血清浓度对共培养条件下牛原代肌肉卫星细胞及前体脂肪细胞活性影响

为探索添加血清浓度对共培养条件下细胞活性的影响,本研究采集新生秦川犊牛背最长肌和肾周脂肪,分离提取前体脂肪细胞和肌卫星细胞,建立以DMEM/F12培养基,不同细胞混合比例(肌肉细胞:脂肪细胞=10:1、5:1、2:1)的多种共培养体系,通过调整各共培养体系培养基中的胎牛血清比例(5%、10%、15%、20%的胎牛血清,FBS),来研究血清浓度对各共培养体系中细胞活性的影响。共培养14d,每两天更换对应培养基,并采用MTT染色法测定共培养细胞的细胞活性。统计分析后发现:共培养细胞活性随着血清浓度的上升而增加;15%FBS和20%FBS浓度下细胞活性均显著高于5%FBS组和10%FBS组(P<0.05);虽20%FBS组细胞活性高于15%组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,为了获得最好的牛肌卫星细胞和前体脂肪细胞共培养效果,达到较高的细胞培养活性,建议采用15%(v/v)以上的FBS进行共培养。     

家畜原代前体脂肪细胞离体培养模式研究

本文阐明了家畜原代前体脂肪细胞离体培养模式及其特点、家畜原代前体脂肪细胞有血清培养模式与无血清培养模式、家畜原代前体脂肪细胞离体培养模式中激素、生长因子和细胞因子调控脂肪细胞分化的作用及脂肪细胞离体培养的分化过程以及脂肪细胞分化的鉴定。     

绵羊前体脂肪细胞的原代培养及分化

本试验旨在建立绵羊前体脂肪细胞的原代培养方法,探讨反刍动物脂肪沉积机理.以1日龄羔羊的肾周脂肪组织为试验材料,采用组织块法和酶消化法分离培养前体脂肪细胞,观察形态学变化,测定生长曲线,油红O染色检测细胞内脂肪含量,并用实时定量PCR法检测脂蛋白脂酶、过氧化物体增殖剂活化受体γ、脂肪酸合酶的表达量.结果表明:原代培养的细胞成分均一、增殖旺盛、分化率高,具有前体脂肪细胞的形态特征和基因表达特性,为绵羊前体脂肪细胞.本试验成功建立了绵羊前体脂肪细胞原代培养方法,并在体外重现了增殖和分化的过程.     

新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞原代培养与诱导分化的研究

为建立新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的体外培养模型,比较新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的差异表达,实验采集 1 日龄新西兰兔背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织,采用胶原酶消化方法,分别从 2 种组织中分离前体脂肪细胞,进行细胞原代培养,绘制细胞生长曲线,并对肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞诱导分化,利用 RT-PCR 检测相关基因的表达变化。结果表明:细胞在分离后 2 h 已经贴壁,24 h 时呈现出短梭形的细胞形态,第 2 天细胞变成长梭形,第 3 天进入对数生长期。肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞在诱导分化后均被油红O 染色,皮下前体脂肪细胞的脂质积累在诱导分化的第 2 天显著高于肌内前体脂肪细胞(P<0.05);荧光定量结果表明,肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞 CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白(C/EBPα)基因的表达趋势在诱导分化过程中相同,肌内前体脂肪细胞过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体(PPARγ)第 4 天的表达量显著高于第 6 天,而皮下前体脂肪细胞 PPARγ表达量差异不显著;肌内前体脂肪细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)表达量在第 0天和第 2天差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05);肌内前体脂肪细胞脂肪酸合酶(FAS)基因第 0、2、4 天的表达量差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2、4 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05)。本研究成功构建了新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞的体外培养和诱导分化模型,并发现皮下前体脂肪细胞分化早于肌内前体脂肪细胞,为进一步研究新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的分化机制和脂肪沉积奠定基础。     

成肌细胞与前体脂肪细胞在共培养体系中互作关系的研究进展

动物肌间脂肪的形成是一个复杂的生理代谢过程,成肌细胞及前体脂肪细胞相互作用在该性状的形成过程中具有重要的影响.不同的细胞可以通过自分泌或者旁分泌等途径对脂肪细胞的分化、募集和附着等活动起到重要的调控作用.Transwell共培养技术的出现和发展,为细胞间互作关系的研究奠定了基础,但影响肌间脂肪沉积的因素和细胞间互作方式...     

莱芜猪前体脂肪细胞的原代培养及诱导分化研究

为了建立莱芜猪前体脂肪细胞的体外培养体系,探索猪脂肪组织增生的生物学特征。本研究采集1日龄莱芜猪仔猪颈、背部皮下脂肪组织,采用胶原酶与胰蛋白酶相结合的方法,分离原代前体脂肪细胞,进行前体脂肪细胞的原代和传代培养,以及前体脂肪细胞诱导分化的研究,并采用Real-time PCR方法检测前体脂肪细胞分化过程中关键基因PPARγ的表达。结果表明,分离的猪原代前体脂肪细胞约8h后开始贴壁,贴壁的细胞呈短梭形或不规则的三角形,第3天多数细胞进入指数生长期,呈成纤维细胞样形态,细胞生长曲线近似S形;诱导培养结果显示,少量细胞在第2天开始出现脂滴,大多数细胞在第3天出现脂滴,第7～8天小脂滴逐渐融合成大脂滴,在第12天左右融合成大脂滴,油红O染色呈橘红色。在前体脂肪细胞分化过程中PPARγ基因mRNA的表达量逐渐增加,在诱导后的48h表达量最高,随后其表达丰度逐渐下降。本试验成功建立了莱芜猪前体脂肪细胞培养体系和体外诱导分化模型,为进一步研究莱芜猪前体脂肪细胞增殖与分化机制和猪体脂肪的沉积奠定基础。     

3种转染试剂对牛原代骨骼肌卫星细胞转染条件的优化

为了选择适合牛原代骨骼肌卫星细胞的转染试剂与条件,本研究以带有绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP和pEGFP-C1作为外源基因,分别用Lipofectamine 3000、X-tremeGENE HP和FuGENE HD转染牛原代骨骼肌卫星细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察、实时荧光定量PCR及Hoechst 33342染色评价转染效率。结果表明,对于同一时期、同一转染试剂,pcDNA3.1-EGFP转染效果优于pEGFP-C1;不同转染试剂之间,Lipofectamine 3000和X-tremeGENE HP转染效果优于FuGENE HD。Lipofectamine 3000转染后分化72h肌管最明显,FuGENE HD次之,X-tremeGENE HP转染后细胞死亡较多。采用1.0μL Lipofectamine 3000、1.5μL Lipofectamine 3000和X-tremeGENE HP转染细胞后EGFP表达量极显著高于FuGENE HD (P<0.01),但这三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。细胞转染效率与EGFP定量结果基本一致,1.0、1.5μL Lipofectamine 3000转染效率较高,分别达26.07%和24.77%,极显著高于FuGENE HD(5.59%)和X-tremeGENE HP(10.87%)的转染效率(P<0.01),但二者之间无显著差异(P>0.05);X-tremeGENE HP的转染效率极显著高于FuGENE HD (P<0.01)。综合考虑转染试剂的用量、细胞毒性及经济效益,本试验初步认为牛原代骨骼肌卫星细胞转染宜采用Lipofectamine 3000,其与质粒DNA的比例为1∶1时转染效率最高。本试验结果可为原代细胞的转染提供重要的参考价值。     

KLF11抑制山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化

旨在获得山羊Krüppel样因子11(Krüppel-like factor 11,KLF11)基因序列,明确其组织及细胞表达模式,阐明KLF11对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响及可能作用途径。本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)技术检测KLF11在山羊各组织及成脂诱导分化不同阶段细胞中的表达水平,利用油红O染色和qPCR等方法从形态学及分子生物学等角度确定干扰KLF11后对山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化的影响及可能的作用途径。结果表明,KLF11核苷酸序列总长为1 752 bp,CDS区为1 518 bp,编码505个氨基酸残基。KLF11基因在山羊各个组织中都有广泛表达,并且在肝、背最长肌及腹部脂肪中存在较高水平表达;KLF11在成脂诱导48 h的山羊肌内脂肪细胞中表达水平极显著高于诱导分化前(P<0.01)。筛选到干扰效率可达到63.58%的KLF11-siRNA1有效干扰序列,转染山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞后发现可明显促进山羊肌内脂细胞的脂滴积聚,且脂肪细胞分化标志基因PPARγ和C/EBPβ mRNA水平出现极显著上调(P<0.01),Pref-1 mRNA水平出现极显著下调(P<0.01);干扰KLF11基因后,KLFs有些成员(KLF1、KLF2、KLF4、KLF5、KLF8、KLF10、KLF14、KLF16)表达水平发生极显著下降(P<0.01),有些(KLF15)则出现相反的表达模式。KLF11基因可能通过调控PPARγ、C/EBPβ和Pref-1的表达抑制山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化,并且这种作用可能是通过协同KLF2、KLF4、KLF10,拮抗KLF7和KLF15来进行的。     

猪前脂肪细胞原代培养方法的建立

目的:摸索猪前脂肪细胞的原代培养方法,为研究猪脂肪发生的分子机制奠定基础.方法:取皮下脂肪,酶消化法分离细胞,用转铁蛋白、氢化可的松、胰岛素诱导分化,油红O染色鉴定.结果:在培养期间,细胞逐渐由梭形变为圆形,并逐渐增大,油红O染色为红色.结论:分离的细胞为未分化的前脂肪细胞,可用此方法培养的细胞进行脂肪发育过程中具体分...     

油酸对延边牛前体脂肪细胞分化及成脂相关基因表达的影响

利用胶原酶消化法分离18月龄延边牛前体脂肪细胞进行体外培养和鉴定,用100μmol/L油酸对细胞进行诱导分化,研究油酸对脂肪细胞分化的作用。结果显示,油酸可诱导延边牛前脂肪细胞分化,促进脂滴形成及甘油三酯浓度增加;成脂相关基因PPARγ、C/EBPα、LPL、FABP4、SCD、CPT1β、SREBP1及PLIN2的表达随处理时间不同表现出不同的变化趋势,PPARγ、C/EBPα、CPT1β、SREBP1、FABP4和PLIN2基因的表达量在分化后始终高于对照组(P<0.05),LPL基因的表达先降后升(P<0.05),SCD基因的表达始终低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,油酸可促进延边牛前体脂肪细胞的分化,并对成脂相关基因具有明显的调控作用。     

干扰DHX9对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与成肌分化的影响

为研究天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-丙氨酸-组氨酸盒解旋酶9 (DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His)-box helicase 9,DHX9)对牛骨骼肌细胞增殖与分化的影响,利用已经建立的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞体外成肌分化模型,设计合成DHX9的si-RNA,采用荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测DHX9基因在成肌...     

UBE2L3对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化的影响

将分离的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞(BSMSCs)进行体外培养,首先检测泛素结合酶UBE2L3在BSMSCs增殖分化过程中mRNA以及蛋白表达水平的变化.设计UBE2L3的3个干扰RNA(si-UBE2 L3-1、si-UBE2L3-2、si-UBE2L3-3),对干扰效果进行筛选.构建UBE2L3过表达质粒载体pcDNA3.1...     

牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养及诱导分化方法的建立

为了给牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养及诱导分化方法及进一步揭示肌肉分化的机理及转基因肉牛的研究提供重要帮助,试验以新生胎牛的骨骼肌为试验材料,分别采用胶原酶Ⅰ和胶原酶Ⅺ与胰蛋白酶结合对其进行消化,并通过差速贴壁法对骨骼肌卫星细胞进行分离纯化,同时采用免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR、Western-blot法对骨骼肌卫星细胞进行鉴定。结果表明:研究成功获得了大量的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞;该细胞的标志性分子的mRNA及其蛋白表达的纯度在98%以上;细胞生长状态良好,可稳定传至90代并保持旺盛的增殖活力;细胞分化效率高,2%的马血清能够诱导细胞分化使其融合形成多核肌管,数量众多的肌管可自发融合为更粗的肌管,并可观察到其具有收缩现象。     

Sequential expression of myogenic regulatory factors in bovine skeletal muscle and the satellite cell culture

Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are important in the control of skeletal muscle development. To understand myogenic regulation by MRFs in bovine adult muscle cells, their expressions, namely that of Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 in the biceps femoris muscle (BF) and in the satellite cell culture, were analyzed by RT-PCR. In the BF, all four MRFs were expressed and in particular, myogenin and MRF4 were strongly expressed, whereas Myf5 was faintly expressed. The satellite cells prepared from the BF expressed Myf5, but only a trace of MyoD, at day 9 of culture. During the growth of the cells to day 14, the MyoD and myogenin expressions gradually increased, and that of MyoD expression reached its maximum at the confluence of the culture. After induction of myogenic differentiation by a serum-free medium at day 14, Myf5 expression gradually decreased, and the up-regulated expression of MyoD was suppressed, whereas myogenin expression continued to increase sharply. Following the myogenin expression, MRF4 also drastically increased toward the myotube formation of the cells. When huge myotubes were formed at day 18, Myf5 was expressed at a low level, whereas the MyoD expression remained at a moderate level.     

猪肌肉卫星细胞的分离培养及生物学特性鉴定

以猪胎儿为材料,采用胶原酶消化法或组织块法培养胎儿背部最长肌获得了肌肉卫星细胞,该细胞体外可以传到9代以上。培养的细胞多呈纺锤体型和梭型,具有明显的方向性,呈典型的长轴平行排列。流式细胞仪分析结果显示,该细胞呈CD29、CD166、CD45、CD44阳性,CD71、CD34阴性。RT-PCR检测发现其表达Desmin、C-Myc、Nanog、Pcna、Oct4、Klf4,弱表达Myog,不表达Sox2、MyoD。免疫组化染色发现其表达Desmin等肌肉细胞的特异性标记,同时表达Nanog、Pcna等多能性细胞标记。本试验建立了一种简便高效的猪肌肉卫星细胞体外分离和培养方法,得到的细胞具有肌肉卫星细胞的典型生物学特性,同时表达间质干细胞和多能性干细胞的部分标记。     

Preliminary experiments on mechanical stretch-induced activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vivo

We have shown in vitro that mechanical stretch triggers activation of quiescent satellite cells of skeletal muscle to enter the cell cycle through an intracellular cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that results in the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association and its subsequent presentation to signaling receptors. In order to explore the activation mechanism in vivo, stretch experiments were conducted in the living animal using our suspension model developed. This system used the weight of the hind portion of rats to stretch the inside muscles of the left hind limb suspended for a period of 0.5–2.0 h. At the end of the stretch period, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine followed by immunocytochemistry for its incorporation as an index of satellite cell activation in vivo. Depending on the period of stretch, bromodeoxyuridine labeling was increased significantly over the contralateral unstretched leg or control muscle from untreated rats. A stretched muscle extract prepared from the 2 h stretched tissue by incubating it in PBS, showed the active form of HGF as revealed by immunoblotting and it could stimulate the activation of unstretched satellite cells. Also, administering NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME prior to muscle stretch abolished the stretch activation of satellite cells. Therefore, the results from these experiments demonstrate that stretching muscle triggers NO synthesis and HGF release, which could activate satellite cells in vivo.     

Leucine regulates slow‐twitch muscle fibers expression and mitochondrial function by Sirt1/AMPK signaling in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells

A previous study demonstrated that leucine upregulates the slow myosin heavy chain mRNA expression in C2C12 cells. However, the role of leucine in slow‐twitch muscle fibers expression and mitochondrial function of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells as well as its mechanism remain unclear. In this study, porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells cultured in differentiation medium were treated with 2 mM leucine for 3 days. Sirt1 inhibitor EX527, AMPK inhibitor compound C, and AMPKα1 siRNA were used to examine its underlying mechanism. Here we showed that leucine increased slow‐twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial function‐related gene expression, as well as increased succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities. Moreover, leucine increased the protein levels of Sirt1 and phospho‐AMPK. We also found that AMPKα1 siRNA, AMPK inhibitor compound C, or Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 attenuated the positive effect of leucine on slow‐twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial function‐related gene expression. Finally, we showed that Sirt1 was required for leucine‐induced AMPK activation. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that leucine induces slow‐twitch muscle fibers expression and improves mitochondrial function through Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.     

猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-24功能的初步研究及靶基因分析

为了探讨miR-24对猪骨骼肌发育的影响,对体外培养1日龄纯种长白公猪骨骼肌卫星细胞分别转染miR-24过表达载体和干扰片段,发现过表达miR-24后,成肌分化基因MyoD、Myogenin和Myf5表达量显著升高,骨骼肌卫星细胞分化趋势增强;干扰miR-24后,Myogenin的表达量显著降低;同时,靶基因预测结果显示Myogenin可能是miR-24的靶基因。     

Mechanical stretch-induced activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells is dependent on nitric oxide production in vitro

Mechanical stretch induces activation of cultured quiescent satellite cells and the activation response is owing to rapid release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association with satellite cells and its subsequent presentation to the c-met receptor. We provide new evidence that the stretch activation is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) production. Stretch activation could be abolished by the addition of N ^G-nitro- L -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, but not by N ^G-nitro- D -arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, a less active enantiomer of L-NAME. Adding HGF to the L-NAME culture restored the activation response, indicating that L-NAME does not directly inhibit satellite cell activation, but acts upstream from the HGF release. In addition, immunoblots of satellite cell lysate revealed the presence of nitric oxide synthase. These experiments suggest that NO is involved in linking mechanical perturbation of satellite cells to chemical signaling responsible for HGF release from its sequestration in vitro .