鲁西地区抗虫棉防早衰栽培技术集成与示范

棉花早衰对其产量和品质的形成十分不利,常造成降质减产,轻度早衰棉田常减产10％左右,重度早衰棉田则可减产20％-50％,而且纤维品质指标也相应降低。鲁西地区一方面是在转Bt基因抗虫棉的推广和普及过程中,因棉田肥水运筹不合理、品种和栽培技术不配套等原因,棉花早衰问题越来越严重,成为制约棉花优质高产的重要障碍;另一方面是棉花种植管理复杂,在棉花生产中出现了劳动力严重短缺的问题。针对抗虫棉生产中出现的这两个制约棉花生产的问题,开展抗虫棉防早衰简化栽培技术推广应用是十分必要的,该技术的推广应用对于提高棉花单产和纤维品质,稳定棉花面积,促进棉花生产可持续发展具有重要作用n’。     

河南省周口市棉花早衰的原因及预防技术

近几年来,河南省周口市棉田棉花早衰的现象普遍发生,并有逐年加重的趋势,对棉花产量和品质的影响也越来越大.据调查,一般早衰棉田减产10%～30%,个别严重地块减产达50%以上.棉花早衰已成为制约棉花高产的重要因素.现将河南省周口市棉花早衰的原因及预防技术分析如下.     

2021年新疆阿克苏棉花减产的气象原因分析及灾害防御措施

依据2021年新疆阿克苏地区棉花减产的实际情况,对当年棉花生育期间（4-10月）的气象条件进行综合分析,结果表明：低温、阴雨和极端灾害性天气是造成棉花生长发育推迟,产量和品质下降的主要气象原因。并针对不同的气象灾害,提出相应的综合防御和补救措施,为推进棉花高质量持续健康发展提供准确、及时、优质高效的气象服务保障。     

抗虫棉早衰原因及控制措施

抗虫棉新品种的大面积推广种植，使棉花产量、植棉效益大幅度提高。但由于广大棉农对转基因抗虫棉新品种的特性还不是十分了解，大多仍然采用传统的栽培技术，生产上常造成棉花后期早衰、减产。因此了解抗虫棉早衰的表现和导致抗虫棉早衰的原因及控制措施，以充分发挥抗虫棉的优良种性，显得很有必要。     

地膜棉早发早衰的原因与防止

地膜棉早发早衰的原因与防止张寿华，杨胜华，张瑞华河北盐山县农业局０６１３００棉花地膜覆盖可增产２０％以上，但其早期旺长与后期早衰又限制了增产潜力的发挥。历年早期旺长面积占１６％，早衰面积占２４％，减产１８．６％。１旺长和早衰的原因１．１覆盖棉田，由于...     

新疆柳沟灌区棉花早衰原因及防治措施

近两年,由于受气候、病虫危害、土壤污染以及品种自身特性的退化等各种因素的影响,棉花早衰的现象较为突出,使棉花产量持续稳步增长受到制约,甚至造成一定幅度的减产,因此,认真分析棉花早衰的原因,制定出行之有效的防治对策,对促进棉花的生产起着积极作用。1早衰的原因1.1品种特性。由于新陆早13号品种早熟性和丰产性突出,在本地区推广种植年限比较长,尤其在2003年、2004年种植面积占到播种面积的75%~80%。首先,该品种开花、结铃集中,有效铃期短,因此,棉株内部养分在短时间内集中消耗较多,若在此时期肥水跟不上,造成营养失调,从而引起棉株的…     

棉花早衰原因分析及防治措施

近年来棉花早衰早死现象非常严重,而棉花的早衰早死是导致棉花产量大幅度下降的主要原因之一。根据新疆阿克苏地区的生态条件和地膜棉花的生育特点,导致棉花早衰有几类原因,只有根据早衰原因采取相应的综合防治措施,才能使棉花青枝绿叶吐白絮,从而提高棉花品质,以致增产增收。1     

新疆库尔勒市棉花生育后期叶片发红的原因及对策

近几年，库尔勒市许多棉田于7月下旬-8月出现大面积的叶片发红，致使棉花叶片光合作用减弱，棉花早衰，铃重减轻，棉花减产，品质下降。为此，笔者对此现象发生的原因进行了多点的调查、分析、研究，并提出了相应的防治措施，为进一步优化完善库尔勒地区棉花高产高效栽培技术，保持当地棉花可持续发展提供参考依据。     

棉花早衰的原因及表现——2014年9月对河北威县棉花生长的调查

为分析棉花早衰的原因及表现、总结棉花高产栽培经验,对2014年河北威县3块早衰棉田的土壤养分状况、棉花生长情况和产量进行调查分析。分析表明:棉田起土、复耕棉田由于起土或持续失耕造成土壤氮磷钾和有机质等养分含量明显降低导致棉花早衰;前茬为苜蓿的棉田由于苜蓿的固氮作用,土壤氮磷钾和有机质等养分含量明显增加,能够减缓棉花早衰的发生。棉花早衰在冠层上表现为株高降低、棉株变细、叶绿素含量降低、果节数减少和最长果枝长度减小等方面,根系上表现为主根长和最长侧根长度变短、侧根数目变少,与相应对照棉田相比,本调查早衰棉田棉花主根长度和最长侧根长度分别降低9.7%和31%,一级侧根数减少36.4%。早衰棉花产量明显降低,主要原因是早衰棉花单株成铃数和铃重降低,起土棉田、复耕棉田和前茬棉花棉田棉花理论产量与相应对照棉田相比分别低29.3%,13.2%和4.3%。本调查说明土壤养分状况变差是造成棉花早衰的主要原因,棉田持续耕作可能造成棉花早衰。     

棉花早衰及防治措施

棉花早衰是指棉花生长后期由于各种原因引起叶片过早衰老、脱落,秋桃结铃少,棉铃瘦小、不充实,纤维变短、拉力下降,严重影响棉花产量的提高.引起棉花纤维品质变劣,造成棉花产量下降,经济收入减少,棉田经济效益下降,棉农减收.由于棉花的早衰可造成减产1成～3成.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.