation with the high concentration of LH. While the high level of the LH could elevate the concentration of E₂ and P,but effect was not significant (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the study suggested that the increase level of FSH or LH could reduce the concentration of PRL in Danzhou chicken,meanwhile,it could increase the concentration of E₂ and P in varying degrees. However,both of the FSH and LH increase in the blood could result the significant increase of E₂ and P as the synergy. When the concentration of E₂ and P were too high,it could stimulate the release of PRL which could adjust the concentration of FSH and LH,and rebalance the concentrations of E₂ and P in the blood.     

2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估

本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%;阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%;微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重;微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。     

补饲醋酸甲羟孕酮基础上分别进行前列腺素、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸和来曲唑处理对母羊血浆繁殖激素水平的影响

试验旨在研究醋酸甲羟孕酮（medroxyprogesterone acetate,MPA）与前列腺素（prostaglandin,PG）、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA）和来曲唑（letrozole,LE）的不同配伍对母羊血浆繁殖相关激素水平的影响。选取3岁经产萨福克母羊39只,平均体重（75.51±11.55） kg,随机均分为3组,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+1 mL/只PG,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+600 mg/（d·只） NMDA,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+34 mg/（d·只） MPA+14 mg/（d·只） LE,试验期18 d。结果发现,补饲MPA基础上进行PG处理,母羊血浆中FSH水平呈极显著升高（P<0.01）;补饲MPA基础上进行NMDA处理,母羊血浆中E2、MLT、FSH和LH水平均呈极显著升高（P<0.01）;补饲MPA基础上进行LE处理,母羊血浆中MLT、LH和T水平均呈极显著升高（P<0.01）。综合比较各生殖激素之间的关系及变化规律,在本试验条件下,建议MPA与NMDA和LE分别结合使用,可作为调控母羊繁殖性能的药品;且通过比较激素水平得出,MPA与NMDA组合效果最佳。     

Effects of Prostaglandin,N-methyl-D-aspartate and Letrozole on Ewes Plasma Levels of Reproductive Hormones were Evaluated on the Basis of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Supplementation

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the different compatibility of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with prostaglandin(PG), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and letrozole (LE) on plasma related hormones levels of reproductive ewes. Thirty-nine and 3-year-old multiparity Suffolk ewes with average weight (75.51+11.55)kg were selected,and assigned into 3 groups,test group Ⅰ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+1 mL/ewe PG, test group Ⅱ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+600 mg/d NMDA, test group Ⅲ:Basis diet+34 mg/d MPA+ 14 mg/d LE, respectively, the trial period lasted for 18 days. The results showed as follows:On the basis of supplemental feeding MPA with PG treated,the levels of FSH in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01); Treated with NMDA, the levels of E₂, MLT,FSH and LH in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), respectively;Treated with LE, the levels of MLT,LH and T in plasma of ewes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), respectively. This study suggested that MPA+NMDA and MPA+LE could be used as medicines for regulate and control oestrus of ewes, and the effect of MPA+NMDA was the best.     

MDV对雏鸡血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的影响

为探讨丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在雏鸡马立克病(MD)发病过程中的作用,研究了雏鸡在人工攻毒后血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的动态变化.结果表明,攻毒组接种马立克病病毒(MDV)后第14天,血浆中MDA的含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),第7天和第28天高于对照组,第56天时基本接近;血浆中SOD活性在第7天时对照组显著高于攻毒组(P＜0.05),第14天和第28天高于攻毒组,但差异不显著.表明雏鸡在感染MDV后血浆中MDA含量显著升高,SOD活性明显降低,对雏鸡MD的发病诊断有重要的指导作用.     

牛、羊、人叠朊基因的克隆与分析

为了解我国哺乳动物叠朊基因Prnd的生物信息，本实验采用PCR方法克隆了秦川黄牛、甘肃土种绵羊和汉族人的Prnd，运用分子生物学软件对这些序列进行了分析比较。结果表明，获得的三种哺乳动物的Prnd均位于1个单一的外显子内，与GenBank登录的相应序列具有高度同源性。秦川黄牛与甘肃土种绵羊Prnd的同源性为96．8％，推导氨基酸序列同源性为93．3％。汉族人Prnd与秦川黄牛和甘肃土种绵羊Prod的同源性均为80％，推导的氨基酸序列同源性均为76．3％。氨基酸一级结构分析显示3种Prod编码的叠朊均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPI锚结合区组成。二级结构预测表明，3种Prod编码的叠朊均由3个α-螺旋和2个β-片层组成。本研究获得的这3种主要哺乳动物的Prnd信息为一进步研究叠朊的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

苜蓿自交不亲和性研究

实验中探讨了苜蓿自交不亲和性和遗传特征。结果得出:1.苜蓿自交结荚百分率为0～92％,平均为27.6％。苜蓿自交不亲和性在群体中呈连续、偏态分布。2.苜蓿自交不亲和性反应主要发生在雌蕊组织下部(子房及子房腔)。3.确定自交不亲和或自交亲和性的判别函数方程为Y=-0.0804x_1—0.5228x_2+0.6117_3。4.苜蓿自交不亲和性受单位点、复等位基因控制,并具有CSI遗传特点。5.S基因与过氧化物同工酶基因(Prxl)为连锁,两者间重组值为27％。6.PSC的遗传力h~2=62％,选择无论对亲和性和不亲和性均为有效。根据本试验结果讨论了苜蓿SI的测度指标、授粉方式及不亲和性的数量差异问题,并探讨了紫花苜蓿与黄花苜蓿种的分类差异,认为两者理应属同一种或种内不同生态型。     

鬼臼多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠自由基产生酶活性的影响

采用环磷酰胺腹腔注射(50mg/kg)小鼠建立免疫抑制模型,观察鬼臼多糖(PEP)不同剂量(50,100,200mg/kg和400mg/kg)配合环磷酰胺应用后,对小鼠脾脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)水平的影响。结果表明,PEP能显著降低免疫抑制小鼠脾脏XOD、MPO的活性;对脾脏总NOS活性无显著影响,但400mg/kg多糖可降低小鼠脾脏诱导型NOS活性,提示PEP可通过降低免疫抑制小鼠体内自由基产生酶水平而起到抗氧化作用。     

我国部分地区蛋鸡群ALV-J及与REV、MDV、CAV混合感染检测

为了解J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)及其与禽网状内皮细胞增生症病毒(REV)、马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和鸡传染性贫血病病毒(CAV)的混合感染现象,本研究从宁夏、湖北、广东、山东、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江7个省的39个蛋鸡群收集临床表现和剖检病理变化疑似禽白血病的病料样品184份,采用PCR、病毒分离和IFA检测样品中ALV-J、REV、MDV和CAV。结果表明,7个省蛋鸡场均存在ALV-J感染,病料样品阳性率为60.9%,检测鸡群阳性率为82.1%,与REV、MDV、CAV的混合感染率分别为13.6%、24.5%、22.8%,其中存在较为严重的双重感染(29.0%)和3重感染(18.8%),甚至4重感染(1.7%)。研究结果表明,我国蛋鸡群中普遍存在ALV-J感染,而且与REV、MDV、CAV混合感染严重;提示ALV-J已经可以引起蛋鸡群发病,在临床诊断和致病性研究中,应考虑到多重感染的影响。     

几种动物病原菌对替米考星耐药性的体外诱导

在测定替米考星对鸡毒支原体、多杀巴氏杆菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的最小抑菌浓度基础上,采用药物浓度递增法体外诱导3种病原菌对替米考星的耐药性。结果鸡毒支原体经9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,多杀巴氏杆菌经7~9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌经14次传代对替米考星的耐受浓度未发生明显变化;鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌替米考星诱导耐药株对红霉素、阿奇霉素、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素和林可霉素表现交叉耐药。研究结果提示,替米考星较易诱导鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌产生耐药性,兽医临床应合理应用。     

氨苯磺胺多克隆抗体的制备

采用重氮化法将氨苯磺胺与人血清白蛋白偶联形成免疫原，免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。通过紫外扫描分析，免疫原中药物分子与蛋白质分子的偶联比为32：1，改良辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法纯化抗体，多克隆抗体效价达1：10^5，间接ELISA建立的氨苯磺胺检测的线性范围为1ng／mL～100μ/mL，70％抑制率可检测最低浓度为0．09μ/mL，以抗体与氨苯磺胺的反应率为100％，抗体与其他7种磺胺药交叉反应率很低。结果表明，制备的氨苯磺胺多克隆抗体具有很高的特异性，可用于动物性食品中氨苯磺胺残留的检测。     

重庆肉牛腹泻相关病毒的检测及遗传进化分析

为了解重庆市肉牛病毒性腹泻的病原流行情况,本研究对重庆市8个肉牛养殖场的81份腹泻粪便样本中牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）、牛冠状病毒（bovine coronavirus,BCV）、牛轮状病毒（bovine rotavirus,BRV）和牛星状病毒（bovine astrovirus,BAstV）4种致腹泻病毒进行了RT-PCR检测,对PCR产物进行测序,用Mega 6.0软件进行系统发育分析。结果显示,BRV、BAstV和BVDV检出率分别为66.7%、8.6%和7.4%,BCV未检出。遗传进化分析结果表明,测序的5个BRV单独聚为一小支,与GenBank中其他VP6序列有明显的遗传距离;BVDV与中国株和丹麦株聚为一支,遗传关系最近;5个BAstV单独聚为一支,与中国香港株遗传关系最近,但仍有明显的遗传距离。本试验结果表明,重庆地区肉牛腹泻主要发生在6月龄以下犊牛,BRV是该地区肉牛腹泻的重要原因,BRV、BAstV和BVDV 3种病毒的遗传多样性值得进一步关注。     

Detection and Genetic Evolution of Diarrhea-related Viruses in Chongqing Beef Cattle

In order to investigate the pathogen prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea in Chongqing, this study carried out an investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine astrovirus (BAstV) on a total of 81 diarrhea samples of beef cattle which were collected from Chongqing by RT-PCR. After the PCR products were sequenced, phylogenetic analysis was performed with Mega 6.0 software. From 81 samples, the positive rate of BRV,BAstV and BVDV were 66.7%,8.6% and 7.4%, respectively,BCV was not detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 5 strains of BRV sequences were clustered into a small branch, which had significant genetic distance with other VP6 sequences in GenBank; 5 strains of BVDV, Chinese and Denmark strains were clustered into one branch,genetic relationship were close; 5 strains of BAstV clustered into a branch with Hongkong strain, but there was still an obvious genetic distance. The result showed that calves under the age of half year were the main group of beef cattle with diarrhea in Chongqing. BRV was an important cause of diarrhea in Chongqing, the genetic diversity of BRV,BAstV and BVDV could be reference to further concern.