The role of councils on animal ethics in assessing acceptable welfare standards in agriculture

The way production animals are treated is a matter of public concern, and public opinion is often a driving force to introduce new animal welfare legislation. In Norway, a Council on Animal Ethics has been appointed by the authorities since 1993. The composition of the council is broad and it encounters both lay people and experts. The council is independent and advisory, only. It shall be a “guard dog” and follow the developments in animal production and other areas where man makes use of animals, and give advice to the authorities on the need for change in legislation and administrative practices. An important task for the council is also to contribute to and facilitate an informed public debate on animal welfare standards and animal ethics.     

浅谈盈江县动物疫病流行的原因

做好动物疫病防控工作是畜牧业健康持续发展的前提,通过查阅盈江县多年动物疫病发生的相关记载资料,对多年来动物疫病流行的情况进行综合分析,找出了致使动物疫病传播的主要原因,为以后更好的开展动物疫病防控工作提供参考.     

动物育种方法的回顾与展望

以数量遗传学理论为基础的动物育种方法在过去几十年的畜禽育种改良中起到了巨大的作用,也必将在相当长的时期内起主导作用.分子生物学的迅猛发展使人们在分子水平上对动物的遗传物质进行操作正在逐渐成为现实,进而为动物分子育种奠定了基础.与传统的动物选种方法相比,标记辅助选择是直接对基因型进行选择,因而其选种的准确性将大大提高.同时,转基因技术的成功应用还能充分利用所有可能的遗传变异,根据人们的需求创造出～些非常规性的畜牧产品.可以预言,分子育种将成为未来动物育种的重要方法.     

代谢组学分析技术在动物营养学研究中的应用进展

代谢组学是系统生物学的重要分支,因其可通过研究生物过程的终端代谢产物来考察生物过程的整体变化及代谢轮廓特征而使其成为现代科学研究的热点,代谢组学在医学、药理学、病理学、毒理学、食品科学、营养学等领域均有较多研究和应用,但其在动物营养与饲料科学领域的研究和应用还较为欠缺。本文就代谢组学分析技术及其在动物营养学中的应用研究进行综述。     

纳米科技在畜牧业中的应用前景

本文在简要介绍纳米科技的一些基本概况下 ,提出将纳米微粒所具有的独特性质 (比如表面积大、表面活性中心多、反应活性高、强烈的吸附能力和较高的催化能力等 )应用到畜牧业中 ,指导畜牧业的生产。本文旨在从纳米微粒营养物在动物胃肠道的吸收、吸附杀菌、载药纳米微粒的缓释控释、动物遗传育种及对疫苗的辅助作用几个方面来展望其在畜牧业生产中的应用前景。     

Ethics: The new challenge for animal agriculture

This paper introduces this volume dedicated to ethics in animal agriculture, in which moral responsibility of the actors of the animal production chain and relations between science, production and the society are analysed. Ethical concepts and their evolution through the ages, and ethical issues arising across different modes of production are presented. The diversity of viewpoints and interests of the stakeholders (farmers, technicians, scientists, consumers and citizens), relative to their values, cultures, and production conditions, is emphasized. The processes by which norms can be built while taking into account this diversity and societal objectives are illustrated at the levels of the profession, the country, Europe or the world. Ethics in animal production is a condition of the acceptability of the products, but also of the animal production sector as a whole.     

互助县畜牧生产中存在的问题与发展思路

畜牧业在青海互助县农民增收,农业增效中发挥了显著作用,畜牧业产值逐年上升.作者就互助县畜牧业发展现状、存在的问题以及如何解决问题的思路与措施进行了全面论述,为互助县畜牧业健康、持续、稳定地发展提供了参考.     

We and they: Animal welfare in the era of advanced agricultural biotechnology

The paper discusses central moral issues raised by the applications of advanced biotechnology to animal agriculture and introduces the major ethical concepts and principles of animal bioethics. It is argued that biotechnology enables human beings to transform animals according to human needs, which blurs the boundary between humans and non-human animals in moral and biological sense. The more humans change animals, the more responsible humans are for the welfare of the animals and the greater their moral obligations. The paper introduces the main ethical approaches to animal welfare, traces the philosophical roots of animal ethics in the Judeo-Christian tradition and discusses the views of classical and contemporary ethicists such as Kant, Bentham, Mill, Peter Singer and Tom Regan. The paper explores the concept of animal welfare, suffering and rights, and the values behind Animal Liberation. Special attention is given to the animal welfare issues posed by cloning, genetic engineering and patenting of living organism. For each technology, actual or potential risks to animal welfare are identified and their moral implications are outlined. It is noted that the traditional moral principles of animal welfare, animal interests and animal rights are inadequate as means for evaluating the morality of certain advanced technologies because the technologies can change the animals in profound ways that make animal awareness too limited to give rise to claims about welfare, interests or rights. The principle of animal integrity is endorsed as an alternative better suited for evaluating the morality of advanced biotechnology.     

装配式牛舍结构浅析

本文论述了我国规模化畜禽养殖业的发展方向、国内外对牛舍建筑结构的研究进展及对装配式牛舍结构的研究与应用现状，并指出了今后对装配式牛舍进行结构优化的必要性。     

Are probiotics useful for therapy of Helicobacter pylori diseases?

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a known risk factor for gastric cancer. Eradication rate of H. pylori infection by the classic triple treatment of PPIs and antibiotics is low. Therefore, probiotics are a useful tool for improving the rate of eradication and reduction of side effects. Several studies in animal models showed that Lactobacillus spp. alone and in combination with other probiotic strains have inhibitory effects on growth and suppression of inflammatory responses in H. pylori infections. However, some studies showed significant effects of Pediococcus strains on suppression, survival, and eradication of H. pylori infections. Therefore, it is suggested that in the treatment of H. pylori infections along with the usual probiotic strains, different strains of Pediococcus could be used. Recent studies showed that Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus gasseri alone with PPIs in human have a high eradication effect on H. pylori infections and it is suggested as the probiotic treatment of patient's in future therapeutic protocols. In relation to the probiotic treatment process, it should not be recommended that probiotics could be used as a single treatment for H. pylori eradication. However, use of probiotics as a supplement will increase eradication and reduce side effects associated with treatment. It is widely believed that probiotics could improve the eradication of H. pylori and reduce side effects during standard treatment, but some probiotic bacterial species could be useful with drug therapy. Generally, probiotic supplements could increase the eradication rate of H. pylori infections and reduced the side effects of antibiotics.     

动物应激的研究进展

对动物应激的研究已有几十年,但有关应激的基础理论体系仍不健全,对于应激的概念及其应用也有很多模糊的地方,致使很多时候人们对应激研究的结果不能进行准确解释。本文对应激的概念、应激的一般反应及应激反应的机理等几个方面进行了综述,希望能引起人们对有关应激理论的思考。     

外源核苷酸营养研究进展

核苷酸具有许多生理生化功能.人和动物体内能够从头合成核苷酸,但在某些情况下,如机体迅速生长、受到免疫挑战时,一些器官、组织内源合成的核苷酸不能满足机体的需要.日粮来源的核苷酸对胃肠道的生长发育、免疫系统、肝功能及脂肪代谢有重要作用.动物生产中,日粮核苷酸是一种半必需营养素.     

畜禽排泄物与环境保护

在畜牧业迅速发展的今天 ,如何控制和消除畜牧业的环境污染已成为环保事业和畜牧业生产面临的重要课题。本文在分析畜禽排泄物对环境影响的基础上 ,对饲料处理及排泄物处理等一系列减少环境污染的措施做了介绍。     

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）陈庄，魏平华（广东省农科院畜牧研究所广州５１０６４０）２转基因家畜生物反应器研究的进展目前，转基因动物研究有三大焦点：一是转基因方法研究；二是利用转基因动物来研究动物基因的表达调控机制；三是利用转基因动物生产非常规畜牧产...     

Sustainable transparent farm animal breeding and reproduction

Farm animal breeders are facing challenges. More and more powerful technologies are at their disposal for creating genetic change. At the same time, society is concerned about the impact of breeding practices and the use to which new technologies are being put. European breeders must compete in a global market. To meet these challenges, European farm animal breeders have conducted three projects to contribute to sustainable and transparent farm animal breeding and reproduction. In “Farm animal breeding and society”, an overview is presented of farm animal breeding in Europe and its technical, ethical, legal and consumer constraints and possibilities. In ‘SEFABAR’, European breeders, scientists and socio-economists have worked towards sustainable breeding and reproduction scenarios. In ‘CODE–EFABAR’, breeders aim to develop, with experts on ethics, communication and certification, and in close contact with NGOs, farmers' organisations and policy makers, a Code of Good Practice for farm animal breeding and reproduction organisations. Along this Code of Good Practice organisations will be able to explain their goals and practices to the public in a transparent way. This paper reviews these projects.     

干扰素在兽医临床上的应用

干扰素是细胞分泌的一类具有高度生物学活性的糖蛋白,由于其具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等多种生物学活性而受到研究者的广泛重视,本文就对其在兽医临床上的应用作一概述。     

Perceptions of animal physiotherapy amongst Irish veterinary surgeons

The aim of this study was to investigate veterinary surgeons' perceptions, knowledge and use of animal physiotherapy in the Republic of Ireland. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 veterinary surgeons, of which 97 were returned. Results indicated that 77 (79%) of respondents were aware of animal physiotherapists. Common sources of information included veterinary colleagues, owners and professional journals, with physiotherapists themselves and undergraduate training being less commonly cited. Awareness of animal physiotherapy was greatest amongst those working in equine practice (χ2 = 5.7, df 1, p = 0.017); they were more knowledgeable about its techniques (t = 2.806, df 75, p = 0.006) and more likely to refer (χ2 = 48.36, df 1, p = 0.0001). Seventy-four respondents (96%) thought that more research was necessary to increase the evidence base for animal physiotherapy. If this branch of physiotherapy is to develop, there needs to be increased interaction and co-operation between veterinary surgeons and chartered animal physiotherapists.     

特定电磁波（TDP）对动物繁殖功能影响的几项实验结果

特定电磁波（ＴＤＰ）辐射器是中国的一项重要发明，它在电热的作用下可发射２—２５毫微米（ｍμ）波谱，峰值为ｇｍμ，具有特殊的良性生物效应，在国内已被广泛地用于临床理疗。我们的实验表明：用ＴＤＰ照射公牛精液，可显著提高冻后精子活率和受精能力；用ＴＤＰ处理产后之情三个月以上奶牛，极显著地提高了发情和配种受胎数（Ｐ＜０．０１）；经照射的奶牛，其性腺激素Ｅ２及Ｐ４均呈正常周期性的变化规律；用ＴＤＰ处理围产期奶牛，显著提高了产后妊娠率（Ｐ＜０．０１），并缩短了产犊间隔时间（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＴＤＰ处理小母鼠，极显著地促进了子宫发育和发情、排卵、受精数和胚胎发育，以及胚胎冷冻后复苏率（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＴＤＰ照射结果与红外线不同，说明不是热效应；用ＴＤＰ照射３日龄雏鸡显著提高了其产蛋期间的平均日产蛋重量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。